WEBVTT

00:04.060 --> 00:05.460
♪♪♪

00:10.080 --> 00:22.060
♪♪♪ ♪♪

01:16.720 --> 01:18.220
["Pomp and Circumstance"]

01:34.700 --> 01:40.260
1500 years after the birth of our Lord,
the lands and people of Central Europe

01:40.260 --> 01:46.180
comprised the Holy Roman Empire,
a strange and mystical commonwealth which

01:46.180 --> 01:48.880
compelled allegiance both to emperor and
pope.

01:51.140 --> 01:55.900
Powerful in this political structure were
the rich states and free cities of

01:55.900 --> 02:00.940
Germany, whose princes and councillors
commanded armies pledged to defend both

02:00.940 --> 02:02.780
empire and Holy Roman Church.

02:05.540 --> 02:10.080
The pious believed God himself had
established dual authority over Christian

02:10.080 --> 02:10.580
man.

02:11.660 --> 02:17.340
They accepted the emperor as ruler of life
on earth and the church as intercessor for

02:17.340 --> 02:19.200
man's destiny in the world to come.

02:21.380 --> 02:26.740
The church had largely forgotten the
mercies of God and instead it emphasized

02:26.740 --> 02:28.780
God's implacable judgments.

02:33.820 --> 02:39.980
Even Jesus Christ was presented as a
relentless avenger and man himself so

02:39.980 --> 02:45.300
hopelessly engulfed in sin that he must
live in perpetual dread of a furious God,

02:46.320 --> 02:51.820
painted constantly and vividly before his
eyes were the fires and torments of hell.

02:59.860 --> 03:04.960
The early 16th century was a time of
deep-rooted superstition and fear.

03:07.060 --> 03:11.920
Christianity was mixed with elements of
paganism and men believed the world was

03:11.920 --> 03:14.080
filled with demons and evil spirits.

03:19.680 --> 03:25.000
For protection and deliverance from
eternal damnation, the church demanded

03:25.000 --> 03:27.980
absolute and unquestioning obedience of
the people.

03:44.780 --> 03:51.100
On a midsummer's day in 1505, about a
decade after Columbus discovered the new

03:51.100 --> 03:55.460
world, a young law student made his way
through the marketplace in Erfurt,

03:55.700 --> 03:56.040
Germany.

03:57.020 --> 03:58.720
His name was Martin Luther.

04:23.920 --> 04:25.880
To our host!

04:26.280 --> 04:27.700
Our unknown host!

04:27.820 --> 04:29.260
Our mysterious host!

04:29.720 --> 04:31.080
Our generous host!

04:31.440 --> 04:32.500
To our host!

04:33.040 --> 04:34.360
To my guests!

04:37.300 --> 04:39.920
Martin Luther, sir, this is all your
doing.

04:40.280 --> 04:41.180
What's the occasion?

04:41.500 --> 04:43.520
Oh, just to see you all together again.

04:43.720 --> 04:45.160
Oh, you see us every day.

04:45.420 --> 04:48.860
Just to see my friends once more before I
leave.

04:48.960 --> 04:49.820
You're leaving Erfurt?

04:49.940 --> 04:51.500
Yeah, but not for another university.

04:51.860 --> 04:53.860
You're the best law student we have.

04:54.500 --> 04:54.740
Thanks.

04:55.540 --> 04:58.460
Where I'm going, I won't want these.

05:00.340 --> 05:01.420
Or this.

05:02.120 --> 05:03.080
Thank you, Martin.

05:03.620 --> 05:04.620
Or these.

05:10.060 --> 05:10.940
And this.

05:13.700 --> 05:14.620
Martin Luther!

05:16.840 --> 05:17.880
What are you doing?

05:18.140 --> 05:19.580
Four years' work for nothing?

05:19.700 --> 05:21.580
You... you can't just give up.

05:21.600 --> 05:23.560
I can't either, my dear Spartan.

05:23.740 --> 05:26.440
Some people are made for law and some
aren't.

05:27.080 --> 05:27.880
I'm not.

05:28.160 --> 05:29.540
Well, what will your father say?

05:29.560 --> 05:30.600
I know what he'll say.

05:30.720 --> 05:31.900
Well, I don't understand.

05:32.060 --> 05:34.220
Well, come on, Martin.

05:34.300 --> 05:35.220
Don't be so mysterious.

05:36.900 --> 05:38.420
This is a grand university.

05:39.260 --> 05:40.480
Law's a great profession.

05:40.600 --> 05:42.020
I couldn't ask for kinder friends.

05:42.400 --> 05:43.380
What more do you want?

05:44.520 --> 05:45.480
I don't know.

05:46.240 --> 05:47.320
There's something missing.

05:50.000 --> 05:53.140
The last thing I want to be is the
skeleton of my own beast.

05:54.000 --> 05:56.060
Let's just say I hope I'm doing right.

06:35.040 --> 06:40.420
Like so many others before him,
Martin Luther sought to make his peace

06:40.420 --> 06:44.740
with God in submission to the discipline
and authority of the Holy Church.

06:49.590 --> 06:53.570
Are you prepared, my son, to follow the
rules of the Augustinian order,

06:54.610 --> 06:59.990
to die to the self, the world,
the flesh, to renounce family and friend,

07:00.770 --> 07:06.230
to suffer poverty, to mortify your body,
to be obedient to your superiors in all

07:06.230 --> 07:06.690
things?

07:07.930 --> 07:12.670
With the help of God, I am, insofar as
human frailty permits.

08:13.190 --> 08:19.550
Now a friar in the Augustinian order of
hermits, Brother Martin was bound by vows

08:19.550 --> 08:22.150
of poverty, chastity, and obedience.

08:48.300 --> 08:54.700
But strict adherence to monastic practice,
endless acts of penance to guard the angry

08:54.700 --> 08:58.820
judge, failed to bring peace to Martin
Luther's troubled soul.

09:50.820 --> 09:52.080
Brother Martin,

09:55.640 --> 09:59.400
you can't help your soul by punishing your
body.

10:15.450 --> 10:20.750
Two years after entering the monastery,
Brother Martin was ordained a priest.

10:22.470 --> 10:28.510
He now had the fearsome power to
consecrate bread and wine, transform it

10:28.510 --> 10:34.210
into the body and blood of Christ,
elevate the host, make the sacrifice,

10:35.010 --> 10:39.950
and say in the words of the Mass,
we offer unto thee the living,

10:40.510 --> 10:42.830
the true, the eternal God.

11:20.030 --> 11:24.450
Come brother, has Vicar General,
I've seen many a young priest falter in

11:24.450 --> 11:25.370
his first Mass.

11:26.030 --> 11:29.030
Dear Vicar, it was not a matter of mere
faltering.

11:29.850 --> 11:31.750
You don't need to tell me, I know.

11:32.510 --> 11:36.470
The closeness of the Holy Sacrament,
your fear of God.

11:37.030 --> 11:38.010
Father, your pardon.

11:39.290 --> 11:42.810
If it were merely fear of God,
I could still hope for his mercy.

11:43.510 --> 11:44.930
But this I shall never have.

11:45.350 --> 11:46.190
And why not?

11:49.130 --> 11:50.370
My sins, Father.

11:51.910 --> 11:55.750
Brother Martin, you have just come from
the Mass.

11:56.290 --> 11:59.310
The sacrifice for all sins you have
confessed.

12:01.030 --> 12:02.270
Or am I wrong?

12:02.710 --> 12:03.810
Is there anything more?

12:05.390 --> 12:06.290
Much more.

12:08.190 --> 12:09.650
Then make your confession.

12:15.090 --> 12:16.090
Bless me, Father.

12:17.510 --> 12:21.110
For I have sinned, and my sin is
unpardonable.

12:21.310 --> 12:24.210
That is for God to judge, not you,
my son.

12:24.210 --> 12:25.410
He has judged me already.

12:26.530 --> 12:27.270
He is God.

12:28.110 --> 12:28.870
He is holy.

12:29.930 --> 12:30.790
I am man.

12:31.290 --> 12:32.130
I am evil.

12:33.070 --> 12:34.790
And for this he condemns me.

12:36.490 --> 12:40.430
I've tried to think of him as a loving
Father, but can find only an angry judge.

12:41.610 --> 12:43.970
No matter what I do to seek him out,
he condemns me.

12:45.330 --> 12:47.190
How can I love such a God?

12:47.290 --> 12:47.890
But you do.

12:48.590 --> 12:50.070
You must love God.

12:50.070 --> 12:51.150
Father, I cannot.

12:52.910 --> 12:54.870
And this is my unpardonable sin.

12:55.890 --> 12:56.530
I cannot.

12:59.430 --> 13:00.150
Father...

13:20.240 --> 13:25.260
I'd like to expel him before he inflicts
the whole monastery with his restless

13:25.260 --> 13:25.840
mind.

13:26.580 --> 13:29.440
A searching mind, Briar, a questioning
one.

13:31.440 --> 13:33.900
But the Church is still the only answer.

13:34.640 --> 13:39.960
In the accumulated wisdom of our faith,
he'll find the peace he's looking for.

13:40.840 --> 13:41.680
My solution.

13:42.960 --> 13:45.560
From now on, back to his studies for
Brother Martin.

13:46.120 --> 13:48.420
Scripture, theology, teaching and
preaching.

13:49.660 --> 13:53.860
We'll keep him so busy, he'll have no time
for the troubles of his soul.

13:54.820 --> 14:01.300
Good Briar, you lose one monk,
but when he finally discovers his peace in

14:01.300 --> 14:01.900
Christ...

14:02.580 --> 14:05.320
the Church will gain a champion.

14:43.080 --> 14:44.720
The Church knows best.

14:46.060 --> 14:51.040
You see, God in his infinite wisdom never
allows us to stray too far.

14:51.600 --> 14:53.360
I still have a long way to go,
Father.

14:53.540 --> 14:54.420
So do we all.

14:55.280 --> 14:56.440
And you leave tomorrow.

14:57.260 --> 14:57.580
Leave?

14:57.980 --> 14:58.600
Where am I going?

14:59.640 --> 15:01.160
Forgive my little joke, Brother.

15:01.600 --> 15:04.200
I've decided to send you on a mission in
my behalf.

15:05.000 --> 15:07.140
You're going to Rome, little brother,
Rome.

15:07.380 --> 15:07.820
Rome?

15:08.100 --> 15:10.260
It's a petition I'm sending to the Holy
See.

15:10.980 --> 15:12.500
You'll go with a brother monk.

15:13.020 --> 15:14.720
What about my studies, Father?

15:14.800 --> 15:17.500
This will do more for you than all the
studies in the world.

15:18.120 --> 15:20.740
There is so much to see, so much to do in
Rome.

15:21.940 --> 15:24.920
But the journey itself is an act of faith.

15:33.130 --> 15:38.510
The pilgrimage will not be an easy one,
but all good things are hard to attain.

15:49.330 --> 15:52.810
On the way you will have help from
cloisters of our order.

16:01.760 --> 16:09.540
Then, after mountains and cold and snow,
there will be the sun of Italy.

16:11.900 --> 16:16.580
And you will see before you the Holy City.

16:26.180 --> 16:30.980
You must not fail to hear a mass before
the altar of St. John in Lateran.

16:36.720 --> 16:40.040
Set in a certain wall, you will see two
crosses.

16:41.640 --> 16:46.200
Behind one, the relics of Peter.

16:47.320 --> 16:50.780
Behind the other, of Paul.

16:51.700 --> 16:57.140
An act of faith performed there relieves
your soul of 17,000 years in flames.

17:00.580 --> 17:05.680
Be sure to see one of the 30 pieces of
silver for which Christ was betrayed,

17:06.200 --> 17:10.400
for it carries an indulgence of 14,000
years.

17:12.040 --> 17:18.460
And the scarlet sanctum, the very stairs
that Jesus climbed in the palace of

17:18.460 --> 17:19.480
Pontius Pilate.

17:20.780 --> 17:26.240
And our Father said on each step earns
nine years indulgence.

17:27.340 --> 17:32.060
And on the step where Christ fell,
you will see a silver cross.

17:33.080 --> 17:37.260
For that step, a double indulgence.

17:40.540 --> 17:44.360
And if you are fortunate, you may see with
your own eyes the Holy Father,

17:45.080 --> 17:48.440
Julius II, the Supreme Pontiff.

18:06.120 --> 18:09.580
Yes, there is so much for the Christian to
see and do.

18:10.380 --> 18:11.780
In Holy Rome.

18:16.250 --> 18:22.630
Late in March 1511, five months after he
had started out for Rome, Brother Martin

18:22.630 --> 18:24.850
returned to the Augustinian Monastery.

18:52.690 --> 18:55.130
The Lord is with thee.

18:55.590 --> 18:58.370
In thee, Lord, I hope, and in your
justice, set me free.

18:59.370 --> 19:03.290
In thee, Lord, I hope, and in your
justice, set me free.

19:03.670 --> 19:07.610
If only some of our people, all of our
people, could realize that in this psalm,

19:07.610 --> 19:11.750
David is telling us, in thee, O Lord,
I trust, in thy righteousness,

19:11.970 --> 19:12.570
deliver me.

