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Welcome to The Papacy is the Antichrist by
the Reverend Dr. J.

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A.

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Wiley, read by W.

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J.

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And now to the message of tape number one
from The Papacy is the Antichrist.

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We pray that the Lord Jesus Christ will
greatly bless you as you listen.

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The Papacy is the Antichrist, a
demonstration by Reverend J.

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A.

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Wiley, LLD, author of History of
Protestantism, History of the Scottish

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Nation, etc.

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Published by George McKibben in 1888.

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The dedication is to the Reverend
Ministers of the Church of Scotland with

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Mr. John Hope's compliments.

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Preface.

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The following demonstration is rested on
no narrow basis.

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Its two postulates, like two posturnes,
admit us into the edifice, but they are

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not its foundations.

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The whole economy of redemption and the
whole course of history are the broad

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substructions on which the argument is
based and built up.

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And the author humbly submits that it
cannot be overturned or the conclusion

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arrived at set aside without dislocating
and shaking the structure of both

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revelation and providence.

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The same line of proof which establishes
that Christ is the promised Messiah,

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conversely applied, establishes that the
Roman system is the predicted apostasy.

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In the life of Christ we behold the
converse of what the Antichrist must be.

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And in the prophecy of the Antichrist we
are shown the converse of what Christ must

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be and was.

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And when we place the papacy between the
two and compare it with each, we find on

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the one hand that it is the perfect
converse of Christ as seen in his life,

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and on the other that is the perfect image
of the Antichrist as shown in the prophecy

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of him.

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We conclude therefore that if Jesus of
Nazareth be the Christ, the Roman papacy

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is the Antichrist.

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Chapter 1.

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The term Antichrist.

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We shall not go far afield in this
discussion, nor is it in the least

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necessary to do so.

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The materials for a right decision on the
question before us lie close at hand.

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The Apostle John, speaking of the great
apostasy to arise in Christendom,

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calls it the Antichrist.

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And the Pope has taken to himself as the
name that best describes his office the

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title Vicar of Christ.

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All we shall ask as the basis for argument
are these two accepted facts, namely that

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John styles the apostasy the Antichrist
and that the head of the Roman system

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styles himself Christ's Vicar.

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The papacy holds in its name the key of
its meaning.

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We shall make use of that key in unlocking
its mystery and true character.

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The papacy cannot complain though we adopt
this line of interpretation.

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We do nothing more than use the key it has
put into our hands.

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The Apostle John, we have said,
speaking of the apostasy, the coming of

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which he predicts, styles it the
Antichrist.

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And we have also said that the papacy,
speaking through its representative and

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head, calls itself the Vicar of Christ.

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The first Antichrist is a Greek word.

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The second, Vicar, is an English word.

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But the two are in reality one,
for both words have the same meaning.

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Antichrist translated into English is Vice
Christ or Vicar of Christ.

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And Vicar of Christ rendered into Greek is
Antichrist.

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Antichristos.

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If we can establish this, and the ordinary
use of the word by those to whom the Greek

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was a vernacular, is decisive on the
point.

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We shall have no difficulty in showing
that this is the meaning of the word

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Antichrist, even a Vice Christ.

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And if so, then every time the Pope claims
to be the Vicar of Christ, he pleads at

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the bar of the world that he is the
Antichrist.

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Moreover, this will clear our way and
simplify our discussion.

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For let it be noted, if Antichrist
signifies a Vice Christ, that is,

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one who comes in the room of Christ,
deception, dissimulation, counterfeit,

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must be an essential element in his
character.

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In whatever persons or systems that
fundamental characteristic is lacking,

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we fail to find the Antichrist,
whatever may be their general opposition

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to Christ and to Christianity,
or whatever other features of the

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Antichrist they may bear.

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They may have every other characteristic
by which prophecy had described this noted

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adversary of Christ and his gospel,
yet lacking this fundamental one,

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their claim to this preeminently evil
distinction cannot be admitted.

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This enables us to dismiss summarily and
at once a host of Antichrists which have

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been conjured up by persons who have drawn
upon their imagination, rather than

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followed any sound principle of prophetic
interpretation.

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The cause of the papacy is served by the
false glosses and mistaken interpretations

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of Scripture, which interpose a
pseudo-Antichrist between it and prophecy,

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which unfolds against it so black a
record, and suspends above it so terrible

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a doom.

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We shall suppose that an atheist or an
infidel has been put to the bar to answer

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it to a charge of being the Antichrist.

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He has manifested a satanic malignity
against the gospel, and has labored to the

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utmost of his power to destroy it.

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He has blasphemed God, execrated Christ,
and derided, vilified, and persecuted all

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who profess his name.

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And on these grounds he has been assumed
to be the Antichrist.

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The case is no imaginary one.

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Atheists and scoffers in former ages,
Voltaire and Paine in later times,

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Communists and Pantheists on their own
day, have all been arraigned as the

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Antichrist.

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Well, let us suppose that one or other of
these notoriously wicked personages or

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systems has been put to the bar on the
charge of being the adversary predicted by

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John.

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Who are you, says the judge?

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Are you a vice Christ?

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So you make a profession of Christianity,
and under that pretext seek to undermine

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and destroy it?

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No, replies the accused, I am no
counterfeit.

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Christ and his gospel I hate, but I am an
open enemy.

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I fight under no mask.

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Turning to the likeness drawn by Paul and
John of Christ's great rival and opponent,

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and finding the outstanding and essential
feature in the portrait absent in the

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accused, the judge would be constrained to
say, I do not find the charge proven.

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Go your way.

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You are not the Antichrist.

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Mohammedanism comes nearer than any of the
other opposing systems to the Antichrist

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of the Bible, yet it falls a long way
short of it.

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Mohammed did not disavow the mission of
Jesus.

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On the contrary, he professed to hold him
in honor as a prophet, and in much the

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same way do his followers still feel
toward Christ.

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But Islam does not profess to be an
imitation of Christianity.

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Any counterfeit that can be discovered in
Mohammedanism is partial and shadowy when

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placed alongside the bold, sharp-cut
counterfeit of Romanism.

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It requires a violent stretch of
imagination to accept Mohammedanism,

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or indeed any other known Romanism,
as a vice-Christ.

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Of all systems that ever were on the earth
or are now upon it, Romanism alone meets

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all the requirements of prophecy,
and exhibits all the features of the

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vice-Christ.

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And it does so with a completeness and a
truthfulness which enables the man who

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permits himself to be guided by the
statements of the Word of God on the one

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hand, and the facts of history on the
other, to say at once, this is the

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Antichrist.

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What we have said is meant to indicate the
lines on which our demonstration will

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proceed.

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We must trace the parallelism between
their respective chiefs, Christ and the

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Pope, along the entire line of their
career.

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In this parallelism lies the essence of
Antichristianism, and of course the

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strength of our argument.

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It is this counterfeit, so exact and
complete, which has misled the world into

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the belief that this is Christianity,
to the waste of ages, not a few,

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the unsettling and overthrowing of
kingdoms, the stunting of the human

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understanding, and the loss of millions of
immortal souls.

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Chapter 2.

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Antichrist Portrayed Before His Birth.

