WEBVTT

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Hello, I'm Robert Jones.

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Today we are going to continue with our
course on the top 25 Protestant Reformers

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of the 16th century.

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We have reached number 3, which is Ulrich
Zwingli.

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Born January 1st, 1484 in Wildhaus,
Switzerland.

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1498 he enrolls in the University of
Vienna.

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It's possible he may have been expelled
from that institute.

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1500 to 1502 he does indeed attend the
University of Vienna.

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1506 he receives a Master of Arts at the
University of Basel.

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He is ordained as a priest in Constance on
the German-Swiss border on September 29th,

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1506.

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From 1506 to 1518 he operates as a priest
in Glarus, Switzerland.

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1513 he is a chaplain on the Roman
Catholic side in the Battle of Novara in

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Italy.

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Between August 1514 and May 1516 he has
several meetings with Erasmus in Basel.

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December 11th, 1518 appointed preacher at
the Grossmünster Cathedral in Zurich.

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And through his influence he leads Zurich
to withdraw from the alliance with

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Catholic France, which would have been a
big step.

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January 1st, 1519 he preaches his first
sermon at the Grossmünster on the Gospel

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of Matthew.

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In his sermons he questions veneration of
the saints, the idea that unbaptized

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children go to hell, the sale of
indulgences, and the idea that tithing is

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a divine institution.

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August 1519, bubonic plague hits Zurich
and Zwingli stays at his post ministering

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to his flock.

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September 1519 Zwingli catches the plague
and almost dies.

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April 29th, 1521 Zwingli is elected as a
full canon and becomes a citizen of

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Zurich.

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April 1522, in the Affair of the Sausages,
Zwingli probably eats sausage during Lent

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and points out that there was no
discussion of Lent or food restrictions in

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the New Testament.

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Some people view this as the beginning of
the Reformed Church in Zurich.

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July 2nd, 1522 he campaigns with a local
bishop to remove the requirement for

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priestly celibacy.

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January 29th, 1523 he writes the first
Zurich, or is involved in the first Zurich

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Disputation where he presents his
concluding statements, also known as the

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67 Articles.

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October 26th, 1523 the second Zurich
Disputation covers images, the nature of

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the Eucharist, as well as ecclesiastical
versus city council power or governmental

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power.

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Conrad Grebel, an early Anabaptist,
calls for the elimination of infant

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baptism.

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November 1523 Zwingli writes his short
Christian introduction on the duties of

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pastors.

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April 2nd, 1524 a priest, Ulrich Zwingli,
secretly marries Anna Reinhard.

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April 8th, 1524 the cantons of Luzern,
Schweiz, Unterwalden, Uri and Zug create

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an alliance against the Swiss Reformation.

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August 15th, 1524 the city council affirms
the necessity of infant baptism and

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therefore says to the budding Anabaptist
movement, 1525 first parts of Zwingli's

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New Testament are printed.

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January 17th, 1525 a public debate between
Zwingli and a nascent Anabaptist.

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The result is the latter are required to
leave the city.

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January 21st, 1525 Conrad Grebel,
Felix Manz and George Blayrock illegally

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re-baptize each other at the house of
Felix Manz.

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February 2nd, 1525 Manz and Blayrock are
arrested.

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April 13th, 1525 Zwingli creates a new
communion liturgy replacing the Mast,

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it's called the Act or the Custom of the
Supper.

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June 19th, 1525 he opens a Latin school at
the Grossmunster to re-educate the clergy.

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November 6th to 8th, 1525 final debate on
infant baptism before the Zurich council.

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March 7th, 1526 re-baptizing is made
punishable by death.

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May 19th, 1526 the Diet and Baden votes to
ban all of Zwingli's writings.

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Bern, Basel, Schaffhausen and Zurich all
voted in favor of Zwingli.

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Zwingli did not attend this Diet.

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January 5th, 1527 Felix Manz is executed
by drowning in the Lamont River.

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January 5th and 6th, 1528 Zwingli forms
the Christian Civic Union.

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Initially it would include Bern,
Constance and Zurich.

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Eventually Basel, Biel, Molhausen,
Schaffhausen and St. Gallen will join.