19:13.090 --> 19:16.670
If only everybody could understand these
words, how much better they would

19:16.670 --> 19:18.110
understand God's righteousness.

19:19.050 --> 19:21.630
And what, dear brother, is God's
righteousness?

19:26.150 --> 19:30.450
Well, exactly what Scripture says,
Father, that it delivers and does not

19:30.450 --> 19:31.330
merely judge.

19:32.410 --> 19:35.030
Rather, an interesting interpretation of
Scripture.

19:36.050 --> 19:37.590
Did you learn that in Rome?

19:37.590 --> 19:39.810
Not that I recall, Father Pryor.

19:40.190 --> 19:42.170
From your studies of the Church Fathers?

19:42.510 --> 19:42.890
No.

19:44.070 --> 19:44.670
Your own?

19:45.490 --> 19:47.350
To the best of my knowledge, yes.

19:48.010 --> 19:50.730
There is only one proper interpretation of
Scripture.

19:51.210 --> 19:52.990
That which the Church has established.

19:54.030 --> 19:57.290
What if Scripture were in the hands of
common man?

19:57.970 --> 20:02.510
For every pot boy and swineherd to read in
his own language and interpret for

20:02.510 --> 20:02.850
himself.

20:03.530 --> 20:03.990
What then?

20:04.390 --> 20:06.590
Why, then we might have more Christians,
Father.

20:08.230 --> 20:10.470
Latin has served the Church for centuries.

20:11.150 --> 20:13.970
Latin was good enough for St. Jerome and
St. Augustine.

20:14.610 --> 20:16.610
And Latin will have to be good enough for
you and me.

20:16.930 --> 20:17.930
And every other Christian.

20:18.830 --> 20:19.610
Yes, Father.

20:45.860 --> 20:48.820
Now you can say you've seen the great
Professor Luther.

20:50.760 --> 20:51.240
Spalletti.

20:59.570 --> 21:00.050
Spalletti.

21:01.090 --> 21:01.730
A priest.

21:02.210 --> 21:03.470
Four years now.

21:04.370 --> 21:05.090
And you were right.

21:05.090 --> 21:08.010
Some are made for the law and some aren't.

21:08.390 --> 21:09.530
What are you doing here?

21:09.730 --> 21:11.810
Tutoring those boys you saw just now.

21:12.630 --> 21:14.230
Nephews of our elector, Duke Frederick.

21:14.410 --> 21:15.150
Good for you.

21:15.430 --> 21:16.150
That's not all.

21:16.330 --> 21:19.230
I'm the Duke's secretary as well.

21:19.970 --> 21:23.950
Before I recommended this university for
them, I made sure that you were here at

21:23.950 --> 21:24.330
Erfurt.

21:26.270 --> 21:28.550
At least, for the present.

21:28.990 --> 21:30.190
What do you mean, for the present?

21:30.190 --> 21:35.530
Well, Duke Frederick's always looking for
good professors for his new university.

21:35.670 --> 21:37.010
Little Wittenberg, huh?

21:37.010 --> 21:37.610
Well, it'll grow.

21:40.050 --> 21:40.610
Martin.

21:41.910 --> 21:43.010
How are you?

21:43.550 --> 21:45.130
As you see me, dear Spalletti.

21:45.170 --> 21:49.910
I see a man whose learning is an ornament
to his church.

21:51.270 --> 21:53.930
Whose name is beginning to be known in
high places.

21:55.090 --> 21:57.210
But what I really want to know is...

21:57.210 --> 22:01.350
Have you found what you were looking for?

22:04.090 --> 22:06.230
I wish I could answer that I had.

22:07.250 --> 22:08.050
All this.

22:08.450 --> 22:08.850
Surely.

22:09.250 --> 22:11.170
All this, I have here.

22:11.730 --> 22:13.590
And I can pour it out from here.

22:14.930 --> 22:16.110
But here, Spalletti.

22:16.490 --> 22:17.130
Here.

22:18.250 --> 22:18.890
Not yet.

22:24.390 --> 22:30.290
In the town of Wittenberg, Duke Frederick
the wise and pious elector of Saxony had

22:30.290 --> 22:35.490
founded a new school hoping its scholastic
prestige would rival and perhaps surpass

22:35.490 --> 22:37.270
the famous University of Leipzig.

22:38.150 --> 22:38.590
Perfect.

22:40.830 --> 22:43.310
But a good professor is just as hard to
find.

22:44.250 --> 22:45.650
There's only one Erasmus.

22:46.130 --> 22:47.090
But Oxford has him.

22:47.950 --> 22:49.270
Only one John Eck.

22:50.010 --> 22:51.170
And he's at Ingolstadt.

22:52.230 --> 22:56.190
And our little Wittenberg University is
just eleven years old.

22:56.190 --> 22:58.290
How can we attract the Erasmuses?

22:59.130 --> 22:59.650
Yes.

22:59.970 --> 23:02.110
To stay here with us in Saxony.

23:02.570 --> 23:05.890
Your Grace, Wittenberg is already a center
of biblical scholarship.

23:06.690 --> 23:08.510
Thanks to your enlightened rule.

23:09.130 --> 23:12.530
And to such men as Dr. Karlstadt,
Dr. Amsdorff.

23:12.710 --> 23:13.750
And yourself, good vicar.

23:14.210 --> 23:16.270
No, we are not ashamed of our university.

23:16.510 --> 23:17.430
Far from it.

23:18.350 --> 23:19.910
We'd like to Leipzig yet.

23:21.050 --> 23:23.370
May you shall have your new professor of
theology.

23:23.370 --> 23:27.830
Duke Frederick, we have a man in mind who
would be a credit to us all in...

23:27.830 --> 23:30.750
in scholarship, in knowledge of scripture.

23:31.570 --> 23:34.050
In scripture above all, yes.

23:35.590 --> 23:38.330
For I want a man to serve the castle
church as a pastor.

23:38.970 --> 23:40.690
And the university as a professor.

23:40.690 --> 23:45.210
A learned man for my people's minds.

23:46.190 --> 23:49.950
A pious man for my people's souls.

23:51.090 --> 23:51.550
This one?

23:51.550 --> 23:53.030
Two hundred, your Grace.

23:54.350 --> 23:56.490
Always the best for my university.

23:58.010 --> 23:59.590
For my church.

24:25.310 --> 24:27.410
Dominus regis me.

24:30.470 --> 24:32.690
Et nihil me.

24:33.090 --> 24:39.150
And so in 1511, Luther came to Wittenberg
to be a teacher, student of scripture,

24:39.630 --> 24:40.630
and parish priest.

24:53.810 --> 24:58.690
Within another year, the priest of the
castle church received his degree as

24:58.690 --> 24:59.730
doctor of theology.

25:00.590 --> 25:06.010
As a doctor of theology, I promise to do
all I can to promote the welfare of the

25:06.010 --> 25:06.570
university.

25:07.850 --> 25:09.790
I promise to defend holy scripture.

25:10.930 --> 25:17.570
And I swear not to teach vain and foreign
doctrines which are condemned by the

25:17.570 --> 25:20.370
church and offend the ears of the pious.

25:21.290 --> 25:26.970
I further swear to uphold and maintain the
privileges and liberties of the

25:26.970 --> 25:29.790
theological faculty to the best of my
ability.

25:30.650 --> 25:33.330
So help me God and the holy gospels.

25:34.230 --> 25:34.590
Amen.

25:59.040 --> 25:59.980
Open them up.

26:00.240 --> 26:00.900
Open them up.

26:01.160 --> 26:02.440
Welcome, dear vicar, welcome.

26:02.440 --> 26:06.180
Ah, brother Martin, wait till you see my
harvest from the lowlands.

26:06.960 --> 26:10.360
For the glory of our church and the souls
of our people.

26:24.170 --> 26:26.330
Four fragments of Saint Jerome.

26:33.320 --> 26:35.180
And two of Saint Chrysostom.

26:47.450 --> 26:51.370
From the veil sprinkled with the blood of
the Savior.

27:07.090 --> 27:11.430
A morsel of the very bread eaten at the
last supper.

27:31.210 --> 27:38.030
And this is a nail driven into our Lord's
dear hands.

27:40.010 --> 27:43.310
A fragment of the true cross.

27:49.000 --> 27:51.620
A fragment of the true cross.

27:58.660 --> 27:59.420
Give me the list.

28:03.460 --> 28:09.720
With these and all the others I have
brought, if a pilgrim were to venerate

28:09.720 --> 28:14.700
every single relic in our church,
he would be forgiven of his time in

28:14.700 --> 28:15.400
purgatory.

28:16.560 --> 28:25.440
1,902,202 years plus 270 days.

28:25.940 --> 28:27.080
Glory be to God.

28:27.640 --> 28:28.400
Amen.

28:31.640 --> 28:35.040
Now, brother Martin...

29:05.980 --> 29:08.740
You don't think much of my acquisitions,
doctor.

29:10.100 --> 29:11.680
I'm not sure that Christ does.

29:12.860 --> 29:16.620
Dear vicar, I wish I could be the kind of
Christian that sees and hears,

29:16.820 --> 29:18.820
believes and worships and there's an end
of it.

29:19.120 --> 29:21.860
Dr. Luther, relics are not an end in
themselves.

29:23.000 --> 29:27.680
They're merely symbols of the holy men and
women whose sanctity enables them to

29:27.680 --> 29:30.400
intercede in our behalf before God.

29:30.740 --> 29:31.820
Symbols, it's true.

29:32.280 --> 29:34.140
But is the symbol replacing the meaning?

29:34.780 --> 29:36.380
Is the meaning itself lost?

29:36.560 --> 29:39.820
If it is, dear vicar, and I say if,
then we are lost.

29:40.000 --> 29:41.060
Lost and damned.

29:58.370 --> 30:00.130
This is a symbol too.

30:01.570 --> 30:05.390
But is it God's supreme gift of his only
son we adore?

30:06.110 --> 30:10.310
Or is it the splinters of the wood,
the rust of the nails that we worship?

30:10.710 --> 30:14.910
The crucifix makes the agony of Christ
more vivid for the simple Christian.

30:16.250 --> 30:19.870
The little peasant with his prayer to
Saint Christopher for safe journey.

30:20.350 --> 30:22.330
The poor widow with her tiny Madonna.

30:22.970 --> 30:25.710
The soldier going into battle with his
rosary.

30:25.710 --> 30:31.190
Yes, even the Duke with his noble gifts to
Christ's church.

30:32.150 --> 30:34.330
Would you take all these away?

30:36.030 --> 30:43.230
Doctor, you people's priest, you cannot
afford to shatter their faith by tearing

30:43.230 --> 30:45.010
away its visible supports.

30:45.830 --> 30:49.030
As their priest responsible to God for
their souls, can I afford not to?

30:50.330 --> 30:52.410
Symbols to inspire devotion, yes.

30:53.110 --> 30:55.310
But crutches to uphold a tottering faith?

30:57.030 --> 31:00.190
Doctor, whence all this sudden doubt?

31:00.410 --> 31:04.410
This is no sudden doubt, but a growing
certainty.

31:05.610 --> 31:08.070
Dear vicar, what little certainty I have
you gave to me.

31:09.010 --> 31:12.110
You heard my sin, you sent me to Rome to
fortify my faith.

31:12.630 --> 31:14.710
You sent me to scripture to find my God.

31:15.590 --> 31:18.190
You brought me here to Wittenberg to
preach his word.

31:19.030 --> 31:23.870
And here in my room, I've been preparing
my lectures on the epistles of St. Paul to

31:23.870 --> 31:24.310
the Romans.

31:24.590 --> 31:27.130
And here, I think I have found the truth
at last.

31:27.750 --> 31:31.750
And when I found it, it was as though the
gates of heaven were open to me.

31:32.250 --> 31:33.610
Romans 1.17

31:38.110 --> 31:39.390
Justitiae nimdei.

31:41.050 --> 31:45.890
Justitiae nimdei, for the righteousness of
God is revealed from faith to faith.

31:46.690 --> 31:50.110
As it is written, the just shall live by
faith.

31:51.630 --> 31:52.230
And so?

31:52.530 --> 31:56.170
Worthy vicar, do we find anything here of
relics?

31:57.070 --> 31:59.570
By faith man lives and is made righteous.

32:00.010 --> 32:01.510
Not by what he does for himself.

32:02.170 --> 32:06.990
Be it adoration of relics, singing of
masses, pilgrimages to Rome, purchase of

32:06.990 --> 32:08.150
pardon for his sins.

32:08.910 --> 32:12.830
But by faith in what God has done for him
already through his son.

32:13.110 --> 32:16.870
Dr. Martin, if you leave the Christian to
live only by faith.

32:17.730 --> 32:22.430
If you sweep away all good works,
all these glorious things you dismiss as

32:22.430 --> 32:23.230
mere crutches.

32:24.510 --> 32:26.250
What will you put in their place?

32:27.910 --> 32:28.430
Christ.

32:29.430 --> 32:32.630
Man only needs Jesus Christ.

32:56.580 --> 33:00.900
The just shall live by faith.

33:05.760 --> 33:06.760
Alone.

33:18.040 --> 33:18.560
Alone.