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It is somewhat remarkable that the
clearest, fullest, and most lifelike

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description of Antichrist we possess is
that which was given of him before he

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arose.

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The papacy, if we may be allowed to
anticipate what will be the object of the

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following pages to demonstrate,
the papacy has been twelve hundred years

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in existence, and during all these
centuries it has been one of the main

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actors in the world.

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Neither time nor opportunity has been
lacking to it for the display of its

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spirit and aims.

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The record of its deeds lies open to the
world, and he that runs may read it.

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And after so long, and, we may add,
so dismal an acquaintance with it,

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it might be supposed that we should now be
able to give a fuller and truer

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description of it than any that could
possibly be given before it had come into

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existence.

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Yet no, incomparably the most lifelike
portrait of the papacy that exists is that

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which was given by Paul in the first
century, when writing to the Thessalonian

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Christians, and which we give below.

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Paul's is not the only painting of popery
on the page of the Bible.

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Daniel, centuries before, had foreshadowed
the rise of this system in imagery of

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graphic vividness and dramatic grandeur.

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A little while after Paul, John,
in symbols equally majestic and awful,

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foretold the advent of the same power.

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The vision was doubled, because the thing
was sure.

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Paul comes in between these two
prophecies, two yet one, as their inspired

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interpreter.

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He employs neither figure nor symbol,
but in words, plain yet solemn,

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he lifts the veil and lays bare the
infernal origin and satanic character of

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that power, which, when he wrote,
was so near that the Christians to whom he

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addressed his epistle might almost hear
the sound of its approaching footsteps,

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and see the shadow which it had already
begun to project upon the church and the

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world.

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We quote the passage of 2 Thessalonians
chapter 2, verses 1-11.

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Now we beseech you, brethren, by the
coming of our Lord Jesus Christ,

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and by our gathering together unto him,
that ye be not soon shaken in mind,

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or be troubled neither by spirit,
nor by word, nor by letter as from us,

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as that the day of Christ is at hand.

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Let no man deceive you by any means,
for that day shall not come, except there

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comes a falling away first, and that man
of sin be revealed, the son of perdition,

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who opposeth and exalteth himself above
all that is called God, or that is

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worshipped, so that he as God sitteth in
the temple of God, showing himself that he

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is God.

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Remember ye not that when I was yet with
you I told you these things?

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And now ye know what withholdeth that he
might be revealed in his time.

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For the mystery of iniquity doth already
work, only he who now letteth will let,

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until he be taken out of the way.

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And then shall that wicked be revealed,
whom the Lord shall consume with the

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spirit of his mouth, and shall destroy
with the brightness of his coming,

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even him whose coming is after the working
of Satan, with all power and signs and

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lying wonders, and with all deceivableness
of unrighteousness in them that perish,

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because they receive not the love of the
truth that they might be saved.

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And for this cause God shall send them a
strong delusion that they should believe a

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lie.

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Chapter 3 Antichrist, an enemy under a
mask.

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In order to introduce ourselves to our
subject we have taken it for granted that

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the system described by Paul in the
passage we have just quoted is the papacy.

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This is the thing to be established.

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We now proceed to prove this, and provided
we shall show on good and conclusive

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grounds that the system depicted by Paul
is the Roman apostasy, and that this is

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the same system which Daniel and John have
portrayed under symbolic imagery,

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it will follow that one who admits the
Bible to be the Word of God, and that Paul

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wrote by the inspiration of the Holy
Ghost, must believe that the papacy,

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that is the Roman apostasy, is the
Antichrist of Scripture.

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This is not point of mere speculation.

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It is a question that has attended upon it
great practical issues.

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This inquiry has for its object the
ascertainment of the true meaning of an

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important part of the Word of God,
even the better half of its prophecies.

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Moreover, on this question must rest the
verdict we are to pronounce on that

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society which calls itself the Church,
as also the revelations in which we are to

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stand to it.

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And on it, too, must depend whether we
shall abandon, or whether we shall

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continue to occupy the ground which we
have been accustomed to regard as our

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divine central position in our war with
popery, or rather whether we ought not to

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end this war, and confess that we have
been fighting all along under a mistake.

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Who is Antichrist?

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It will help us to the right answer to
this question if we shall first determine

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what is Antichrist.

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Antichrist is an enemy who makes war with
the Son of God.

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Of that there is no doubt.

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But what is the form of this war?

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And under what character does Antichrist
carry it on?

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Does he wage it openly, or does he fight
it under a mask?

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Does he take the field as an open rebel
and a declared foe?

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Or does he come as a friendly adherent who
professes to bring support and help to the

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cause, which in reality seeks to undermine
and destroy?

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To determine this point, let us look at
the meaning of the word Antichrist as

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employed in Scripture.

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The reader sees that the term is a
composite one, being made up of two words,

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Anti and Christ.

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The name is one of new formation,
being compounded it would seem for this

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very enemy, and by its etymology
expressing more exactly and perfectly his

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character than any older word could.

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The precise question now before us is
this.

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What is the precise sense of Anti in this
connection?

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Does it designate an enemy who says openly
and truly, I am against Christ?

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Or does it designate one who says
plausibly, yet falsely, I am for Christ?

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Which?

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To determine this, let us look at the
force given to this prefix by writers in

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both classic literature and Holy
Scripture.

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First the old classic writers.

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By these the preposition Anti is often
employed to designate a substitute.

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This is in fact a very common use of it in
the classic writers.

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For instance, Anti Basilis, he who is the
locum tenens of a king, or as we should

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now say a viceroy.

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Anti, having in this case the force of the
English term vice.

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He who filled the place of council was
Antiopatus, pro-council.

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He who took the place of an absent guest
at a feast was was entitled or styled

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Antidepnos.

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The preposition used in this sense of the
great substitute himself, Christ is said

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to have given himself as an antilutron,
a ransom in the stead of all.

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Classic usage does not require us to give
only one sense to this word and restrict

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it to one who seeks openly and by force to
seat himself in the place of another and

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by violent usurpation bring that other's
authority to an end.

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We are at liberty to apply it to one who
steals into the office of another under

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the mask of friendship and while
professing to uphold his interest labors

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to destroy them.

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This leaves us free to turn to the use of
the word in scripture.

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The Antichrist comes first into view in
our Lord's discourse recorded in Matthew

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chapter 24 verse 24 and Mark chapter 13
verse 22.

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For false Christs and false prophets shall
arise and show signs and wonders to seduce

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if it were possible even the elect.

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Our Lord does not indeed use the word
Antichrist but what is almost its synonym,

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Pseudo-Christ or false Christ.

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Pseudo-Christos in the Greek.

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Nevertheless the persons whose coming he
foretells are in the line of Antichrist.

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They belong to the same family and their
grand characteristic is deception.

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Manifested they are not open enemies but
pretended friends.

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They are false Christs and false prophets
and as such are forerunners of that great

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Antichrist who is to succeed them and in
whom they are to find their fuller

19:14.560 --> 19:16.580
development and final consummation.

19:17.220 --> 19:22.260
They shall seek by signs and wonders,
false of course, to obscure the glory of

19:22.260 --> 19:26.400
Christ's true miracles, to weaken the
evidence of his messiahship arising

19:26.400 --> 19:30.300
therefrom and to draw men away from him
and after themselves.