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January 6th, 1528 the Council of Bern
begins and includes reformers Zwingli,

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Busset and Wolfgang Capito with Zwingli in
the lead.

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February 7th, 1528 the City Council of
Bern officially declares in favor of the

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Reformation.

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April 22nd, 1529 the five Catholic states
form an alliance with Ferdinand of Austria

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and it's called the Christian Alliance.

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June 8th, 1529 Zurich raises 30,000 men
against the five states who are quickly

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abandoned by Ferdinand of Austria.

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It's sometimes referred to as the First
Battle of Kappel.

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The conflict was averted at the last
moment by an intermediary.

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And by the way, the five states only had
9,000 men against the 30,000 of the

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Protestants.

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June 24th, 1529 Land Peace of Kappel
officially ends the conflict.

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October 1st to 4th, 1529 Zwingli and
Luther meet at the Marburg Colloquy at

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Marburg Castle, Marburg, Hesse,
Germany.

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They agree on all points except for one.

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And guess which one it is?

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The Real Presence during the Communion.

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14 of 15 points were agreed on.

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1530 Zwingli publishes his account of
faith to coincide with the Augsburg

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Confession.

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November 1530 Zurich, Basel, and
Strasbourg sign a defense treaty with

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Philip of Hesse in Germany.

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Philip would later pull out because of
Zwingli's opposition to the Tetrapolitan

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Confession of Martin Busset and Wolfgang
Capito.

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May 1531 Zwingli's alliance in Switzerland
to reform cities tries an unsuccessful

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food blockade on the Catholic cities.

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Zwingli had argued for war, not a
blockade.

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July 26, 1531 Zwingli resigns as Minister
of the Großmunster, but the city council

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refuses to accept it.

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October 9, 1531 the five Catholic states
declare war on Zurich.

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October 11, 1531 Ulrich Zwingli dies
fighting in the Catholic-Protestant Second

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War of Kappel.

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December 1531 the Zurich city council
selects Heinrich Bollinger, who we have

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already discussed, as Zwingli's successor.

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Zwingli is a contemporary, not a follower
of Luther, and he laid the foundation for

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the Reformed Church, which would in time
include the Presbyterian Church,

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the Huguenots, the Pilgrims, the Puritans,
etc.

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As Luther, he believed that mankind is
unregenerate and is saved only through the

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intercession of Christ.

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Also as Luther, he believed in the supreme
authority of the Bible.

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Zwingli believed in predestination,
and he took it to some interesting

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conclusions.

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He felt that it would be impossible for
God to be omnipotent and omnipresent if he

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did not control and dispose all events.

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As Zwingli believed that we are
predestined to salvation or damnation

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before birth, also known as double
election, this meant that there may be

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members of the elect among the heathen.

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Luther is utterly horrified by such an
idea.

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He also believed that infants that died
before being baptized might be saved.

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Why?

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Well, they might have been predestined to
salvation.

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In terms of baptism, Zwingli believed that
baptism by water can take place without

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baptism of the Holy Spirit, and that
baptism by the Holy Spirit can take place

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without baptism of water.

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In the latter case, the believer is still
saved, so therefore it is not absolutely

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positively necessary that one receives a
water baptism to be saved.

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Zwingli believed in infant baptism,
a point that he violently disagreed with

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his students, the Anabaptists.

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To Zwingli, an important element of infant
baptism is a profession of faith by the

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parents and a pledge to bring the child up
as a Christian.

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On the Eucharist, Luther believed that
Christ's body and blood were present

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during the sacrament.

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This is known as the real presence.

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Zwingli felt that the bread and wine
signify the body and blood of Christ,

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but don't actually turn into that.

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He further believed that the sacrament was
a commemoration, not a repetition as in

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the Catholic faith.

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Faith of the atoning sacrifice of Christ.

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To Zwingli, communion was a visible sign
of an invisible grace.

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On the Eucharist, Zwingli had the
following to say, I believe that in the

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Holy Eucharist, i.e., the Supper of
Thanksgiving, the true body of Christ is

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present by the contemplation of faith.