33:22.740 --> 33:29.180
In Rome at this time ruled Pope Leo X,
a Medici, the second son of Lorenzo the

33:29.180 --> 33:29.800
Magnificent.

33:31.160 --> 33:36.380
His predecessor, Julius II, had laid the
foundation stone of St. Peter's Cathedral.

33:37.080 --> 33:40.660
And the new pontiff was determined to make
it the most magnificent church in

33:40.660 --> 33:41.140
Christendom.

33:42.700 --> 33:47.460
Pope Leo, a lover of the arts,
exhausted the Vatican's wealth by his

33:47.460 --> 33:48.460
lavish expenditure.

33:49.200 --> 33:54.100
To replenish the treasury, Leo arranged
for a wider sale of indulgences.

33:54.560 --> 33:57.220
Conferred cardinal's hats upon men who
could pay.

33:57.800 --> 34:00.340
And offered archbishoprics to the highest
bidder.

34:02.180 --> 34:07.940
In 1517, young Prince Albert of
Brandenburg, who was already bishop of two

34:07.940 --> 34:12.640
German provinces, sent his brother to Rome
to arrange for a third appointment.

34:14.740 --> 34:19.220
Your Holiness will see clearly by this map
of Germany what my brother wishes.

34:20.300 --> 34:23.700
This area, Your Holiness, remains to be
assigned.

34:24.900 --> 34:26.760
These he already holds.

34:27.700 --> 34:29.680
Your brother must be quite rich.

34:31.880 --> 34:37.840
As for us, you Germans imagine us to be as
wealthy as Croesus?

34:38.760 --> 34:40.300
But it is not so.

34:41.040 --> 34:42.420
Not so at all.

34:43.360 --> 34:47.880
On the contrary, how we are to pay
Michelangelo for the Sistine Chapel,

34:48.060 --> 34:48.840
we do not know.

34:49.880 --> 34:54.220
As for Master Raphael, we owe him
thousands already.

34:56.200 --> 35:03.620
But God has given us the papacy,
let us employ it for his glory and enjoy

35:03.620 --> 35:05.500
it while we live.

35:06.600 --> 35:10.920
I am determined to leave Rome more
glorious than I found it.

35:11.840 --> 35:16.120
And this shall be the most precious jewel
in her crown.

35:20.440 --> 35:22.180
But back to our affairs.

35:23.680 --> 35:28.260
This petition of your brother,
suppose we do allow him to become

35:28.260 --> 35:29.700
Archbishop of Mainz.

35:30.400 --> 35:32.580
What arrangements can be made?

35:33.480 --> 35:36.880
Ten thousand ducats, Your Holiness,
is as much as I am empowered to

35:36.880 --> 35:37.440
contribute.

35:37.440 --> 35:40.240
Shall we say, rather, twelve thousand?

35:41.220 --> 35:44.880
A thousand ducats for each of the twelve
Apostles.

35:46.160 --> 35:53.020
Your Holiness, with all proper respect,
there are but seven deadly sins.

35:54.000 --> 35:55.580
Seven thousand ducats, therefore.

35:55.680 --> 35:56.860
Ten thousand, then.

35:57.740 --> 36:01.080
A thousand for each of the ten
Commandments.

36:03.480 --> 36:05.560
My brother will be most pleased.

36:05.560 --> 36:07.140
As well he might be.

36:09.100 --> 36:14.440
First, we granted him the Archbishopric of
Magdeburg when he was well underage.

36:15.220 --> 36:20.260
Then, a dispensation to hold a second
benefice, the Archbishopric of

36:20.260 --> 36:20.880
Halberstadt.

36:21.600 --> 36:28.380
And now, with this, we confirm him in a
third, a triple benefice, so that he

36:28.380 --> 36:33.360
becomes, in addition to the other two,
Archbishop of Mainz.

36:44.780 --> 36:47.500
Our paternal blessing to your brother.

36:48.460 --> 36:49.840
We grant his petition.

36:51.200 --> 36:56.900
And accept his contribution to the
treasury of Christ's Church.

36:58.240 --> 37:04.200
Provided, Your Holiness, provided that is,
that he promulgates throughout the German

37:04.200 --> 37:07.600
lands our special jubilee indulgence.

37:07.600 --> 37:13.780
The proceeds of which shall be divided
between your brother's treasury and mine.

37:14.160 --> 37:17.340
Equally, Your Holiness, equally.

37:19.260 --> 37:23.580
Alejandro, I name you nuncio to Mainz to
arrange this blessing.

37:24.620 --> 37:29.900
Let the indulgence be drawn up in terms
somewhat broader than ordinarily.

37:30.680 --> 37:36.900
For it gives our beloved Germans the
privilege of helping to build St. Peter's

37:36.900 --> 37:37.380
Cathedral.

38:00.900 --> 38:08.440
Now, my good people, this is no ordinary
indulgence.

38:09.440 --> 38:14.180
This will build St. Peter's Cathedral in
Rome.

38:15.100 --> 38:23.340
And you will share in every mass that is
said from now till doomsday.

38:24.320 --> 38:27.340
Here, in the Pope's own Latin...

38:32.720 --> 38:36.180
What does that mean?

38:37.800 --> 38:41.680
Full forgiveness for all sins.

38:42.320 --> 38:45.620
Absolution from all punishments.

38:46.400 --> 38:48.540
No confession necessary.

38:48.540 --> 38:53.680
Valid even for your loved ones in
purgatory.

38:55.020 --> 39:04.540
For who would see his mother in flames
when, with a piece of silver, he can set

39:04.540 --> 39:05.220
her free?

39:06.200 --> 39:16.400
For as soon as the money clinks in the
chest, the soul flies up to heavenly rest.

39:18.700 --> 39:20.540
Trouble not, good people.

39:21.200 --> 39:23.480
Come, follow them.

39:25.600 --> 39:26.840
Come, good people.

39:32.380 --> 39:32.800
Willie.

39:33.720 --> 39:34.560
Oh, Nance.

39:35.400 --> 39:36.520
Look at me.

39:36.960 --> 39:37.460
Oh, aye.

39:38.780 --> 39:42.220
Oh, good Father Martin.

39:42.900 --> 39:44.020
Good Father Martin.

39:44.940 --> 39:45.380
Who?

39:45.380 --> 39:49.160
You see how you feel about good Father
Martin after you've been to confession.

39:49.660 --> 39:53.220
Ah, I don't have to make no confessions.

39:54.100 --> 39:54.560
No.

39:55.860 --> 39:59.000
My sins are always forgiven.

39:59.740 --> 40:00.200
Forever.

40:00.780 --> 40:01.460
Who says so?

40:02.440 --> 40:03.780
Pope himself.

40:13.370 --> 40:14.630
Where'd you get this?

40:15.810 --> 40:16.990
Across the river.

40:16.990 --> 40:20.050
I paid good money for it.

40:23.170 --> 40:23.990
Tetzel.

40:25.670 --> 40:29.630
So help me God, and I'll put a hole in his
drum.

40:36.960 --> 40:42.560
But indulgences must be dispensed with
authority and rightly so.

40:43.560 --> 40:55.020
Therefore, when indulgences are abused,
peddled, bartered, sold, this is not

40:55.020 --> 40:55.740
salvation.

40:56.660 --> 40:59.280
This is damnation of souls.

41:00.600 --> 41:02.600
And I do not refer to Tetzel alone.

41:03.420 --> 41:10.600
Well, I know that our own good prince,
Duke Frederick, has long held a special

41:10.600 --> 41:12.580
indulgence for this castle church.

41:14.260 --> 41:20.340
But God is no respecter of persons,
and we must serve God, not man.

41:22.020 --> 41:29.500
Therefore, my people, I tell you,
our Lord Jesus Christ, by coming on earth,

41:30.180 --> 41:37.060
by suffering and dying, has already paid
for our salvation forever.

41:37.500 --> 41:46.480
How then can any mortal man, monk,
prince, or pope, extort a further payment?

41:49.260 --> 41:55.100
My beloved, you cannot buy God's mercy.

41:57.300 --> 41:58.080
Amen.

42:03.040 --> 42:08.940
Oh, I must remind you that a part of your
contribution falls due next Friday for the

42:08.940 --> 42:11.340
purchase of a freshened cow for the
cloister.

42:21.150 --> 42:22.370
My compliments, Vicar.

42:22.910 --> 42:23.770
Beautifully done.

42:24.450 --> 42:26.430
This will be a festival to remember.

42:28.650 --> 42:29.570
Spell it in.

42:33.480 --> 42:34.920
How did the sermon go?

42:35.740 --> 42:36.780
That depends, Your Grace.

42:37.520 --> 42:40.620
Vicar, did you know that Dr. Luther was
going to preach against indulgences?

42:40.800 --> 42:41.780
No, Spell it in.

42:41.980 --> 42:44.280
But I knew he had certain misgivings about
relics.

42:44.660 --> 42:46.300
What are his objections to relics?

42:46.300 --> 42:50.840
I'm not familiar with those, Your Grace,
but I do know that Dr. Luther has been

42:50.840 --> 42:55.760
disturbed about the abuse of indulgences,
a representative of the Archbishop of

42:55.760 --> 42:56.240
Mainz...

42:56.240 --> 42:56.860
Ketzel!

42:57.260 --> 42:58.240
Luther is right.

42:58.700 --> 43:02.600
I ordered Ketzel to remain out of my
territories with his letters of pardon,

43:02.660 --> 43:03.820
and the Archbishop agreed.

43:04.120 --> 43:05.820
Ketzel's kept his bargain, sir.

43:06.500 --> 43:09.080
But our Wittenbergers have been crossing
the river to him.

43:09.080 --> 43:11.340
We'll put a stop to that.

43:12.040 --> 43:15.540
Let them buy their indulgences at All
Saints and keep good sacks and money right

43:15.540 --> 43:15.880
here.

43:16.520 --> 43:22.260
Your Grace, I'm afraid that Dr. Luther is
questioning the sale of all indulgences,

43:22.340 --> 43:23.320
including our own.

43:27.220 --> 43:28.860
Upon what grounds?

43:30.320 --> 43:34.080
That the sale of indulgences is not
supported by scripture, Your Grace.

43:34.720 --> 43:39.380
Of all the times, right upon the eve of
All Saints Festival.

43:39.380 --> 43:44.760
Your Grace, as Dr. Luther's superior,
I feel sure I can hold him in check.

43:46.320 --> 43:50.220
If I was certain that Dr. Luther's
doctrines were injuring the souls of my

43:50.220 --> 43:52.940
people, I would not hesitate for a moment
to have you interfere.

43:54.280 --> 43:56.400
But... how can I be sure?

43:59.360 --> 44:02.360
Who am I to silence a priest of God?

44:08.210 --> 44:08.890
No.

44:10.610 --> 44:15.070
Let Luther write, preach, argue,
debate.

44:15.930 --> 44:20.170
If he is right, God will not let his truth
go unheard.

44:20.690 --> 44:24.290
If he is wrong, it will all come to
nothing.

44:25.470 --> 44:32.230
Whatever he does, I know that it will be
as a good and faithful priest of God.

44:56.040 --> 44:59.180
Are you... are you certain you know what
you're doing?

44:59.740 --> 45:00.120
Spallatin.

45:00.740 --> 45:03.620
For centuries, men have tried to discover
the truth through debate.

45:03.800 --> 45:04.800
That's all I'm doing.

45:04.980 --> 45:08.740
Has it occurred to you that you may debate
yourself out of your pulpit, your

45:08.740 --> 45:09.980
university, your church?

45:10.220 --> 45:10.600
Nonsense!

45:11.760 --> 45:14.240
You talk as though I was going to preach
riot and insurrection.

45:14.420 --> 45:16.800
You know as well as I do that Tetzel goes
much too far.

45:17.160 --> 45:17.180
Tetzel?

45:17.720 --> 45:20.900
Your quarrel isn't with Tetzel,
it's with those behind him, the Archbishop

45:20.900 --> 45:21.440
of Mainz.

45:21.440 --> 45:21.980
That's true!

45:23.000 --> 45:26.280
And I'll send a copy to His Excellency,
the Archbishop of Mainz.

45:26.740 --> 45:30.120
Doctor, whether you are right or wrong on
indulgences is not for me to say,

45:30.160 --> 45:32.700
but they're part of our church.

45:33.720 --> 45:39.380
Many, many before you have preached reform
of one kind or another, Valdus,

45:39.480 --> 45:41.880
Wycliffe, Savonarola, Huss, and to what
end?

45:42.660 --> 45:45.960
The church stands, and always will.

45:47.440 --> 45:48.060
Savonarola?

45:48.440 --> 45:48.720
Huss?

45:50.320 --> 45:50.940
Ashes.

45:51.940 --> 45:55.000
Spallatin, find someone else to scare.

45:55.360 --> 45:56.990
All the willful, stubborn...

45:57.440 --> 45:59.600
Call me what you will, but leave me in
peace.

46:00.120 --> 46:06.040
Spallatin, I've no better friend than you,
but you've no right to ask, even out of

46:06.040 --> 46:09.300
regard for my safety, that I should stop
searching out God's truth.

46:21.580 --> 46:28.420
Dear Lord Jesus Christ, and this,
as in all undertakings, not my will,

46:28.460 --> 46:29.400
but thine, be done.