19:32.020 --> 19:36.380
The other place in the New Testament in
which reference is made to Antichrist is

19:36.380 --> 19:38.740
the first and second epistles of John.

19:39.660 --> 19:43.660
The idea which John presents of the
Antichrist is quite in harmony with that

19:43.660 --> 19:44.260
of our Lord.

19:45.120 --> 19:47.360
John looks for him in the guise of a
deceiver.

19:48.560 --> 19:54.320
Little children says John from his first
epistle chapter 2 verse 18, it is the last

19:54.320 --> 19:59.180
time and as ye have heard that Antichrist
shall come even now there are many

19:59.180 --> 20:00.220
Antichrists.

20:02.020 --> 20:06.520
After this announcement of a special and
great Antichrist to follow in the wake of

20:06.520 --> 20:11.200
those minor Antichrists that were already
arrived and were urging their claims on

20:11.200 --> 20:15.440
the attention of the world he comes to
look more closely at the giant who was to

20:15.440 --> 20:17.920
stand up after these dwarfs had passed
away.

20:18.780 --> 20:23.640
He notes prominently one characteristic of
him and it is his falsehood.

20:24.800 --> 20:31.540
Antichrist says John is to be a liar,
verse 22, first John chapter 2,

20:32.740 --> 20:37.180
quote, who is a liar but he that denieth
that Jesus is the Christ.

20:37.540 --> 20:41.760
He is Antichrist that denieth the Father
and the Son, unquote.

20:43.560 --> 20:50.760
St. John's words, says Archbishop Trench,
seem to me decisive on the matter that

20:50.760 --> 20:56.320
resistance to and defiance of Christ,
not the false assumption of his character

20:56.320 --> 21:00.180
and offices, is the essential mark of
Antichrist, unquote.

21:01.120 --> 21:04.100
That is from Synonyms of the New Testament
by R.C.

21:04.180 --> 21:10.500
Trench, BD, page 120, published in
Cambridge and London in 1854.

21:11.760 --> 21:18.000
Such is Dr. Trench's opinion, but he gives
no grounds for it, and we are unable to

21:18.000 --> 21:18.620
imagine any.

21:19.360 --> 21:24.440
We draw the exactly opposite conclusion
from the Apostles words, even that the

21:24.440 --> 21:29.120
false assumption of his character and
offices is an essential mark of

21:29.120 --> 21:29.800
Antichrist.

21:30.380 --> 21:32.600
He is a liar, says John.

21:33.440 --> 21:37.580
But if he comes boldly and truthfully
avowing himself the enemy of Christ,

21:37.940 --> 21:39.200
how is he a liar?

21:40.240 --> 21:45.860
If he avows without concealment his
impious design of overthrowing Christ,

21:46.100 --> 21:49.200
with what truth can he be spoken of as a
deceiver?

21:50.000 --> 21:54.640
But such is the character plainly ascribed
to him by John, in the second epistle,

21:55.040 --> 22:00.400
verse 7, for many deceivers, quote,
for many deceivers are entered into the

22:00.400 --> 22:03.800
world who confess not that Jesus Christ
has come in the flesh.

22:04.300 --> 22:07.460
This is a deceiver and an Antichrist,
unquote.

22:08.620 --> 22:13.480
Plainly the exegesis, or rather
supposition, of Dr. Trench is

22:13.480 --> 22:14.220
inadmissible.

22:15.940 --> 22:20.740
Dr. Chalmers had no difficulty in seeing
the Roman system in the apostasy predicted

22:20.740 --> 22:21.380
by Paul.

22:22.220 --> 22:26.580
We find him saying in his scripture
readings, Save us, O Lord, from falling

22:26.580 --> 22:30.400
away, lest we share in the perdition that
waiteth on the great apostasy.

22:30.860 --> 22:35.380
We hold the usurpation of Rome to be
evidently pointed at, and therefore let us

22:35.380 --> 22:39.220
maintain our distance and keep our
resolute protest against its great

22:39.220 --> 22:40.160
abominations.

22:41.060 --> 22:45.140
That is from Dr. Chalmers' Sabbath
Scripture Readings, volume 1, page 310,

22:45.700 --> 22:49.320
as published in Edinburgh in 1848.

22:51.560 --> 22:55.820
Archbishop Trench was misled, it may be,
by the strength of the term deny.

22:56.380 --> 22:59.920
Quote, he is Antichrist that denieth the
Father and the Son.

23:01.500 --> 23:05.220
But he who does not confess when he is
called to do so denies.

23:06.180 --> 23:09.520
Such is the use of the word in these
applications all through the New

23:09.520 --> 23:09.940
Testament.

23:11.080 --> 23:13.880
Such is the use John makes of it in this
very passage.

23:14.480 --> 23:18.960
Quote, for many deceivers are entered into
the world who confess not that Jesus

23:18.960 --> 23:20.520
Christ has come in the flesh.

23:20.980 --> 23:25.140
It is clear that Antichrist, as depicted
by our Lord and by his Apostle John,

23:25.200 --> 23:29.340
is to wear a mask and to profess one thing
and act another.

23:30.180 --> 23:34.660
He is to enter the church as Judas entered
the garden, professedly to kiss his

23:34.660 --> 23:37.220
master, but in reality to betray him.

23:37.740 --> 23:41.420
He is to come with words of peace in his
mouth, but war in his heart.

23:41.740 --> 23:47.220
He is to be a counterfeit Christ,
Christ's likeness stamped on base metal.

23:47.660 --> 23:52.640
He is to be an imitation of Christ,
a close, clever, and astute imitation

23:52.640 --> 23:55.260
which will deceive the world for ages.

23:55.980 --> 24:00.660
Those only accepted who taught by the Holy
Spirit shall be able to see through the

24:00.660 --> 24:04.460
disguise and detect the enemy under the
mask of a friend.

24:08.410 --> 24:13.370
Chapter four, Antichrist no atheist or
communist.

24:15.150 --> 24:21.890
Antichrist then is a counterfeit,
but this one mark is not alone sufficient

24:21.890 --> 24:25.770
to identify the person on whom it is found
as the great apostate.

24:26.510 --> 24:29.270
All deceit in religion is anti-christian.

24:29.850 --> 24:34.350
The other marks must come along with this
one to ward us to say that we have found a

24:34.350 --> 24:39.470
preeminently wicked one and that
portentous combination of all evil that is

24:39.470 --> 24:40.870
to form the Antichrist.

24:41.390 --> 24:45.830
Yet this one mark enables us to test
certain theories which have been advanced

24:45.830 --> 24:46.570
on this subject.

24:47.550 --> 24:53.010
If Antichrist must necessarily be a
deceiver, a false Christ, then no atheist

24:53.010 --> 24:55.750
or body of atheists can be Antichrist.

24:56.190 --> 24:59.790
No pantheist or body of pantheists can be
Antichrist.

25:00.170 --> 25:02.150
They are not deceivers, they are open
enemies.