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This means that they who thank the Lord
for the benefits bestowed on us in His Son

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acknowledge that He assumed true flesh,
in it truly suffered, truly washed away

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our sins by His blood.

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And thus everything done by Christ becomes
as it were present to them by the

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contemplation of faith.

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But that the body of Christ in essence and
really, i.e., the natural body itself,

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is either present in the Supper or
masticated with our mouth and teeth,

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as the Papists or some, i.e., the
Lutherans who look back to the flesh pots

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of Egypt assert, we not only deny,
but constantly maintain to be in error,

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contrary to the Word of God.

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In view of these passages, we are
compelled to confess that the words,

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this is my body, should not be understood
naturally, but figuratively, just as the

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words, this is Jehovah's Passover.

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During the first Zurich Disputation,
Zwingli represented the views of the Roman

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Church in Switzerland.

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He was also involved in the second Zurich
Disputation, the Council of Bern in 1528

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and the Marburg, colloquially,
in 1529.

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And I think we can say that during all of
these, Zwingli never changed his

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viewpoints one inch.

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The first Zurich Disputation includes some
of the following.

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All who say that the Gospel is invalid
with the confirmation of the Church err

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and cast reproach upon God.

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Christ is the only way to salvation for
all who ever were, who are, and who shall

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be.

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Whoever seeks or shows another error's,
yea, is the murderer of souls and a

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robber.

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Christ is the head of all believers.

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All who live in this head are his members
and children of God.

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And this is the true Catholic or Universal
Church, the communion of saints.

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Who believes the Gospel shall be saved,
who believe it not shall be damned,

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for in the Gospel the whole truth is
clearly contained.

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From the Gospel we learn that the
doctrines and traditions of men are of no

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use to salvation.

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The Mass is no sacrifice but a
commemoration of the sacrifice of the

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cross and a seal of redemption through
Christ.

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Christ is the only mediator between God
and us.

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Christ is righteous.

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From this it follows that our works are
good so far as they are Christ's,

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but not good as far as they are our own.

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The power of the Pope and the bishops has
no foundation in the Holy Scriptures and

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in the doctrine of Christ.

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God alone forgives sins through Jesus
Christ our Lord alone.

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And the Holy Scripture knows nothing of a
purgatory after this life.

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During the Second Battle of Capelle,
he dies on the battlefield fighting

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against the Catholics.

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You can see that wonderful engraving there
showing the death of Zwingli, being killed

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by the Catholic forces.

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Here's a description...

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On the battlefield not far from the line
of attack, Mr. Ulrich Zwingli lay under

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the dead and wounded.

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While men were looting, he was still
alive, lying on his back with his hands

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together as if he were praying,
and his eyes looking upwards to heaven.

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So some approached him, who did not know
him, and asked him, since he was so weak

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and close to death, for he had fallen in
combat and was stricken with a mortal

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wound, whether a priest should be fetched
to hear his confession.

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At this the Catholics grew impatient,
cursed him, and said that he was one of

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the obstinate, cantankerous heretics and
should get what he deserved.

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Then Captain Fuchinger of the Unterwalden
appeared in an exasperation, drew his

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sword, and gave Zwingli a thrust from
which he at once died.

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So the renowned Mr. Ulrich Zwingli,
true minister and servant of the churches

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of Zurich, was found wounded on the
battlefield along with his flock,

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with whom he remained until his death.

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There, because of his confession of the
true faith in Christ our only Savior,

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the mediator and advocate of all
believers, he was killed by a captain who

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was a pensioner, one of those against whom
he had always preached so eloquently.

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And this is from Heinrich Bollinger.

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His impact and legacy he initiated the
practice of sermon-centric churches as

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opposed to mass-centric services.

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He defined the views of the Reformed
Church regarding the Eucharist and the

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abolished Mass.

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He created one of the primary movements
that came out of the Protestant

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Reformation, the Reformed Faith.

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As founder of the Reformed Faith,
Zwingli is the spiritual founder of

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Presbyterians, Congregationalists,
Puritans, the Reformed Church in Europe,

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Anabaptists, and Huguenots.

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And that concludes our discussion of
Ulrich Zwingli.

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Thank you.