46:30.360 --> 46:30.760
Amen.

46:44.300 --> 46:49.620
Wittenberg, the eve of All Saints Day,
October 31st, 1517.

46:51.120 --> 46:56.020
Martin Luther was scarcely noticed as he
passed by those waiting to worship before

46:56.020 --> 46:58.580
the relics about to be displayed in the
castle church.

47:12.060 --> 47:16.680
Nailing a notice to the door of the church
was not unusual, for this was the

47:16.680 --> 47:20.580
customary place to post announcements of
both university and public events.

47:28.590 --> 47:33.790
Among those waiting to be forgiven and
blessed, none could know that this

47:33.790 --> 47:37.310
document would become one of the most
widely read in all history.

47:43.510 --> 47:45.030
Just something in Latin.

48:07.380 --> 48:13.020
Thus did Martin Luther put forth his 95
theses, intended to be read and debated

48:13.020 --> 48:14.360
only by scholars.

48:15.680 --> 48:19.860
Word of their content created an immediate
demand for more and more reprints.

48:29.680 --> 48:31.080
...

48:31.080 --> 48:33.860
...

48:33.860 --> 48:41.080
It is not easy to repent to the Pope,
even for a man, to be redeemed from the

48:41.080 --> 48:47.080
slander, from the slander, or certainly
from the arduous questions of the people.

48:48.420 --> 48:54.320
Every Christian who feels true repentance
for his sins has perfect forgiveness of

48:54.320 --> 48:57.840
both punishment and sin without the need
of indulgence.

48:58.800 --> 49:05.000
Indulgences are nets where withdrawn
fishes for rich man's wealth.

49:07.600 --> 49:15.980
Vain is the hope of salvation through
indulgences, even if the Pope himself were

49:15.980 --> 49:17.580
to pledge his own soul for them.

49:20.800 --> 49:24.040
Printers had the theses translated into
the language of the people.

49:25.580 --> 49:28.220
Within weeks they were the talk of all
Germany.

49:28.900 --> 49:31.320
Within months all Christendom was on fire.

49:34.120 --> 49:38.880
It is better to give to the poor than to
buy an indulgence.

49:40.520 --> 49:44.140
Ah, my Lord Archbishop, translate it for
everybody to read.

49:44.740 --> 49:46.980
Is it any wonder my sails have fallen off?

49:50.240 --> 49:52.840
And what do you want us to do about it,
Tetzel?

49:54.700 --> 49:56.600
Give me three weeks, Your Eminence.

49:56.960 --> 49:59.020
I'll turn the people against him as a
heretic.

49:59.680 --> 50:05.220
I'll burn his books, and I'll burn him
too, and scatter his ashes on the Elbe.

50:12.810 --> 50:17.410
You won't burn, Luther, and neither will
I.

50:20.050 --> 50:24.930
From his obedient servant, the Archbishop
of Mainz, to our Holy Father in Rome.

50:25.930 --> 50:31.410
The true treasure of the Church is the
Holy Gospel of the glory and grace of God.

50:32.410 --> 50:37.890
Why, therefore, does not the Pope empty
purgatory out of pure Christian charity?

50:39.270 --> 50:41.490
What drunken German wrote those?

50:41.690 --> 50:44.250
Martin Luther, a monk of the Augustinians.

50:45.510 --> 50:50.150
So this is your clever scholar,
your fine theologian.

50:50.490 --> 50:52.910
Scholastic differences, Your Holiness.

50:52.910 --> 50:54.910
Subversive doctrines, in my opinion.

50:55.470 --> 50:59.630
The important thing is, what difference
has it made to our indulgence for St.

50:59.750 --> 50:59.890
Peter?

51:02.290 --> 51:07.330
This, before the publication of the
theses, and now.

51:13.070 --> 51:18.650
Della Volta, as procurator of the
Augustinians, I wish you would undertake

51:18.650 --> 51:23.270
to restrain this Martin Luther,
who is unsettling matters in Germany by

51:23.270 --> 51:24.670
preaching new doctrines.

51:26.970 --> 51:28.990
Let us have no trouble in Germany.

51:32.520 --> 51:37.420
For the first time in a hundred years,
a German has told Rome where to get off.

51:38.740 --> 51:43.180
There's Luther writing, knocking the
Pope's crown off.

51:44.140 --> 51:47.340
There's the Duke, sitting up there,
listening to Luther.

51:47.820 --> 51:49.340
But you see that goose down there?

51:49.760 --> 51:50.660
Know what that means?

51:51.780 --> 51:58.160
Yes, Huss, John Huss, who got himself
burned to ashes for trying to clean up

51:58.160 --> 51:58.460
Rome.

51:59.280 --> 52:01.280
You see what they are trying to do to us?

52:01.860 --> 52:04.820
Here comes a German to lead us against
Roman tyranny.

52:05.300 --> 52:09.300
And they are trying to make him out a
heretic, just like John Huss.

52:11.980 --> 52:15.380
What kind of rebellious beast do you
Germans breed up here?

52:15.600 --> 52:16.720
I'd burn him outright.

52:17.100 --> 52:17.880
Enough from you.

52:17.880 --> 52:21.880
Go back to your monastery and do penance
for the damage you've done.

52:37.650 --> 52:42.430
May I remind you that I came from Rome to
deal with Luther, not Tetzel.

52:43.270 --> 52:44.150
What about this?

52:44.730 --> 52:48.990
Your Eminence, I think our learned Dr. Eck
can answer your question.

52:50.710 --> 52:56.310
Noble Aleander, with all due respect,
your Eminence thinks only of the affront

52:56.310 --> 52:57.250
to the Holy Father.

52:58.590 --> 53:01.950
But surely you've noticed the goose in
this rather clever picture.

53:02.890 --> 53:06.750
John Huss, the heretic, tried,
condemned, burned at the stake,

53:07.490 --> 53:09.210
linked in the common mind with Luther.

53:10.590 --> 53:14.930
Wittenberg, by this time, was widely
regarded as a stronghold of Luther's

53:14.930 --> 53:15.330
followers.

53:16.430 --> 53:21.070
Despite threats of banishment,
excommunication and imprisonment,

53:21.770 --> 53:26.530
Martin Luther, throughout two stormy
years, had continued to compare church

53:26.530 --> 53:29.130
doctrines and practices with Holy
Scripture.

53:32.570 --> 53:33.990
Master Melanchthon.

53:35.950 --> 53:37.630
I owe you my apologies.

53:38.050 --> 53:39.430
My apologies, Dr. Luther.

53:40.090 --> 53:41.510
I did you an injustice.

53:42.410 --> 53:45.550
When you first came to Wittenberg,
I was doubtful of your learning.

53:46.370 --> 53:48.890
But your disputation last night proved me
wrong.

53:50.330 --> 53:52.430
I'm glad you joined our faculty.

53:52.870 --> 53:53.890
You're very generous.

53:55.010 --> 53:57.710
I'll tell you what, I'll strike a bargain
with you.

53:58.270 --> 54:02.710
You teach me Greek and Hebrew,
and I'll tell you all the theology I know.

54:03.110 --> 54:05.050
Doctor, I've already begun to study under
you.

54:05.250 --> 54:06.410
I've read all your writings.

54:06.770 --> 54:07.270
Dr. Luther!

54:09.430 --> 54:10.930
Dr. Luther, good news.

54:11.130 --> 54:12.330
Dr. Karlstadt, what is it?

54:12.390 --> 54:14.190
I've been invited to debate at Leipzig.

54:14.450 --> 54:14.910
To debate?

54:15.090 --> 54:16.490
Yes, to defend our thesis.

54:16.890 --> 54:17.250
You?

54:18.250 --> 54:19.710
Am I tongue-tied?

54:20.590 --> 54:24.570
For a year and a half, I've waited to be
heard, to make my own defense of my own

54:24.570 --> 54:25.190
doctrines.

54:25.490 --> 54:26.370
One moment, Doctor.

54:26.830 --> 54:27.690
I am your senior.

54:28.430 --> 54:31.330
When you were still a mere novice,
I was a doctor of theology, questioning

54:31.330 --> 54:33.130
indulgences long before you.

54:34.230 --> 54:36.650
You should be glad to have me defend your
work against Eck.

54:36.670 --> 54:36.970
Eck?

54:37.110 --> 54:37.610
John Eck?

54:37.950 --> 54:39.130
Yes, what about him?

54:39.850 --> 54:41.790
I'll tear you to shreds!

54:43.390 --> 54:48.130
I've read your propositions, and there's
not one of the whole 406 that'll hold

54:48.130 --> 54:48.470
water.

54:48.950 --> 54:52.610
I grant you may have started before me,
Dr. Karlstadt, but this time you've bitten

54:52.610 --> 54:53.750
off more than you can chew.

54:53.870 --> 54:54.910
Dr. Luther, I'm...

54:54.910 --> 54:55.650
Good doctors.

54:56.050 --> 54:57.250
That's not the only point.

54:58.010 --> 55:00.550
May I ask how the debate comes to be at
Leipzig?

55:00.730 --> 55:01.190
What of it?

55:01.650 --> 55:03.030
The university's history.

55:03.410 --> 55:05.130
It was founded by followers of Hus.

55:05.470 --> 55:08.590
Eck will surely try to associate your
doctrines with those of Hus.

55:08.590 --> 55:08.970
Hus?

55:09.930 --> 55:11.430
That was a hundred years ago.

55:11.810 --> 55:16.030
John Eck and I could have hammered the
truth out of this once and for all time.

55:17.250 --> 55:21.530
Eck, the one theologian in all Germany I'd
give my right hand to stand up to.

55:22.250 --> 55:23.370
Karlstadt, you'll need help.

55:23.450 --> 55:24.010
I'm coming with you.

55:24.310 --> 55:24.950
You're not invited.

55:25.250 --> 55:26.390
I invite myself.

55:26.550 --> 55:27.510
You have no safe conduct.

55:27.650 --> 55:28.230
You cannot go.

55:30.510 --> 55:37.130
I said Dr. Karlstadt, safe conduct to
Leipzig together with other members of his

55:37.130 --> 55:37.670
party.

55:38.650 --> 55:42.090
Master Melanchthon, will you also accept
Dr. Karlstadt's invitation?

55:50.870 --> 55:55.510
Martin Luther journeyed to hostile Leipzig
in the company of his two most ardent

55:55.510 --> 55:56.050
supporters.

55:56.050 --> 56:01.550
Andreas Karlstadt, learned but impetuous,
and Philip Melanchthon, a young scholar

56:01.550 --> 56:04.250
destined to become one of the foremost
leaders of the Reformation.

56:33.960 --> 56:40.280
Worthy fathers, in answer to the
proposition of the learned Dr. Eck,

56:40.760 --> 56:43.440
in the dispute with the Pelatians...

56:43.440 --> 56:43.940
I object.

56:46.920 --> 56:51.820
I object to continuing the discussion if
the learned Dr. Karlstadt is to resort

56:51.820 --> 56:53.920
constantly to his library.

56:54.600 --> 56:55.180
But...

56:56.460 --> 56:57.240
But...

57:08.750 --> 57:12.870
Is my opponent aware that a precedent has
been established?

57:14.350 --> 57:19.570
St. Augustine consulted books in debate
against the Manichaeans.

57:20.250 --> 57:21.530
I withdraw my objection.

57:22.050 --> 57:26.930
It is the sense of this body that
sufficient argument has been heard on both

57:26.930 --> 57:27.810
sides.

57:29.090 --> 57:30.570
Dr. Martin Luther.

57:32.710 --> 57:37.810
Embodied in Dr. Karlstadt's propositions
are many of your own doctrines.

57:38.430 --> 57:41.330
If you so desire, these may be debated
here.

57:46.560 --> 57:51.740
Worthy masters, esteemed Dr. Eck,
I do so desire.

57:56.960 --> 57:59.340
In the name of our Lord, Amen.

58:01.380 --> 58:05.680
Out of reverence for the supreme pontiff
and the Roman Church...

58:05.680 --> 58:11.360
I would have preferred to take no part in
the discussion which cannot but lead to

58:11.360 --> 58:13.400
disunity within the ranks of the faithful.

58:14.760 --> 58:20.480
But out of respect for the truth,
I repeat, it was not upon St. Peter that

58:20.480 --> 58:22.900
Christ founded the Church, but upon
himself.

58:23.500 --> 58:27.200
But my dear doctor, many authorities
disagree with you.

58:27.200 --> 58:30.300
Capectus, Scotus, Peter Lombard,
for instance.

58:30.540 --> 58:33.640
To say nothing of Cyprian and Nazianzus?

58:33.920 --> 58:35.240
Yes, doctor, they do.

58:35.960 --> 58:38.500
But my authority disagrees with all of
them.

58:38.740 --> 58:40.060
And who is that authority?

58:41.260 --> 58:42.160
St. Paul.

58:43.500 --> 58:48.480
For no other foundation can man lay than
that which is laid, even Jesus Christ.

58:49.220 --> 58:53.620
But doctor, these attacks upon the Pope
cannot help but bring disunity upon the

58:53.620 --> 58:53.940
Church.

58:54.100 --> 58:55.200
That is not my intention.