25:02.910 --> 25:07.090
They make war in defiance of God and
Christ and under the protestation that

25:07.090 --> 25:14.570
there is no such person as the Bible
affirms filling the office of the world's

25:14.570 --> 25:15.590
mediator and savior.

25:16.350 --> 25:19.470
They hold the whole affair to be an
invention of priests.

25:20.730 --> 25:22.890
Antichrist dared to make no such avowal.

25:23.650 --> 25:25.090
It would be fatal to him.

25:25.870 --> 25:30.190
Were he to affirm that Christianity is a
fable, an out-and-out imposture,

25:30.370 --> 25:32.790
he would cut away the ground from under
his own feet.

25:33.330 --> 25:37.610
He would deny the very first postulate in
his system, for there must first be a

25:37.610 --> 25:40.150
Christ before there can be an Antichrist.

25:40.970 --> 25:45.250
And not less does this mark shut us up to
the rejection of the theory which has been

25:45.250 --> 25:50.410
advanced with much earnestness and some
plausibility that Antichrist is a

25:50.410 --> 25:54.230
political character, a potentate,
some frightfully tyrannical and

25:54.230 --> 25:59.610
portentously wicked king who is to arise
and for a short space devastate the world

25:59.610 --> 26:00.330
by arms.

26:01.090 --> 26:06.030
This is an altogether different Antichrist
from that Antichrist which prophecy

26:06.030 --> 26:06.790
foreshadows.

26:07.570 --> 26:12.370
He may resemble, may surpass him in open
violence, but he lacks the profound

26:12.370 --> 26:16.310
dissimulation under which Antichrist is to
commit his atrocities.

26:17.010 --> 26:21.790
The rage of the mere tyrant is
indiscriminately vented upon the world at

26:21.790 --> 26:22.190
large.

26:22.770 --> 26:27.230
Antichrist's rage is concentrated on one
particular object and cause.

26:27.970 --> 26:32.650
Nor with any propriety can such a one be
said to sit in the temple of God,

26:33.030 --> 26:36.750
the seat on which the mock Christ
specially delights to show himself.

26:37.510 --> 26:41.790
Prophecy absolutely refuses to see in
either of these theories the altogether

26:41.790 --> 26:47.750
unique and overtopping system of
hypocrisy, blasphemy, and tyranny which it

26:47.750 --> 26:48.550
has foretold.

26:49.230 --> 26:51.170
So far we are helped in our search.

26:52.170 --> 26:56.810
When we are able to put aside some of the
false Antichrists, we come more within

26:56.810 --> 26:57.830
sight of the true one.

26:58.730 --> 27:04.550
We turn now to the prophecy of Paul,
and we shall be blind indeed if after the

27:04.550 --> 27:09.250
study of it we shall be in any doubt as to
whose likeness it is that looks forth upon

27:09.250 --> 27:11.270
us from this remarkable prediction.

27:13.570 --> 27:17.430
Chapter 5 The Two Mysteries of the Bible.

27:19.070 --> 27:23.430
The name Antichrist, it is true,
does not occur in this prophecy.

27:24.230 --> 27:25.170
It is not needed.

27:26.290 --> 27:27.790
John had given the name.

27:28.750 --> 27:30.770
Paul presents us with his portrait.

27:33.700 --> 27:41.320
He says the Antichrist has power,
a truth, an accuracy, and a fullness which

27:41.320 --> 27:45.220
has left nothing for the 18th centuries
which have since rolled past to

27:45.220 --> 27:48.120
supplement, much less to correct or amend.

27:49.020 --> 27:54.100
The strokes with which this portrait is
drawn are few, but each is a lightning

27:54.100 --> 27:59.320
flash, and every member and feature of the
terrible colossus stands revealed.

28:00.620 --> 28:04.660
Paul did not paint this portrait and leave
it as a riddle to perplex and baffle

28:04.660 --> 28:05.540
future ages.

28:06.120 --> 28:10.460
With history in our hands, there is no
room for a moment's doubt about it.

28:11.540 --> 28:17.120
Since Paul wrote, there has been only one
system to which this portrait can apply.

28:17.640 --> 28:22.860
It applies to it in every particular,
as the photograph agrees in every liniment

28:22.860 --> 28:25.700
with the living face from which it is
taken.

28:26.440 --> 28:31.740
But it will agree with no other system
that now is or ever was on the earth,

28:31.840 --> 28:35.480
even as the photograph will not agree with
any countenance but that which stamped

28:35.480 --> 28:37.180
itself upon the plate of the artist.

28:37.580 --> 28:41.900
So clearly did the spirit of prophecy
foresee the coming of Antichrist,

28:42.160 --> 28:45.560
and so truthfully did he enable Paul to
depict him.

28:46.980 --> 28:50.540
The key of this prophecy is in the seventh
verse.

28:51.820 --> 28:55.000
For the mystery of iniquity doth already
work.

28:56.500 --> 28:58.080
The mystery of iniquity.

28:58.580 --> 29:00.520
The phrase is a striking one.

29:01.440 --> 29:06.220
It is not simply iniquity, it is the
mystery of iniquity.

29:07.180 --> 29:10.820
Since the time when the first
transgression in Eden opened the door for

29:10.820 --> 29:13.740
its entrance, iniquity had never been
absent from the earth.

29:14.480 --> 29:18.240
History is little else than a sorrowful
recital of iniquities.

29:19.440 --> 29:22.600
But now a new epoch was to be opened in
the career of evil.

29:23.240 --> 29:27.660
A hitherto unexampled and unthought of
organization of iniquity was about to

29:27.660 --> 29:28.080
appear.

29:28.560 --> 29:34.140
The phrase mystery of iniquity suggests a
secret and terrible conspiracy to sin

29:34.140 --> 29:38.540
amongst beings of various ranks and
faculties and perhaps also various

29:38.540 --> 29:39.120
natures.

29:39.540 --> 29:44.980
Not a mere series of isolated acts,
but a skillfully constructed system.

29:45.440 --> 29:50.940
The several parts nicely adjusted to one
another and their joint working inducing a

29:50.940 --> 29:55.700
product of tremendous evil character
surpassing what any former age had

29:55.700 --> 29:56.120
witnessed.

29:56.980 --> 30:02.540
That mystery was as yet undivulged,
but it was even now when Paul wrote

30:02.540 --> 30:06.260
traveling towards the light and would be
revealed in due time.

30:07.900 --> 30:10.280
The mystery of iniquity.

30:11.480 --> 30:16.400
This is our true standpoint once we may
look around over the whole passage.

30:17.060 --> 30:21.120
When surveyed from this position Paul's
prophecy will be seen to have an amplitude

30:21.120 --> 30:26.660
of meaning and a depth of import as
profound as its range is vast.

30:27.560 --> 30:32.760
We venture to think that the height and
depth of this prophecy have not yet been

30:32.760 --> 30:36.440
very accurately measured or its meaning
fully fathomed.

30:37.540 --> 30:40.100
What is the mystery of iniquity?

30:41.480 --> 30:45.160
The phrase suggests another, the mystery
of godliness.

30:45.940 --> 30:51.900
Paul writing to Timothy says in 1st
Timothy chapter 2 verse 16, without

30:51.900 --> 30:54.940
controversy great is the mystery of
godliness.