58:55.200 --> 58:57.060
But the effect is the same as if it were.

58:57.780 --> 59:01.040
In fact, it is common knowledge that your
doctrines are approved by those who have

59:01.040 --> 59:02.180
already split the Church.

59:02.260 --> 59:02.700
Name them.

59:02.760 --> 59:03.720
The followers of Huss.

59:03.740 --> 59:04.880
The Hussites are wrong.

59:07.220 --> 59:11.420
But I confess I find much that is
acceptable to Christ among their

59:11.420 --> 59:12.120
doctrines.

59:13.480 --> 59:14.360
Such as?

59:18.320 --> 59:19.360
Such as this.

59:20.400 --> 59:23.320
There is only one universal Church.

59:24.280 --> 59:25.200
Or this.

59:26.000 --> 59:30.800
It is not necessary for salvation to be
subject to a Roman Pope.

59:31.200 --> 59:31.740
What, doctor?

59:32.700 --> 59:34.420
That is the heart of the heresy.

59:35.220 --> 59:37.020
That is exactly what Huss said.

59:37.380 --> 59:39.460
It doesn't matter who said it,
it is the truth.

59:41.600 --> 59:45.940
Martin Luther, do you think you are the
only one who knows the truth?

59:47.620 --> 59:49.420
I will tell you what I think.

59:50.620 --> 59:52.800
I have the right to believe freely.

59:52.800 --> 59:56.100
To be a slave to no man's authority.

59:56.740 --> 01:00:02.060
To confess what appears to me to be true,
whether it is proved or disapproved.

01:00:02.160 --> 01:00:05.300
Whether it is spoken by Catholic or by
heretic.

01:00:05.760 --> 01:00:07.700
Then you deny the authority of the Pope.

01:00:08.560 --> 01:00:15.400
In matters of faith, I think that neither
council nor Pope nor any man has power

01:00:15.400 --> 01:00:16.600
over my conscience.

01:00:16.600 --> 01:00:23.810
And where they disagree with Scripture,
I deny Pope and council and all.

01:00:25.100 --> 01:00:30.100
A simple layman armed with Scripture is
greater than the mightiest Pope without

01:00:30.100 --> 01:00:30.400
it.

01:00:30.600 --> 01:00:32.740
Heresy, doctor Luther, heresy!

01:00:33.060 --> 01:00:33.440
Heresy!

01:00:35.460 --> 01:00:36.820
So be it.

01:00:37.760 --> 01:00:39.760
It is still the truth.

01:01:10.780 --> 01:01:14.260
So a layman with Scripture is better than
the Pope.

01:01:16.000 --> 01:01:19.980
And you do not care whether a doctrine is
Catholic or heretic as long as it suits

01:01:19.980 --> 01:01:20.240
you?

01:01:21.500 --> 01:01:23.260
Doctor Luther, this is too much.

01:01:23.840 --> 01:01:25.340
What you wish me to do, father?

01:01:25.480 --> 01:01:27.040
Stop attacking Rome.

01:01:27.640 --> 01:01:28.160
Immediately.

01:01:28.980 --> 01:01:29.500
Permanently.

01:01:29.780 --> 01:01:31.040
I'm not attacking Rome.

01:01:31.820 --> 01:01:34.400
I'm only trying to find the answer to
certain questions.

01:01:34.820 --> 01:01:36.260
Who are you to question Rome?

01:01:37.540 --> 01:01:38.840
I order you to stop.

01:01:40.640 --> 01:01:42.520
Until I've tried out the truth,
I cannot.

01:01:43.820 --> 01:01:44.760
You refuse?

01:01:44.760 --> 01:01:46.800
You disobey me?

01:01:47.520 --> 01:01:48.260
I must.

01:01:48.920 --> 01:01:49.880
Forgive me, father.

01:01:50.320 --> 01:01:50.660
Forgive?

01:01:54.230 --> 01:01:55.030
Leave us.

01:02:09.720 --> 01:02:11.980
I cannot forgive you, brother Martin.

01:02:15.370 --> 01:02:17.310
Instead, I release you.

01:02:19.210 --> 01:02:23.850
Of everything that ties your hand and
binds your tongue from now on,

01:02:24.690 --> 01:02:27.970
I release you from obedience to your vows.

01:02:27.970 --> 01:02:31.450
The holy vows of the Augustinians.

01:02:32.350 --> 01:02:38.550
Lest you bring disgrace upon your order,
as you have brought dissension to your

01:02:38.550 --> 01:02:39.130
church.

01:02:40.790 --> 01:02:45.510
You remain a priest, but you are no longer
my monk.

01:02:54.900 --> 01:02:56.540
Oh, Martin, Martin.

01:02:57.580 --> 01:03:00.480
I see nothing ahead of you but the cross.

01:03:09.540 --> 01:03:11.860
May God have mercy on your soul.

01:03:13.800 --> 01:03:16.000
And on those who follow your preaching.

01:03:18.780 --> 01:03:19.940
Try as I may.

01:03:21.900 --> 01:03:22.980
I cannot.

01:03:59.050 --> 01:04:03.070
The time to keep silent has passed,
and the time to speak has come.

01:04:03.750 --> 01:04:08.210
The nobility of our land must set itself
against the Pope as a common enemy and

01:04:08.210 --> 01:04:08.750
destroyer.

01:04:09.330 --> 01:04:12.530
We have the name of empire, but the Pope
is all that is ours.

01:04:13.150 --> 01:04:16.530
Let him give us back our liberty,
honor, body and soul.

01:04:16.530 --> 01:04:19.490
And let your holiness smile compared with
this.

01:04:20.430 --> 01:04:22.450
Freedom from the tyranny of Rome.

01:04:25.190 --> 01:04:27.710
Every man his own priest before God.

01:04:34.480 --> 01:04:36.520
Now we shall do some writing.

01:04:37.160 --> 01:04:39.520
Draw up a condemnation of this man.

01:04:40.440 --> 01:04:44.200
We shall see how his faith stands up
against a papal decree.

01:04:45.300 --> 01:04:48.000
Your holiness, we presume to prepare a
draft.

01:04:53.580 --> 01:04:54.700
Excergue Domine.

01:04:55.860 --> 01:04:58.220
Arise, O Lord, and judge thy cause.

01:04:59.120 --> 01:05:01.060
A wild boar invades thy vineyards.

01:05:02.060 --> 01:05:03.100
Arise, O Peter.

01:05:03.720 --> 01:05:04.880
Arise, O Paul.

01:05:05.460 --> 01:05:06.520
Arise, ye saints.

01:05:07.380 --> 01:05:09.160
Arise, thou church universal.

01:05:09.620 --> 01:05:13.380
We can no longer suffer this serpent to
creep through the fields of the Lord.

01:05:14.340 --> 01:05:18.760
The books of Martin Luther, containing his
errors, are to be sought out and burned by

01:05:18.760 --> 01:05:19.340
the Inquisitor.

01:05:19.340 --> 01:05:26.380
As for Martin Luther himself, dear God,
what office of paternal love have we

01:05:26.380 --> 01:05:28.840
omitted to recall him from his errors?

01:05:29.840 --> 01:05:35.860
Now, therefore, we give him sixty days to
retract his writings.

01:05:38.880 --> 01:05:44.460
And failing such retraction, he shall
stand under our anathema and

01:05:44.460 --> 01:05:45.340
excommunication.

01:05:47.960 --> 01:05:52.540
And be it hereby finally known that
whatsoever person shall aid or help the

01:05:52.540 --> 01:05:58.980
said Martin Luther, that person shall be
subject with him to our excommunication

01:05:58.980 --> 01:06:00.100
and anathema.

01:06:00.700 --> 01:06:07.460
And will stand together with him under the
wrath of Almighty God and the apostles

01:06:07.460 --> 01:06:08.840
Peter and Paul.

01:06:10.060 --> 01:06:14.380
Signed Leo and sealed with the Pope's own
seal.

01:06:18.680 --> 01:06:20.180
Sixty days.

01:06:20.660 --> 01:06:21.580
When are they up?

01:06:21.720 --> 01:06:22.100
Tomorrow.

01:06:30.920 --> 01:06:34.880
Wittenberg, the night of December 10th,
1520.

01:06:35.600 --> 01:06:45.920
Rome, because you have destroyed the truth
of God, let God destroy you in the

01:06:45.920 --> 01:06:45.920
evening.

01:06:45.940 --> 01:06:46.720
He is blamed.

01:07:27.050 --> 01:07:32.230
What kind of mad dogs are you?

01:07:32.330 --> 01:07:34.210
Is this how you use your Christian
freedom?

01:07:35.330 --> 01:07:39.950
If God wants to topple idols, he will
strike them down himself.

01:07:41.460 --> 01:07:43.250
This is still a house of God.

01:07:54.440 --> 01:08:00.320
The Lord deliver me from my enemies and
from my friends.

01:08:03.180 --> 01:08:05.720
I'm always Latin, I understand one thing.

01:08:06.760 --> 01:08:09.300
You want us to seize Luther and turn him
over to you.

01:08:09.800 --> 01:08:11.320
That is our commission.

01:08:13.340 --> 01:08:16.740
His Holiness wants Dr. Luther in Rome.

01:08:17.040 --> 01:08:17.620
For trial?

01:08:18.460 --> 01:08:19.540
That will not be necessary.

01:08:20.320 --> 01:08:22.300
He's already been condemned in the Pope's
decree.

01:08:22.300 --> 01:08:25.600
What will

01:08:28.990 --> 01:08:29.510
you do then?

01:08:31.010 --> 01:08:31.890
Put him to torture?

01:08:32.250 --> 01:08:34.870
We need not go to such extremes.

01:08:35.790 --> 01:08:38.290
The mercy of His Holiness, Your Grace.

01:08:38.490 --> 01:08:41.690
Do you

01:08:45.070 --> 01:08:46.610
know Erasmus of Rotterdam?

01:08:49.550 --> 01:08:52.030
All the world knows the learned Erasmus.

01:08:53.090 --> 01:08:55.410
Erasmus, have you read Martin Luther's
writings?

01:08:55.670 --> 01:08:56.690
Some part, Your Grace.

01:08:56.930 --> 01:08:57.650
And what is your opinion?

01:08:58.670 --> 01:09:03.110
This monk should have his trial before
judges of various universities.

01:09:04.110 --> 01:09:05.650
Nevertheless, he cannot win.

01:09:06.170 --> 01:09:07.410
He's in the wrong then, Master.

01:09:09.270 --> 01:09:10.470
In what points?

01:09:11.290 --> 01:09:12.290
In two, Aleander.

01:09:13.590 --> 01:09:15.850
One, he has attacked the crown of the
Pope.

01:09:16.570 --> 01:09:21.150
And two, he has attacked the bellies of
the monks, both grave and unforgivable

01:09:21.150 --> 01:09:21.570
sins.

01:09:23.990 --> 01:09:28.550
Your Grace, I did not come from Rome to
joke with scholars.

01:09:28.930 --> 01:09:31.730
In the name of the Holy Father,
will you deliver this heretic?

01:09:32.130 --> 01:09:35.190
Noble Aleander, let us be reasonable.

01:09:36.290 --> 01:09:40.350
I have seen Martin Luther only once and I
am not familiar with his writings.

01:09:40.930 --> 01:09:44.230
Nor do I follow his preachings as many of
my loyal subjects do.

01:09:44.830 --> 01:09:49.830
But I know him as a man of strong
convictions, learning, fear of God.

01:09:49.830 --> 01:09:54.030
Yet even if he were a common thief,
I could not hand him to you to be dragged

01:09:54.030 --> 01:09:54.990
to Rome in chains.

01:09:55.630 --> 01:09:57.990
No, do not misunderstand me.

01:09:59.130 --> 01:10:01.510
It is not Luther the man who is important.

01:10:02.450 --> 01:10:08.270
It is a principle that a man accused shall
have a fair trial before his own

01:10:08.270 --> 01:10:08.950
countrymen.

01:10:10.730 --> 01:10:12.610
Luther is my subject, Aleander.

01:10:13.390 --> 01:10:16.610
And as he owes me loyalty, I owe him
protection.

01:10:17.410 --> 01:10:19.710
I can do no less as a Christian and a
prince.

01:10:20.870 --> 01:10:25.010
I suggest, therefore, that we bring this
cause before the Diet.

01:10:25.810 --> 01:10:29.950
And let it be decided in that parliament
what shall be done with Luther.

01:10:41.990 --> 01:10:48.330
In the spring of 1521, Luther made his
journey to the city of Worms to appear

01:10:48.330 --> 01:10:51.730
before the Diet, the parliamentary
assembly of the German states.

01:11:25.720 --> 01:11:31.680
Worms Waiting in Worms was the sign of the
House of Habsburg, Lord of Austria,

01:11:32.140 --> 01:11:35.680
Burgundy, the Low Countries, Naples and
Spain.

01:11:36.360 --> 01:11:40.900
Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire and
defender of the Holy Church.

01:11:41.420 --> 01:11:44.100
His Catholic Majesty, Charles V.

01:11:44.900 --> 01:11:46.620
I summon him for a trial.

01:11:49.260 --> 01:11:51.380
Yet he comes like a conqueror.