30:55.900 --> 30:59.140
These two phrases stand alone in the
Bible.

30:59.780 --> 31:05.040
We read but once of the mystery of
godliness and but once of the mystery of

31:05.040 --> 31:05.480
iniquity.

31:06.360 --> 31:10.060
They are the two preeminently grand
mysteries of revelation.

31:11.020 --> 31:12.780
They stand over against each other.

31:13.780 --> 31:18.120
The mystery of iniquity fashioning its
outward character and semblance upon the

31:18.120 --> 31:23.280
mystery of godliness making it its pattern
till at last the mystery of iniquity

31:23.280 --> 31:27.880
presents itself to the world a perfect
imitation and counterfeit of the mystery

31:27.880 --> 31:28.500
of godliness.

31:29.720 --> 31:35.160
Seeing the two mysteries stand so related
to each other, the one mystery interprets

31:35.160 --> 31:35.620
the other.

31:36.240 --> 31:41.560
We must give the same height and depth,
the same length and breadth to the one as

31:41.560 --> 31:45.920
to the other so far as the diverse origin
and character of the two will permit.

31:47.080 --> 31:53.520
We ask then, what is the precise idea of
the Holy Spirit in the phrase the mystery

31:53.520 --> 31:54.180
of godliness?

31:55.400 --> 31:59.720
Does the phrase denote simply that system
of spiritual truth which God has been

31:59.720 --> 32:04.400
developing during the successive ages of
the world which now at last stands fully

32:04.400 --> 32:05.700
manifested in the gospel?

32:06.560 --> 32:11.480
No doubt this is part of the mystery of
godliness but it is not the whole nor

32:11.480 --> 32:13.360
indeed is it the principal part of it.

32:14.340 --> 32:17.460
The mystery of godliness is not the
development of a system only.

32:18.000 --> 32:19.640
It is the development of a person.

32:20.760 --> 32:22.660
So does the apostle define it.

32:23.640 --> 32:28.000
Without controversy says he, great is the
mystery of godliness.

32:29.180 --> 32:31.420
God was manifest in the flesh.

32:33.260 --> 32:37.460
It was the gradual development of certain
great and supernatural principles and

32:37.460 --> 32:42.640
truths through symbols, prophecies and
typical persons till at last they attained

32:42.640 --> 32:47.360
their completed development and full
manifestation in the person of the Son of

32:47.360 --> 32:47.880
God.

32:48.780 --> 32:53.900
The mystery of iniquity which stands over
against the mystery of godliness as its

32:53.900 --> 32:56.880
parallel and counterfeit must be like it.

32:57.340 --> 33:00.140
Like it in having its source outside the
world.

33:00.840 --> 33:03.480
Like it in its slow and gradual
development.

33:04.040 --> 33:06.920
And like it in its final culmination.

33:07.420 --> 33:11.100
Of it too we must say it is not the
development of a system only.

33:11.520 --> 33:13.240
It is the development of a person.

33:14.040 --> 33:18.900
It is the gathering together of all the
principles of evil and the marshalling of

33:18.900 --> 33:23.440
them into one organization or host and
their embodiment at last in a

33:23.440 --> 33:25.140
representative person or head.

33:26.240 --> 33:26.800
Antichrist.

33:27.820 --> 33:30.460
He was to be the grand outcome of the
apostasy.

33:30.980 --> 33:33.540
Not its mere ornamental head, but its
executive.

33:34.480 --> 33:39.700
He was to guide its councils, inspire its
policy, execute its decrees.

33:39.980 --> 33:44.680
In short, he was to be the organ through
which its terrible powers were to be put

33:44.680 --> 33:45.060
forth.

33:46.720 --> 33:49.640
This we take to be the ruling idea in the
passage.

33:50.320 --> 33:54.780
Just as the mystery of godliness is not
merely the manifestation of the system of

33:54.780 --> 34:00.180
godliness, but the manifestation of God
himself, so the mystery of iniquity is not

34:00.180 --> 34:04.340
merely the manifestation of the system of
iniquity, but the manifestation of the

34:04.340 --> 34:06.980
person or author of iniquity.

34:07.900 --> 34:11.020
The prophecy brings us two mysteries.

34:11.620 --> 34:14.800
The one the counterfeit in all points of
the other.

34:15.520 --> 34:18.580
We have an invisible agent, even God,
beneath the one.

34:19.160 --> 34:22.400
We have an invisible agent, even Satan,
beneath the other.

34:23.060 --> 34:28.140
We have the one mystery culminating at
last in an incarnation, God manifest in

34:28.140 --> 34:28.640
the flesh.

34:29.360 --> 34:32.680
We see the other in like manner
culminating in an incarnation,

34:33.060 --> 34:37.860
in a loose sense, for all its principles
concentrate themselves in and show

34:37.860 --> 34:42.060
themselves to the world through its living
head on earth, Antichrist.

34:42.740 --> 34:47.520
We may go even farther and say that there
is as real an incarnation of the spirit

34:47.520 --> 34:52.220
and mind of Satan in the mystery of
iniquity, as there is of the spirit and

34:52.220 --> 34:54.160
mind of God in the mystery of godliness.

34:55.080 --> 35:00.980
And, as in Christ, God and man meet,
so in Antichrist, his counterfeit and

35:00.980 --> 35:04.840
rival, the human and the superhuman meet
and act together.

35:05.540 --> 35:08.960
Earth-born man and archangel fallen.

35:09.960 --> 35:12.300
Chapter 6, unfolding of the two mysteries.

35:13.480 --> 35:17.920
The Apostle, having brought these two
mysteries upon the stage and shown them to

35:17.920 --> 35:22.500
us standing face to face, goes on to trace
the parallel between the two.

35:23.460 --> 35:27.540
This parallel is distinctly discernible in
every stage of their career.

35:28.060 --> 35:33.480
The Apostle traces it first in their rise,
second in their coming, and third in their

35:33.480 --> 35:34.980
full and completed development.

35:35.540 --> 35:39.860
Let us follow the parallelism step by step
and stage by stage.

35:40.560 --> 35:44.440
In their rise, for the mystery of
iniquity, doth already work.

35:44.880 --> 35:46.360
It was already in existence.

35:46.700 --> 35:51.320
Its energies were all astir, but it worked
in secret and was inaudible to the world.

35:51.840 --> 35:56.100
It worked as leaven doth in the meal,
which keeps silently fermenting in the

35:56.100 --> 35:58.020
mass till the whole has been leavened.

35:58.540 --> 36:03.480
It worketh as the seed does in the soil,
which, germinating in the darkness,

36:03.740 --> 36:08.160
pierces the clod, bursts into the light,
and, receiving an accession of strength

36:08.160 --> 36:12.680
from the sun and air, shoots up in the
stem, and at last culminates in flower and

36:12.680 --> 36:13.100
fruit.

36:13.940 --> 36:16.940
The mystery of iniquity worked as treason
works.

36:17.340 --> 36:19.700
The conspirators meet in secret conclave.

36:20.060 --> 36:22.660
They concert their plans unknown to the
world.

36:22.980 --> 36:26.980
They speak in whispers, but their schemes
at length ripen.

36:27.240 --> 36:31.300
And now they come abroad into the light of
day and proclaim in the housetops what

36:31.300 --> 36:32.660
they had hatched in darkness.

36:33.360 --> 36:35.980
So did the mystery of iniquity work.

36:37.300 --> 36:40.120
So too did the mystery of godliness work.

36:40.600 --> 36:44.960
Even at this initial stage of the two
mysteries, we trace a resemblance between

36:44.960 --> 36:45.240
them.

36:45.980 --> 36:50.260
Let us think how long the gospel worked
before it issued in the incarnation of the

36:50.260 --> 36:50.940
Son of God.

36:51.540 --> 36:55.500
For ages and for generations, Christianity
was a hidden mystery.

36:56.160 --> 37:00.380
The redemption of men by means of the
incarnation of the Son of God was a

37:00.380 --> 37:03.920
secret, profoundly hidden in the counsels
of God in eternity.

37:04.480 --> 37:08.860
And even after time had begun its course,
it long remained a secret unknown to the

37:08.860 --> 37:09.200
world.

37:10.060 --> 37:13.120
Bit by bit, this mystery revealed itself.

37:13.960 --> 37:18.300
First, the idea of incarnation was dimly
made known.

37:19.200 --> 37:24.380
In the first promise, mention was made of
the seed of the woman, and on this obscure

37:24.380 --> 37:28.900
intimation was built the hope of a
deliverer, and that hope descended the

37:28.900 --> 37:30.120
ages with the race.

37:31.000 --> 37:37.120
The idea of expiation was next revealed in
the appointment of sacrifice, which also

37:37.120 --> 37:41.560
with the hope which is expressed and
sustained came down the stream of time.

37:43.100 --> 37:47.980
Next, a complete system of ceremonial
worship was instituted to reveal the

37:47.980 --> 37:50.760
coming redemption in the amplitude of its
blessings.

37:51.480 --> 37:53.520
Still the veil was upon it.

37:53.520 --> 37:56.800
It stood before the world in type.

37:57.460 --> 38:03.720
There arose an illustrious series of
august personages who were forerunners or

38:03.720 --> 38:04.760
types of Christ.

38:05.260 --> 38:10.420
They exhibited to the church the offices
which her incarnate Savior was to fill and

38:10.420 --> 38:11.920
the work he was to execute.

38:12.440 --> 38:17.400
There stood up an order of prophetical men
who prefigured him as the great teacher.

38:18.060 --> 38:22.300
There stood up an order of sacrificial men
who prefigured him as the one priest.

38:22.920 --> 38:27.560
There stood up an order of kingly men who
prefigured himself as a monarch and a

38:27.560 --> 38:31.880
monarch who was to be higher and mightier
than any of the monarchs of earth.

38:32.560 --> 38:38.080
The kings of the house of Judah
foreshadowed him as a sprung of a royal

38:38.080 --> 38:44.480
stock and the heir of a throne which all
nations should serve and before which all

38:44.480 --> 38:45.500
kings should bow.

38:46.560 --> 38:51.840
Thus did the mystery of godliness work,
unfolding and still unfolding itself as

38:51.840 --> 38:57.440
the ages passed on, the type growing ever
the clearer and the prophecy ever the

38:57.440 --> 39:02.740
fuller, till at last the mystery stepped
out from behind the veil and stood before

39:02.740 --> 39:08.020
the world, perfected, finished,
and fully revealed in the person of Jesus

39:08.020 --> 39:14.720
of Nazareth, the Christ, God manifest in
the flesh and centering in his person and

39:14.720 --> 39:20.460
flowing out from it through his life and
ministry and death as raised from the sun

39:20.460 --> 39:23.360
were all the glorious doctrines of the
gospel.

39:25.200 --> 39:29.760
In like manner the mystery of iniquity
kept traveling by the same stages towards

39:29.760 --> 39:31.380
the day of its final revelation.

39:32.120 --> 39:35.260
It was not the production of one but of
many ages.

39:35.620 --> 39:37.800
The fashion of the world changed.

39:38.360 --> 39:42.640
Great empires which had filled the earth
with their glory and burdened it with

39:42.640 --> 39:45.080
their oppression went down into the grave.

39:45.860 --> 39:50.060
Worships arose with their powerful
hierarchies and grand ceremonials,

39:50.320 --> 39:55.560
and when their day was over passed away,
leaving only ruined fanes and deserted

39:55.560 --> 39:57.400
altars to tell that they had ever been.

39:58.300 --> 40:02.920
But the mystery of iniquity, as if
deathless, like the being which inspired

40:02.920 --> 40:05.520
it, refused to succumb to these shocks.

40:06.080 --> 40:11.900
It kept on its course over broken thrones
and desecrated altars, ever reaching forth

40:11.900 --> 40:16.620
to that high goal where it should show
itself to the nations and be the wonder of

40:16.620 --> 40:18.280
all that dwell upon the earth.

40:19.440 --> 40:23.780
Silently and stealthily this mystery
pursued its course.

40:24.440 --> 40:28.480
For ages and for generations it too was a
hidden mystery.

40:29.280 --> 40:31.540
Paul tells us that it was working in his
day.

40:32.300 --> 40:37.900
This warrants us to say that Antichrist
was then born and was making trial of his

40:37.900 --> 40:39.000
infantile powers.

40:40.460 --> 40:44.760
The world did not hear his working,
but Paul, by the spirit of prophecy,

40:44.940 --> 40:47.440
did so and sounded an alarm to the church.

40:48.320 --> 40:52.460
The Gnostics and other teachers of error
that had gone forth into the world so

40:52.460 --> 40:58.260
early as Paul's day were Antichrists,
and those in a special who propagated the

40:58.260 --> 41:02.760
delusion that it was a phantom which the
Jews seized and crucified on Calvary.

41:02.760 --> 41:07.300
They seemed to admit the mission of
Christ, yet they subverted the great end

41:07.300 --> 41:12.200
of his coming by denying his incarnation,
and by consequence the whole work of

41:12.200 --> 41:12.620
redemption.

41:13.360 --> 41:17.100
But though these teachers were
Antichristian, they were not the

41:17.100 --> 41:17.920
Antichrist.

41:18.620 --> 41:22.840
After them Paul gave warning that there
should come one far mightier than they,

41:23.320 --> 41:26.160
the lachet of whose shoes they were not
worthy to lose.

41:26.620 --> 41:29.320
They were misgrown and misshapen
Antichrists.

41:29.740 --> 41:33.920
Their system of error was immature,
and their power of attack contemptible

41:33.920 --> 41:38.220
compared with that full-grown
Antichristianism which would stand up on

41:38.220 --> 41:43.360
after days and say to the world,
I am Christ, and under that color make war

41:43.360 --> 41:44.920
upon the true Christ.

41:46.540 --> 41:50.880
Nay, even before the Apostles' day the
mystery of iniquity had begun to work.

41:51.460 --> 41:55.760
From the beginning Satan had made the line
of error to run parallel with the line of

41:55.760 --> 41:56.140
truth.