01:11:54.920 --> 01:11:56.960
Are you certain you haven't made a
mistake?

01:11:57.260 --> 01:11:59.880
Your Majesty, how he enters is of no
importance.

01:12:00.400 --> 01:12:01.720
How he answers is.

01:12:02.120 --> 01:12:03.980
We must give him no opportunity for
speeches.

01:12:05.680 --> 01:12:09.140
Will Your Majesty approve our procedure of
interrogation?

01:12:12.620 --> 01:12:14.160
You have his books?

01:12:14.940 --> 01:12:15.920
Yes, Your Majesty.

01:12:17.060 --> 01:12:18.220
All of them.

01:12:41.680 --> 01:12:45.660
Dr. Luther, you will say nothing until you
are questioned.

01:12:54.990 --> 01:13:03.050
Martin Luther, his sacred and invincible
Majesty has cited you before his throne to

01:13:03.050 --> 01:13:04.270
answer certain questions.

01:13:05.550 --> 01:13:08.730
Two in number and only two.

01:13:10.250 --> 01:13:14.570
The first question, do you admit these are
your writings?

01:13:17.620 --> 01:13:19.660
Yes, they are mine.

01:13:20.560 --> 01:13:25.840
His Imperial Majesty's second question
then is will you, Martin Luther,

01:13:25.980 --> 01:13:27.460
persist in what you have written?

01:13:28.760 --> 01:13:33.440
Or are you prepared to retract these
writings and the beliefs they contain?

01:13:34.980 --> 01:13:41.440
Most gracious Emperor, princes,
lords, I came here prepared for debate,

01:13:41.800 --> 01:13:42.940
not for interrogation.

01:13:43.520 --> 01:13:46.020
Dr. Luther, reply to the question.

01:13:47.560 --> 01:13:51.280
Will you or will you not recant what you
have written?

01:13:52.260 --> 01:13:54.340
I do not understand this procedure.

01:13:55.560 --> 01:13:56.140
Recant?

01:13:57.140 --> 01:13:58.740
Am I not to be heard?

01:13:58.940 --> 01:14:00.940
You have heard His Majesty's question.

01:14:02.000 --> 01:14:03.500
He is waiting for your answer.

01:14:06.060 --> 01:14:07.020
My answer?

01:14:08.940 --> 01:14:12.740
You should not ask me to deny in one
moment the work of many years...

01:14:12.740 --> 01:14:13.300
Dr. Luther!

01:14:13.720 --> 01:14:18.200
Therefore, most gracious Majesty,
I beg you, give me time.

01:14:19.100 --> 01:14:20.960
Give me more time!

01:14:30.110 --> 01:14:33.050
His gracious Majesty grants your request.

01:14:34.610 --> 01:14:39.830
You will return to this same place
tomorrow, prepared to answer.

01:15:20.120 --> 01:15:21.640
Hear me, Father.

01:15:22.700 --> 01:15:24.420
Hear my prayer.

01:15:26.380 --> 01:15:29.180
Thou hast given me thy cause to defend
here.

01:15:30.200 --> 01:15:32.600
Thy precious word to uphold.

01:15:34.240 --> 01:15:40.620
Thou hast entrusted my brothers,
thy dear children, into my hands.

01:15:42.080 --> 01:15:43.640
These unworthy hands.

01:15:46.760 --> 01:15:47.940
Thou art my shield.

01:15:49.540 --> 01:15:50.600
Thou art my fortress.

01:15:52.980 --> 01:15:56.620
Let it be granted to me, Master,
in my hour of need.

01:15:57.860 --> 01:15:59.420
What word to say for it?

01:16:01.740 --> 01:16:03.200
In Jesus' name.

01:16:04.860 --> 01:16:05.440
Amen.

01:16:23.410 --> 01:16:24.450
Dr. Luther!

01:16:30.370 --> 01:16:33.030
Yesterday you admitted these writings were
yours.

01:16:34.590 --> 01:16:40.470
Will you tell us now, do you persist in
what you have written here, or are you

01:16:40.470 --> 01:16:44.570
prepared to retract these writings and the
beliefs they contain?

01:16:53.140 --> 01:16:56.800
I ask pardon if I lack the manners that
befit this court.

01:16:57.720 --> 01:17:01.800
I was not brought up in king's palaces,
but in the seclusion of a cloister.

01:17:03.300 --> 01:17:08.580
I am asked to retract these writings,
but they are of different kinds.

01:17:09.700 --> 01:17:12.220
In some I discuss faith and good works.

01:17:12.320 --> 01:17:16.600
If I were to retract these, I should be
denying accepted Christian truths.

01:17:17.980 --> 01:17:25.900
In others, I attack potpourri and assail
men who have afflicted the Christian world

01:17:25.900 --> 01:17:29.040
and ruined the bodies and souls of other
men.

01:17:30.120 --> 01:17:35.860
If I were to retract those, I should be
like a cloak that covers evil.

01:17:38.820 --> 01:17:40.320
Most serene emperor.

01:17:41.080 --> 01:17:45.300
Illustrious princes, noble lords,
I am only a man and not God.

01:17:46.280 --> 01:17:51.380
But I must defend myself as did Jesus
Christ when he said, as I say now,

01:17:51.900 --> 01:17:54.940
if I have spoken evil, bear witness
against me.

01:17:57.540 --> 01:17:59.960
Martin Luther, you have not yet answered
the question.

01:18:00.860 --> 01:18:02.300
Give us a simple answer.

01:18:03.240 --> 01:18:06.300
Will you recant, or will you not?

01:18:10.320 --> 01:18:12.200
You asked for a simple answer.

01:18:14.600 --> 01:18:15.840
Here it is.

01:18:18.420 --> 01:18:25.800
Unless you can convince me by Scripture
and not by popes or councils who have

01:18:25.800 --> 01:18:32.620
often contradicted each other,
unless I am so convinced that I am wrong,

01:18:32.740 --> 01:18:36.400
I am bound to my beliefs by the texts of
the Bible.

01:18:38.100 --> 01:18:42.460
My conscience is captive to the word of
God.

01:18:43.460 --> 01:18:49.960
To go against conscience is neither right
nor safe.

01:18:51.440 --> 01:19:00.220
Therefore, I cannot and I will not recant.

01:19:03.900 --> 01:19:05.640
Here I stand.

01:19:08.690 --> 01:19:10.490
I can do no other.

01:19:11.990 --> 01:19:13.110
God help me.

01:19:14.630 --> 01:19:14.910
Amen.

01:19:19.860 --> 01:19:24.100
Who is this monk to go against the church
and against me?

01:19:25.200 --> 01:19:28.260
I should have seized him right then and
there and had him!

01:19:31.700 --> 01:19:33.380
Yet he was under my safe conduct.

01:19:34.060 --> 01:19:35.400
I could not go back on my word.

01:19:35.960 --> 01:19:40.520
Your illustrious majesty, may I say that
not even an emperor need keep his oath to

01:19:40.520 --> 01:19:41.040
a heretic.

01:19:50.870 --> 01:19:52.290
21 days we give him.

01:19:54.010 --> 01:19:59.110
After that, his book shall be wiped from
the memory of man.

01:20:00.090 --> 01:20:04.430
His followers, whoever they may be,
shall be condemned.

01:20:07.010 --> 01:20:11.850
And this Luther himself, he shall be under
our curse.

01:20:14.150 --> 01:20:17.210
No man shall harbor him, no man protect
him.

01:20:18.970 --> 01:20:25.570
I declare him hereby outlaw, free to be
hunted, free to be seized by anyone,

01:20:26.090 --> 01:20:26.590
anywhere.

01:20:30.420 --> 01:20:32.080
Then to be done to death at will.

01:21:43.140 --> 01:21:47.560
On the journey back to Wittenberg,
when armed horsemen spirited Martin Luther

01:21:47.560 --> 01:21:52.700
away, few knew that this had been arranged
by Duke Frederick, who was fearful for

01:21:52.700 --> 01:21:53.400
Luther's safety.

01:22:55.920 --> 01:23:00.960
The Wartburg, a castle near Eisenach,
had been chosen as a refuge for the

01:23:00.960 --> 01:23:04.080
heretic, now condemned by Pope and
Emperor.

01:23:06.320 --> 01:23:11.560
During his ten months of exile,
Luther completed his translation of the

01:23:11.560 --> 01:23:12.120
New Testament.

01:23:13.480 --> 01:23:14.960
What language is this, sir?

01:23:15.440 --> 01:23:15.920
Greek?

01:23:16.840 --> 01:23:17.320
Yes.

01:23:18.800 --> 01:23:20.080
I don't know Greek.

01:23:20.780 --> 01:23:21.920
Don't you read at all?

01:23:22.320 --> 01:23:24.340
Oh, yes, sir, but only in our own
language.

01:23:27.760 --> 01:23:29.100
Look at this.

01:23:31.520 --> 01:23:34.260
I am the living bread which came down from
heaven.

01:23:34.880 --> 01:23:37.520
If any man eat of this bread, he shall
live forever.

01:23:38.260 --> 01:23:42.140
And the bread that I will give is my
flesh, which I will give for the life of

01:23:42.140 --> 01:23:42.600
the world.

01:23:44.040 --> 01:23:46.460
Those are the words of Jesus in the New
Testament.

01:23:47.760 --> 01:23:54.200
You see, our German larks can be made to
sing as sweetly as any Greek Latin or

01:23:54.200 --> 01:23:55.360
Greek nightingale.

01:23:58.900 --> 01:24:04.020
You have never realized that Luther was
more than a theologian with a few

01:24:04.020 --> 01:24:06.320
doctrinal differences between him and
Rome.

01:24:09.380 --> 01:24:10.980
He was the leader of a movement.

01:24:11.160 --> 01:24:13.400
Because he is gone, must the movement be
abandoned?

01:24:13.740 --> 01:24:15.520
Luther was a guide, not a leader.

01:24:16.060 --> 01:24:19.180
He wanted us to follow pure Christian
truth, not men.

01:24:19.600 --> 01:24:22.380
But Luther named a man to teach that
truth.

01:24:22.380 --> 01:24:23.600
Yourself, I suppose.

01:24:23.880 --> 01:24:25.520
No, you.

01:24:30.880 --> 01:24:33.640
Even before he left for Worms,
he told me.

01:24:34.300 --> 01:24:36.760
Carlstad, my life means nothing.

01:24:37.540 --> 01:24:42.500
I don't care what happens to me as long as
Melanchthon lives to carry on.

01:24:44.000 --> 01:24:45.480
Now, what have you done?

01:24:46.920 --> 01:24:49.640
I've taught, I've written, I've prayed.

01:24:50.560 --> 01:24:51.540
What more do you want?

01:24:52.120 --> 01:24:52.720
Actions.

01:24:52.720 --> 01:24:55.460
I am about to introduce certain reforms.

01:24:57.820 --> 01:24:59.600
You call this reform?

01:25:00.400 --> 01:25:01.360
What do you call it?

01:25:02.220 --> 01:25:02.780
Revolution.

01:25:06.820 --> 01:25:13.380
You wonder, brothers, how I dare appear to
you as a priest with none of the priestly

01:25:13.380 --> 01:25:14.100
robes.

01:25:15.860 --> 01:25:21.580
Believe me, you will see more surprising
things than these from me.

01:25:24.760 --> 01:25:28.800
For we are no longer bound by the rule of
Rome.

01:25:30.260 --> 01:25:32.960
Luther has smashed our shackles.

01:25:35.040 --> 01:25:38.680
Confessions, vestments, candles,
beads.

01:25:39.160 --> 01:25:40.680
We have no need of them.

01:25:41.280 --> 01:25:42.540
Down with them all.

01:25:44.040 --> 01:25:48.080
Nuns and friars, fast days and vigils.

01:25:48.720 --> 01:25:50.700
Down with these useless trimmings.

01:25:53.000 --> 01:25:56.260
Brothers, we need only faith.

01:25:57.680 --> 01:25:59.240
Our faith.

01:26:00.740 --> 01:26:03.040
We are on the march.

01:26:04.100 --> 01:26:08.020
And what stands in our way must go.

01:26:36.270 --> 01:26:38.850
How often must I tell you, my hands are
tied.

01:26:39.630 --> 01:26:41.350
The Pope's edict, the Emperor's ban.

01:26:42.230 --> 01:26:45.950
Duke Frederick wants him to stay hidden
until it's safe for him to show his face.

01:26:46.050 --> 01:26:48.110
Anyway, he'd approve of everything we've
done.

01:26:48.550 --> 01:26:48.810
We?

01:26:49.190 --> 01:26:50.770
Don't include me in what you've been
doing.

01:26:51.430 --> 01:26:52.550
Luther left the congregation.

01:26:52.910 --> 01:26:54.930
In ten months, you've turned it into a
mob.

01:26:54.930 --> 01:26:57.490
Must you persist in misunderstanding me?

01:26:58.050 --> 01:26:59.730
I'm trying to cleanse the church.

01:27:00.270 --> 01:27:01.410
The people want action.

01:27:01.830 --> 01:27:03.490
Am I to blame if they go too far?

01:27:03.550 --> 01:27:05.250
If they go too far, who leads them on?