41:56.660 --> 42:01.120
He had been a close observer of God's plan
from the first, and he made it the model

42:01.120 --> 42:02.360
on which to form his own.

42:03.040 --> 42:08.000
Never was the divine plan advanced a stage
without Satan making a corresponding

42:08.000 --> 42:13.200
advance in his plan, as like to the other
as it was possible to make it in all

42:13.200 --> 42:17.400
outward respects, but essentially
antagonistic to it in principle and

42:17.400 --> 42:17.760
spirit.

42:18.420 --> 42:20.480
Satan has been a counterfeit from the
beginning.

42:21.080 --> 42:25.760
Even in the times of paganism he never
showed himself as an avowed adversary or

42:25.760 --> 42:26.900
waged open war.

42:27.340 --> 42:29.880
He nowhere established a system of
atheism.

42:30.340 --> 42:35.660
He permitted the great idea of a god to be
received in the pagan world, but he took

42:35.660 --> 42:39.580
care to intercept the influence of that
great truth in the heart and life by

42:39.580 --> 42:44.600
seducing men to the worship of many gods,
and these gods in man's own likeness.

42:45.040 --> 42:48.900
He set up altar against altar,
priesthood against priesthood,

42:49.140 --> 42:53.820
and sacrifice against sacrifice,
and he enlarged and beautified his ritual

42:53.820 --> 42:59.020
in the heathen world till it seemed no
unworthy rival of the divinely instituted

42:59.020 --> 43:01.100
ceremonial on Mount Moriah.

43:02.820 --> 43:07.820
Moreover, he sent forth pioneers to keep
alive expectation in the pagan world of

43:07.820 --> 43:10.100
some great one yet to come.

43:11.360 --> 43:15.800
He showed to the world a colossal picture
of the Antichrist, while yet he was at a

43:15.800 --> 43:16.180
distance.

43:16.640 --> 43:22.040
For what were the Caesars, king and priest
of the Roman world, but types of that more

43:22.040 --> 43:26.680
terrible power, temporal and spiritual,
that was to center in the chair of the

43:26.680 --> 43:27.140
Popes?

43:27.780 --> 43:32.820
That colossal image he kept full in the
world's view till the fullness of the time

43:32.820 --> 43:37.940
for Antichrist's appearance had arrived,
and then he withdrew the image and brought

43:37.940 --> 43:39.200
forth the great reality.

43:39.540 --> 43:44.700
The man of sin now come to his full birth,
though not as yet to his full stature,

43:44.940 --> 43:48.880
and he found for him a seat and throne on
the seven hills.

43:51.760 --> 43:52.820
Chapter 7.

43:53.360 --> 43:57.600
The pastor becomes a monarch, ten
centuries of climbing.

43:59.280 --> 44:03.780
Beginning his career in the days of Paul,
it was not till the 13th century that the

44:03.780 --> 44:07.420
man of sin reached his maturity and stood
before the world full-grown.

44:08.180 --> 44:13.000
During all these ages he kept stretching
himself higher and higher, piling

44:13.000 --> 44:18.380
assumption upon assumption and prerogative
upon prerogative, till at last he raised

44:18.380 --> 44:22.000
himself to a height from which he looked
down not only upon all churches,

44:22.260 --> 44:24.100
but upon all kings and kingdoms.

44:25.000 --> 44:28.740
He claimed to be the world's one bishop
and world's one monarch.

44:29.360 --> 44:34.620
In the first century he is seen as the
humble pastor, whose only care is to feed

44:34.620 --> 44:39.200
his flock, and who looks for no crown,
save that which the chief shepherd may be

44:39.200 --> 44:40.720
pleased to give him at his appearing.

44:41.880 --> 44:46.500
In the thirteenth he is beheld as a mighty
potentate, who stands with his foot

44:46.500 --> 44:49.340
planted on every throne and realm of
Christendom.

44:49.660 --> 44:54.380
He writes himself a king of kings,
and he claims by divine right to

44:54.380 --> 44:56.320
administer all the affairs of earth.

44:57.060 --> 45:02.400
If we accept Christianity, there is no
similar example in history of what was at

45:02.400 --> 45:04.900
first so small becoming in the end so
great.

45:05.600 --> 45:10.700
Three hundred popes and more are seen,
one after the other, steadily prosecuting

45:10.700 --> 45:15.420
this idea, without once relaxing in their
efforts or turning aside from the pursuit.

45:15.940 --> 45:20.240
Each in succession takes up the plan at
the point where his predecessor had left

45:20.240 --> 45:23.320
it, and carries it a stage nearer its
consummation.

45:23.840 --> 45:28.960
For thirteen hundred years on end,
we see the enterprise pushed forward with

45:28.960 --> 45:34.020
an undeviating constancy and an
unflinching courage, with a perseverance

45:34.020 --> 45:35.080
and a subtlety.

45:35.500 --> 45:40.260
In short, a combination of powers never
before seen working together for the

45:40.260 --> 45:42.020
realization of any other project.

45:43.380 --> 45:45.080
There is more than man here.

45:46.140 --> 45:50.460
The spirit who conceived this plan,
who inspired the actors and kept them

45:50.460 --> 45:55.460
working century after century on the same
lines till at last the goal was reached,

45:55.920 --> 45:57.320
was more than human.

45:58.880 --> 46:01.240
Paul tells us that its author was Satan.

46:02.660 --> 46:06.480
A great apostasy was to precede the rise
of the Antichrist.

46:07.240 --> 46:11.000
In truth, the man of sin was to grow out
of that apostasy.

46:12.280 --> 46:16.460
Be not troubled or alarmed, says the
apostle writing to the Thessalonians,

46:16.700 --> 46:19.980
as if time were to be wound up and Christ
were to return.

46:20.220 --> 46:25.300
Thessalonians 2 verses 2 and 3 says,
that day shall not come except there come

46:25.300 --> 46:29.320
a falling away first, and that man of sin
be revealed.

46:29.740 --> 46:34.200
Not a falling away, but the falling away,
as it is in the original Greek.

46:34.420 --> 46:36.760
Some great and notable apostasy.

46:36.980 --> 46:41.740
The church must pass through a dark and
terrible shadow before Christ shall

46:41.740 --> 46:42.240
return.

46:43.740 --> 46:47.620
The prophets had spoken not obscurely of
that evil time.

46:48.300 --> 46:50.140
It was a burden of Daniel's prophecy.

46:50.600 --> 46:53.380
It was repeated in the symbolic picturings
of John.

46:53.940 --> 46:57.980
Paul in his other writings had referred to
it, portraying with brief but vivid

46:57.980 --> 47:03.180
touches the essential characteristics of
the power which at that era was to cast

47:03.180 --> 47:04.840
his dark shadow on the world.

47:05.960 --> 47:10.420
Hardly had the early persecution ceased
till that falling away set in.

47:12.020 --> 47:16.560
Jerome lifts the veil in the fourth
century and disclosed a truly melancholy

47:16.560 --> 47:17.060
picture.

47:17.940 --> 47:23.040
In vain we look for the humility,
the simplicity and the purity of the early

47:23.040 --> 47:23.560
church.

47:24.400 --> 47:29.640
The gold refined in the furnace of ten
persecutions is waxing dim.