01:27:05.330 --> 01:27:06.730
At least I have done something.

01:27:06.830 --> 01:27:07.850
I beg you both.

01:27:08.750 --> 01:27:09.850
Let us have peace.

01:27:10.750 --> 01:27:12.310
We all seek the same goal.

01:27:12.970 --> 01:27:14.010
The kingdom of God.

01:27:15.010 --> 01:27:16.510
Can we not work toward it together?

01:27:23.110 --> 01:27:24.230
What would you like, sir?

01:27:24.790 --> 01:27:25.630
My pulpit.

01:27:31.050 --> 01:27:31.530
Pardon.

01:27:32.130 --> 01:27:33.810
Who gave you permission to return?

01:27:34.030 --> 01:27:34.330
Nobody.

01:27:35.490 --> 01:27:36.770
Thank God you've come back.

01:27:36.930 --> 01:27:38.590
At last we'll have peace in Wittenberg.

01:27:38.830 --> 01:27:39.110
Peace?

01:27:39.870 --> 01:27:41.270
What have you done to bring it about?

01:27:41.670 --> 01:27:42.450
Any of you.

01:27:42.850 --> 01:27:43.330
Nothing.

01:27:46.590 --> 01:27:48.690
And as for you...

01:27:48.690 --> 01:27:52.270
After what you've brought about,
there isn't room for you in Wittenberg.

01:27:52.730 --> 01:27:53.970
Get out of my sight!

01:28:00.460 --> 01:28:02.140
As you wish, Dr. Luther.

01:28:27.090 --> 01:28:30.550
Our Lord Jesus Christ...

01:28:31.050 --> 01:28:34.170
is betrayed by what you have done here.

01:28:36.830 --> 01:28:39.690
How dare you destroy?

01:28:42.850 --> 01:28:48.570
When will you learn that even faith in
itself is not enough without love?

01:28:49.990 --> 01:28:52.790
When will you understand...

01:28:52.790 --> 01:28:57.870
that we must win brothers and sisters from
the other side with love...

01:28:57.870 --> 01:28:59.330
and not with force?

01:29:02.830 --> 01:29:05.990
You have laid hands upon the crucifix.

01:29:09.270 --> 01:29:14.890
How dare you defile something that might
help a man with his devotions?

01:29:16.390 --> 01:29:17.930
What about your faith?

01:29:17.930 --> 01:29:19.930
What about your love?

01:29:21.550 --> 01:29:22.930
I tell you...

01:29:23.450 --> 01:29:27.010
the fruit of the gospel is not only
righteousness...

01:29:27.010 --> 01:29:28.090
it is love.

01:29:31.110 --> 01:29:31.670
Christians...

01:29:32.710 --> 01:29:34.730
here is how I must use my freedom.

01:29:35.630 --> 01:29:37.930
I must give myself to my neighbor...

01:29:38.450 --> 01:29:41.390
as Jesus Christ in love gave himself to
me.

01:29:42.110 --> 01:29:45.930
I must do nothing in life that is not
needful to my neighbor...

01:29:45.930 --> 01:29:49.530
because through faith I have all that I
need myself.

01:29:50.590 --> 01:29:51.930
In this way...

01:29:52.890 --> 01:29:55.350
and in this way only...

01:29:55.350 --> 01:29:56.930
can I become a true son...

01:29:57.730 --> 01:29:58.970
of a gracious God.

01:30:02.190 --> 01:30:04.020
Following Luther's teaching and example...

01:30:04.770 --> 01:30:08.270
many monks and nuns left the sheltered
life of the cloister...

01:30:08.270 --> 01:30:10.490
to serve God and man out in the community.

01:30:11.110 --> 01:30:12.770
One of the former nuns...

01:30:12.770 --> 01:30:15.650
whom Luther helped to place as a governess
in a Wittenberg family...

01:30:16.490 --> 01:30:17.710
was Catherine von Bora.

01:30:19.210 --> 01:30:22.250
Honey, the other girls from the convent
caused as much trouble as you.

01:30:22.890 --> 01:30:24.430
Eight of them happily married.

01:30:26.090 --> 01:30:27.630
What's the matter with Dr. Armstrong?

01:30:28.190 --> 01:30:28.910
Oh, no.

01:30:29.190 --> 01:30:30.250
He gets too old.

01:30:30.590 --> 01:30:32.030
Well, Dr. Glass, then.

01:30:32.130 --> 01:30:32.650
Oh, no.

01:30:33.570 --> 01:30:34.590
Not Dr. Glass.

01:30:36.230 --> 01:30:37.610
Don't look at me like that.

01:30:38.690 --> 01:30:40.110
What you're thinking is out of the
question.

01:30:42.710 --> 01:30:44.310
I'm old enough to be your father.

01:30:44.390 --> 01:30:45.310
I don't suppose you knew that.

01:30:47.110 --> 01:30:47.510
Yes.

01:30:47.830 --> 01:30:48.850
I know, Dr. Luther.

01:30:50.110 --> 01:30:51.470
Well, that's not the point.

01:30:52.890 --> 01:30:54.390
You're forgetting a few things.

01:30:54.950 --> 01:30:56.750
Don't you realize they call me heretic?

01:30:57.490 --> 01:31:00.170
That I could be hanged from any tree,
burned at any stake...

01:31:00.170 --> 01:31:02.090
anywhere outside of the borders of Saxony?

01:31:02.850 --> 01:31:04.330
Yes, I know, Dr. Luther.

01:31:05.430 --> 01:31:08.730
And they'd have done it inside Saxony long
ago if it hadn't been for the Duke.

01:31:08.730 --> 01:31:10.850
May a soul rest in peace.

01:31:12.270 --> 01:31:17.350
No, a man with the Pope's ban and the
Emperor's curse hanging over his head is

01:31:17.350 --> 01:31:18.110
no man for you.

01:31:19.990 --> 01:31:21.630
We must find you another husband.

01:31:22.610 --> 01:31:23.770
Yes, Dr. Luther.

01:31:25.550 --> 01:31:29.410
Catherine Faubourg, do you take this man
to be your lawfully wedded husband?

01:31:30.090 --> 01:31:31.110
Yes, I do.

01:31:39.900 --> 01:31:41.400
Join your right hands.

01:31:42.120 --> 01:31:47.460
With this, your vow of love and faith,
I confirm your covenant as an indissoluble

01:31:47.460 --> 01:31:48.740
Christian marriage.

01:31:49.040 --> 01:31:51.520
In the name of the Father, Son,
and Holy Ghost.

01:31:51.940 --> 01:31:52.320
Amen.

01:32:00.150 --> 01:32:04.050
As more and more people understood the
meaning of Martin Luther's teachings,

01:32:04.890 --> 01:32:09.790
their support became so formidable that in
ever-widening sections of the Empire,

01:32:10.190 --> 01:32:13.470
it was impossible to enforce the Emperor's
edict against him.

01:32:14.290 --> 01:32:19.570
Luther did not intend to establish a new
church, but rather to rid of its man-made

01:32:19.570 --> 01:32:22.430
errors the one church in which he sought
to remain.

01:32:23.370 --> 01:32:28.050
He still hoped that the Roman Church would
recognize the supreme authority of

01:32:28.050 --> 01:32:28.410
Scripture.

01:32:29.230 --> 01:32:34.010
During these years, he questioned and he
wrote, he preached and he taught.

01:32:34.330 --> 01:32:37.210
Now, Kurt, let's see what you know.

01:32:41.800 --> 01:32:42.640
Closed books.

01:32:44.180 --> 01:32:45.500
I know what's in the book.

01:32:45.720 --> 01:32:46.480
Point is to you.

01:32:47.500 --> 01:32:48.720
What's the fifth commandment?

01:32:49.800 --> 01:32:51.140
Thou shalt not kill.

01:32:51.880 --> 01:32:52.740
You do know it.

01:32:57.860 --> 01:32:58.300
Gustav.

01:32:58.680 --> 01:32:59.660
Yes, Dr. Luther?

01:33:00.420 --> 01:33:01.300
What does that mean?

01:33:01.760 --> 01:33:05.860
We should fear and love God so that we do
our neighbor no bodily harm or cause him

01:33:05.860 --> 01:33:08.080
any sufferings, but help and befriend him
in every need.

01:33:08.080 --> 01:33:09.760
Did you think that out yourself?

01:33:10.120 --> 01:33:11.960
No, sir, that's what the catechism says.

01:33:12.160 --> 01:33:14.180
But that doesn't prove you know what the
commandment means.

01:33:15.000 --> 01:33:17.520
It's not enough just to know the words,
we must think them.

01:33:17.860 --> 01:33:18.800
Yes, Dr. Luther.

01:33:20.320 --> 01:33:22.420
Now, next week's lesson is much more
difficult.

01:33:23.420 --> 01:33:26.360
The sixth commandment and the meaning of
the second article of the Creed.

01:33:26.720 --> 01:33:27.580
All of it, sir?

01:33:27.800 --> 01:33:28.300
Yeah, all.

01:33:33.490 --> 01:33:34.290
Mmm, no.

01:33:36.170 --> 01:33:36.550
Aha.

01:33:36.550 --> 01:33:36.990
Hmm?

01:33:38.090 --> 01:33:42.630
I believe that Jesus Christ, true God,
begotten of the Father from eternity and

01:33:42.630 --> 01:33:48.070
also true man, born of the Virgin Mary,
is my Lord, who has redeemed me,

01:33:48.130 --> 01:33:53.030
a lost and condemned creature,
bought me and freed me from all sins,

01:33:53.410 --> 01:33:55.890
from death and the power of the devil.

01:33:58.290 --> 01:33:58.870
Class over.

01:34:02.050 --> 01:34:03.370
Run along, all of you.

01:34:03.590 --> 01:34:04.790
Next week, don't be late.

01:34:08.950 --> 01:34:14.110
In the 13 years since Martin Luther nailed
the theses on the door of the church at

01:34:14.110 --> 01:34:19.450
Wittenberg, the movement for reform gained
enormous momentum in a large part of

01:34:19.450 --> 01:34:19.770
Europe.

01:34:28.750 --> 01:34:35.210
At Augsburg in 1530 was the most important
of all attempts to achieve unity within

01:34:35.210 --> 01:34:36.150
the Roman Church.

01:34:36.150 --> 01:34:40.690
Duke Frederick was dead and had been
succeeded by his brother, John the

01:34:40.690 --> 01:34:41.290
Steadfast.

01:34:42.470 --> 01:34:46.950
The monk whose conscience had not
permitted him to recant was still an

01:34:46.950 --> 01:34:50.530
outlaw and could not be in Augsburg to
speak for himself.

01:34:52.270 --> 01:34:53.270
Sir Martin.

01:34:54.090 --> 01:34:54.390
Augsburg.

01:34:56.410 --> 01:34:58.370
They're all going to be at Augsburg but
me.

01:34:59.730 --> 01:35:01.810
Who stood before the emperor at Worms?

01:35:02.310 --> 01:35:03.530
Who stood beside me then?

01:35:03.930 --> 01:35:05.270
But now you're not alone.

01:35:05.830 --> 01:35:07.870
Half of Germany is at your side.

01:35:08.590 --> 01:35:10.290
Our new elector, Duke John.

01:35:10.830 --> 01:35:11.850
Prince Philip of Hesse.

01:35:12.070 --> 01:35:13.590
And shall I put my faith in princes?

01:35:14.270 --> 01:35:17.390
My dear Martin, your faith is in God.

01:35:18.210 --> 01:35:21.690
But when princes have put their faith in
God too and come to your side,

01:35:22.710 --> 01:35:24.270
even the emperor will have to listen.

01:35:24.510 --> 01:35:26.290
They speak a different language to mine.

01:35:27.210 --> 01:35:29.950
They speak as rulers, soldiers,
men of force.

01:35:30.590 --> 01:35:31.890
Less gently than you.

01:35:32.250 --> 01:35:33.870
I am not gentle.

01:35:33.870 --> 01:35:35.230
Oh, Martin.

01:35:40.250 --> 01:35:41.330
Well...

01:35:41.330 --> 01:35:45.370
I suppose we must wait...

01:35:45.370 --> 01:35:46.870
and hope...

01:35:47.850 --> 01:35:48.930
and trust...

01:35:50.210 --> 01:35:51.010
in God...

01:35:52.050 --> 01:35:53.070
and our friends...

01:35:55.770 --> 01:35:57.210
maybe even in princes.

01:36:02.120 --> 01:36:03.460
You are princes.

01:36:04.380 --> 01:36:05.580
I am a theologian.

01:36:06.580 --> 01:36:09.380
It is you who have been called here by the
emperor to declare your faith.

01:36:09.600 --> 01:36:10.220
Not ours.

01:36:10.440 --> 01:36:11.020
The Pope's.

01:36:11.060 --> 01:36:12.960
Our faith is that of Martin Luther.

01:36:13.160 --> 01:36:14.360
Luther should have come here.

01:36:14.760 --> 01:36:18.020
How could he, Prince Philip, when he
stands under the ban of the emperor?

01:36:18.120 --> 01:36:21.220
My brother, Duke Frederick, while he
lived, protected him in Saxony.

01:36:21.860 --> 01:36:24.200
With our united strengths, perhaps we
could...

01:36:24.200 --> 01:36:27.000
Duke John, I might be able to protect him
in Brandenburg.

01:36:27.480 --> 01:36:30.880
But even if all of us could protect him
here, would he be of any help?

01:36:31.220 --> 01:36:32.920
He's an uncompromising man.

01:36:33.300 --> 01:36:36.180
This dyad has been called by the emperor,
the invitation said.

01:36:36.580 --> 01:36:40.160
To see to it that one true religion be
held by all.

01:36:40.780 --> 01:36:43.660
That we shall all live in one common
church in unity.

01:36:44.420 --> 01:36:46.460
Luther's church or the church of Rome?

01:36:46.700 --> 01:36:47.040
Neither.

01:36:47.720 --> 01:36:49.200
The church of Jesus Christ.

01:36:49.760 --> 01:36:51.920
Make no mistake, good doctor.

01:36:52.500 --> 01:36:55.440
The emperor sees no difference between
Christ and Rome.

01:36:55.780 --> 01:36:59.140
If I know the emperor, his sudden passion
for unity is not religious.

01:37:00.080 --> 01:37:01.040
See if I'm not right.

01:37:01.640 --> 01:37:05.580
He will beg us to unite because he fears
an attack by the Turks.

01:37:05.580 --> 01:37:08.220
We ask only that Rome acknowledge the
truth.

01:37:08.800 --> 01:37:11.100
The truth the Bible teaches and Luther
preaches.

01:37:11.980 --> 01:37:15.140
I say our differences with Rome can be
composed.

01:37:15.600 --> 01:37:16.080
With whom?

01:37:16.220 --> 01:37:16.700
Through whom?

01:37:17.880 --> 01:37:20.720
I have arranged a meeting with Dr. Eck.

01:37:21.380 --> 01:37:22.400
Dr. John Eck.

01:37:23.300 --> 01:37:25.240
I know of you as a scholar, Dr. Menangten.

01:37:25.820 --> 01:37:27.820
I do not know your qualifications to
negotiate...

01:37:28.720 --> 01:37:32.060
or to compose differences which most of us
believe cannot be composed.

01:37:32.600 --> 01:37:35.300
Your Highness, forgive me if I differ,
but...

01:37:35.300 --> 01:37:38.840
Martin Luther himself chose Dr. Menangten
to speak for him.

01:37:39.340 --> 01:37:42.020
Then try with your Dr. Eck.

01:37:43.040 --> 01:37:47.780
But be sure it is Luther's doctrine you
present, not Rome's you surrender to.

01:37:48.300 --> 01:37:50.580
This heresy is spreading like the plague.

01:37:51.120 --> 01:37:53.380
Sweden, Denmark, Norway, France.

01:37:53.500 --> 01:37:56.000
You say nothing of Poland, Prussia and
Austria.

01:37:56.440 --> 01:37:59.600
Four hundred and four separate and
distinct heresies, Master Philip.

01:37:59.700 --> 01:38:00.640
Four hundred and four.

01:38:00.840 --> 01:38:02.560
Of which the emperor has been made well
aware.

01:38:02.560 --> 01:38:05.800
Martin Luther, the Church's enemy within
the Church.

01:38:06.160 --> 01:38:07.460
A false prophet of iniquity.

01:38:07.940 --> 01:38:09.760
He calls the Pope of Rome the Antichrist.

01:38:10.140 --> 01:38:11.640
The Catholic Church a harlot.

01:38:12.020 --> 01:38:13.500
The bishops worms and idols.

01:38:14.160 --> 01:38:15.680
Theologians he calls bats.

01:38:16.080 --> 01:38:17.600
Catholic princes louse his eggs.

01:38:18.400 --> 01:38:20.240
If he were here, we'd deal with him.

01:38:21.260 --> 01:38:23.100
Learned doctor, he is not here.

01:38:23.620 --> 01:38:25.800
And you do not have him to deal with.

01:38:25.900 --> 01:38:27.560
Ah, that, that impious...

01:38:28.240 --> 01:38:30.040
Name-calling aside, dear doctor.

01:38:30.040 --> 01:38:33.600
Surely we can reach some compromise that
will please the emperor.

01:38:34.100 --> 01:38:37.840
If a few things are smoothed over,
we can conclude peace.

01:38:38.560 --> 01:38:42.120
The whole trouble is about an
insignificant departure from custom.

01:38:42.560 --> 01:38:43.260
For example?

01:38:44.600 --> 01:38:47.840
Permit us to partake of both the bread and
the wine in the Lord's Supper.

01:38:48.420 --> 01:38:50.420
Permit the marriage of priests and of
monks.

01:38:50.920 --> 01:38:53.640
After all, do we not confess the same
creed?

01:38:53.640 --> 01:38:56.320
We believe in God the Father Almighty.

01:38:56.720 --> 01:38:58.020
Maker of heaven and earth.

01:38:58.420 --> 01:38:59.820
And in Jesus Christ.

01:39:00.180 --> 01:39:02.540
Chancellor Bruce, read that passage again.

01:39:03.940 --> 01:39:08.920
By common consent, our churches teach that
men are declared righteous before God and

01:39:08.920 --> 01:39:10.180
received into his favor.

01:39:10.940 --> 01:39:13.080
Not because of their own merits or works.

01:39:13.620 --> 01:39:18.420
But through faith in the sacrifice of
God's Son, fully atoning for the sins of

01:39:18.420 --> 01:39:18.860
the world.

01:39:19.320 --> 01:39:20.840
That sums up our belief.

01:39:20.840 --> 01:39:23.740
There's no need for each of our lands to
have its own confession.

01:39:24.360 --> 01:39:25.800
This can be read for all of us.

01:39:26.040 --> 01:39:29.080
Master Melanchthon wrote this only as the
confession of the churches in Saxony.

01:39:29.240 --> 01:39:31.220
Then let it be the confession of the
churches of Germany.

01:39:31.640 --> 01:39:32.500
What do you say, Prince Philip?

01:39:32.680 --> 01:39:34.160
I've already said I'd sign it.

01:39:34.700 --> 01:39:38.600
My Lords, might it not be better,
since this is a confession of faith,

01:39:39.000 --> 01:39:40.940
that only theologians put their names to
it?

01:39:41.480 --> 01:39:44.620
Do you think the emperor would listen to
theologians before the electors who put

01:39:44.620 --> 01:39:45.220
him on his throne?

01:39:45.420 --> 01:39:46.840
I was thinking of something quite
different.

01:39:47.320 --> 01:39:50.540
As statesman, you must consider what may
follow such a declaration from you.

01:39:50.840 --> 01:39:51.620
And what is that?

01:39:51.900 --> 01:39:53.420
It may split the church.

01:39:53.780 --> 01:39:55.940
I say the church is already split.

01:39:56.820 --> 01:39:58.860
You thought you could compose our
differences.

01:39:59.480 --> 01:40:00.300
But you couldn't.

01:40:00.600 --> 01:40:02.900
But it may divide the Holy Roman Empire.

01:40:03.400 --> 01:40:04.440
It may even end it.

01:40:04.540 --> 01:40:08.880
If freedom to follow our own faith cannot
exist within the empire, the empire cannot

01:40:08.880 --> 01:40:09.280
exist.

01:40:09.860 --> 01:40:12.900
And this emperor that we have put upon his
throne must learn that.

01:40:13.180 --> 01:40:14.600
There's another reason for fear.

01:40:15.420 --> 01:40:19.700
I have learned what is planned for us by
Rome, unless we return to the Roman

01:40:19.700 --> 01:40:20.180
church.

01:40:21.260 --> 01:40:25.760
We shall be exterminated by an
inquisition, as were the heretics in

01:40:25.760 --> 01:40:26.040
Spain.

01:40:26.440 --> 01:40:28.640
Still I will confess my Christ.

01:40:29.240 --> 01:40:31.740
I will keep to my beliefs...

01:40:32.960 --> 01:40:34.920
if it costs me my life.

01:40:37.040 --> 01:40:38.100
Give me the pen.

01:40:44.540 --> 01:40:49.580
Your graces, this confession of our
preachers and ourselves...

01:40:49.580 --> 01:40:53.620
sets forth the whole of our beliefs as
they have been preached in our lands and

01:40:53.620 --> 01:40:53.980
churches.

01:40:54.800 --> 01:40:57.720
This is the sum and substance of our
doctrines.

01:40:58.700 --> 01:41:03.320
Signed this day by John, Duke of Saxony,
Elector of the Holy Roman Empire.

01:41:04.020 --> 01:41:06.380
George, Margrave of Brandenburg,
Elector.

01:41:07.160 --> 01:41:08.380
Philip, Landgrave of Hesse.

01:41:08.960 --> 01:41:10.240
Prince Wolfgang of Anhalt.

01:41:10.780 --> 01:41:11.960
Duke Francis of Lüneburg.

01:41:12.640 --> 01:41:14.260
John Frederick, Duke of Saxony.

01:41:14.840 --> 01:41:15.980
Duke Ernest of Lüneburg.

01:41:16.580 --> 01:41:18.320
Delegates of the Free City of Nuremberg.

01:41:18.900 --> 01:41:20.460
Delegates of the Free City of Reutlingen.

01:41:21.360 --> 01:41:22.700
Your Imperial Majesty.

01:41:23.520 --> 01:41:25.760
We are not impelled by party spirit.

01:41:26.500 --> 01:41:29.940
We are compelled by the word of God to
embrace our beliefs.

01:41:30.820 --> 01:41:34.800
It has never been our intention to
introduce any dogma that is new and

01:41:34.800 --> 01:41:36.500
strange to the universal church.

01:41:37.240 --> 01:41:41.760
We have desired only that the church might
be cleansed and freed from certain abuses.

01:41:42.640 --> 01:41:48.780
Not for our own sakes, but for the glory
of Christ and the salvation of all men of

01:41:48.780 --> 01:41:49.420
all nations.

01:41:50.240 --> 01:41:55.740
Your Gracious Majesty, this confession
will prevail against the gates of hell

01:41:55.740 --> 01:41:56.260
itself.

01:42:02.570 --> 01:42:08.670
His Imperial Majesty has summoned you here
not to continue the heretical dissension

01:42:08.670 --> 01:42:13.590
which has divided his beloved Germany,
but to end it.

01:42:14.270 --> 01:42:18.530
Your Majesty, we cannot desert the truth.

01:42:19.730 --> 01:42:23.670
We pray that our opponents will grant us,
for the sake of God and Christ,

01:42:24.410 --> 01:42:27.110
that which we cannot with good conscience
surrender.

01:42:27.650 --> 01:42:31.750
Nobles, all Christendom stands in peril.

01:42:32.910 --> 01:42:37.290
Our survival hangs on our unity,
and unity alone.

01:42:37.290 --> 01:42:41.750
The hordes of the infidel Turk are at the
very gates of Vienna.

01:42:42.910 --> 01:42:45.410
Therefore we request you now to yield.

01:42:46.410 --> 01:42:47.490
Unite with us.

01:42:48.170 --> 01:42:51.010
Abandon these differences, these heresies.

01:42:51.550 --> 01:42:55.910
And together under one banner we shall
march against the common enemy.

01:43:01.720 --> 01:43:05.800
Most gracious Emperor, all of us have been
entrusted with the word of God.

01:43:05.800 --> 01:43:11.860
As princes, we are eager for political
unity, but not at the price of our faith.

01:43:12.600 --> 01:43:16.620
What you call differences, we call the
heart of our faith.

01:43:17.020 --> 01:43:20.560
What you call heresy, we know to be the
truth.

01:43:21.160 --> 01:43:22.700
We will not yield.

01:43:23.500 --> 01:43:24.600
I command your allegiance.

01:43:25.020 --> 01:43:26.760
You cannot command our conscience.

01:43:31.480 --> 01:43:35.140
We will continue in our faith,
no matter what may happen.

01:43:35.140 --> 01:43:41.800
We testify to the gospel of Jesus Christ,
by whose blood we are free Christian men.

01:43:42.540 --> 01:43:44.600
Free now, and free forever.

01:43:46.300 --> 01:43:46.860
Amen.

01:43:47.880 --> 01:43:48.400
Amen.

01:44:32.600 --> 01:44:37.580
My right hand and my holy arm,
O Lord, hath got me the victory.

01:44:38.680 --> 01:44:42.560
Thou hast remembered thy mercy and thy
truth to this generation.

01:44:43.780 --> 01:44:49.480
O God our Father, make us to stand fast in
the liberty wherewith thou hast made us

01:44:49.480 --> 01:44:49.780
free.

01:44:50.760 --> 01:44:54.860
And enable us all to be faithful stewards
of the gospel.

01:44:55.900 --> 01:45:03.400
Thou hast entrusted to us, that our hearts
may be established, unblameable in

01:45:03.400 --> 01:45:04.740
holiness before thee.

01:45:04.740 --> 01:45:10.380
At the coming of our Lord Jesus Christ,
with all his saints.

01:45:11.580 --> 01:45:11.860
Amen.

01:45:57.360 --> 01:45:58.760
Amen.

01:46:17.340 --> 01:46:18.740
© BF-WATCH TV 2021