47:30.220 --> 47:35.180
The vine which Paul planted at Rome is
being transformed into the vine of Sodom.

47:35.840 --> 47:40.220
The pastors of the church are becoming
inflamed with the love of riches and are

47:40.220 --> 47:42.440
striving with one another for preeminence.

47:43.300 --> 47:49.300
Rome daily sees her bishop ride forth in a
gilded chariot drawn by prancing steeds.

47:50.040 --> 47:53.200
Her clergy show themselves attired in
robes of silk.

47:53.920 --> 47:57.960
The members of their flock crowd
alternately the church and the theater and

47:57.960 --> 48:03.640
rush with indecent haste from
superstitious rites performed at the tombs

48:03.640 --> 48:06.820
of the martyrs to the games and sports of
the circuits.

48:07.780 --> 48:10.500
The apostasy has fairly set in.

48:10.960 --> 48:14.120
The corruption grows with the current of
the centuries.

48:14.600 --> 48:16.520
It shapes itself into system.

48:16.920 --> 48:21.960
It builds error upon error and buttresses
itself all around with assumptions and

48:21.960 --> 48:22.740
falsehoods.

48:22.900 --> 48:27.820
The organization in which it enshrines
itself necessarily and naturally finds for

48:27.820 --> 48:29.460
itself a chief or head.

48:29.980 --> 48:32.240
Now comes the Pope and his hierarchy.

48:33.260 --> 48:34.940
The man of sin has appeared.

48:36.120 --> 48:39.380
He is seen to rise out of the earth of a
paganized Christianity.

48:39.860 --> 48:44.180
Like the soil from which he sprung,
he is pagan in essence, though a Christian

48:44.180 --> 48:44.800
in appearance.

48:45.560 --> 48:48.720
Several notable events helped him to
attain his full stature.

48:49.280 --> 48:53.620
We must indicate a few, not all of these,
for it is impossible to write the history

48:53.620 --> 48:55.700
of 13 centuries in one short chapter.

48:56.960 --> 49:00.260
The first event which contributed,
and contributed essentially to the

49:00.260 --> 49:03.860
development of the papacy, was the removal
of the Emperor from Rome.

49:04.440 --> 49:09.060
Had Caesar continued to reside in his old
capital, he would, as the phrase is,

49:09.160 --> 49:10.680
have sat upon the Pope.

49:11.240 --> 49:16.360
And this aspiring ecclesiastic could not
have shot up into the powerful potentate

49:16.360 --> 49:17.980
which prophecy had foretold.

49:18.440 --> 49:20.320
But Constantine, A.D.

49:20.780 --> 49:25.640
334, removed to the new Rome on the
Bosphorus, leaving the old capital of the

49:25.640 --> 49:30.380
world to the Bishop of Rome, who was
henceforth the first and most influential

49:30.380 --> 49:32.760
personage in that city.

49:34.080 --> 49:38.840
It was then, probably, that the idea of
founding an ecclesiastical monarchy

49:38.840 --> 49:40.480
suggested itself to him.

49:41.080 --> 49:45.320
He had fallen heir, by what must have
seemed a lucky accident, to the old

49:45.320 --> 49:46.320
capital of the world.

49:47.160 --> 49:51.660
He was, moreover, possessor of the chair
of Peter, or believed himself to be so.

49:52.080 --> 49:56.440
And out of these two, the old town of the
Caesars and the old chair of the Apostle,

49:57.120 --> 50:02.340
it might even be possible, so doubtless he
reasoned, to fabricate an empire that

50:02.340 --> 50:05.560
would one day rival and even overtop that
of the Emperor's.

50:06.220 --> 50:10.260
These, it might have been thought
beforehand, were but slender materials to

50:10.260 --> 50:11.980
bear the weight of so great an enterprise.

50:12.560 --> 50:16.500
Yet, with their help, and aided doubtless
by deeper than mere human counsel,

50:16.800 --> 50:21.260
he projected a sovereignty which has not
had its like on earth, which survived the

50:21.260 --> 50:24.820
fall of the Roman Empire, which lived
through all the convulsions and

50:24.820 --> 50:28.360
overturnings of the Middle Ages,
and which has come down to our day,

50:28.700 --> 50:34.120
and has the art, when men believe it about
to expire, of rallying its powers and

50:34.120 --> 50:35.360
coming back upon the world.

50:37.120 --> 50:41.200
About this time, moreover, the equality
which had reigned among the pastors of the

50:41.200 --> 50:43.380
church in the primitive age was broken.

50:44.280 --> 50:49.940
The bishops claimed superiority above the
presbyters, nor was their equality even

50:49.940 --> 50:51.300
among the bishops themselves.

50:52.060 --> 50:55.460
They took precedence not according to
their learning, or their talents,

50:55.560 --> 51:00.560
or their piety, but according to the rank
of the city in which their see was placed.

51:01.500 --> 51:05.980
Finally, a new and loftier order arose,
overtopping the Episcopate.

51:07.220 --> 51:13.900
Christendom was partitioned into five
great patriarchs, Rome, Constantinople,

51:14.520 --> 51:17.500
Antioch, Alexandria, and Jerusalem.

51:18.500 --> 51:23.420
These were the five great cities of the
Empire, and their bishops were constituted

51:23.420 --> 51:25.380
the five great princes of the church.

51:26.780 --> 51:30.720
Now came the momentous question,
for a while so keenly agitated,

51:31.200 --> 51:33.160
which of the five shall be the first?

51:34.580 --> 51:38.560
Constantinople claimed dishonor for her
patriarch, on the ground that it was the

51:38.560 --> 51:39.580
residence of the emperor.

51:40.820 --> 51:45.520
Antioch, Alexandria, and Jerusalem each
put in its claim, but to no effect.

51:47.020 --> 51:50.400
Constantinople found, however,
a powerful rival in the old city on the

51:50.400 --> 51:51.220
banks of the Tiber.

51:52.120 --> 51:55.320
Rome had been the head of the world,
the throne of the Caesars.

51:55.820 --> 52:00.480
Around it was still the halo of a thousand
victories, and that gave it a mysterious

52:00.480 --> 52:05.480
influence over the imaginations of men,
who began to see in its bishop the first

52:05.480 --> 52:07.400
ecclesiastic of the Christian world.

52:08.360 --> 52:13.240
The popular suffrage had pronounced in
favor of the Roman bishop before his rank

52:13.240 --> 52:15.100
had received imperial ratification.

52:15.900 --> 52:20.880
He was installed as the first of the five
patriarchs in AD 606.

52:22.220 --> 52:27.200
The emperor Phocas, displeased with the
bishop of Constantinople, who had

52:27.200 --> 52:30.780
condemned the murder of Maurice,
by which Phocas opened his way to the

52:30.780 --> 52:34.980
imperial dignity, made Boniface the third
universal bishop.

52:35.760 --> 52:40.820
The imperial edict, however, gave to the
Roman bishop only the precedence among the

52:40.820 --> 52:41.860
five patriarchs.

52:42.160 --> 52:45.180
It gave him no power or jurisdiction over
them.

52:47.340 --> 52:51.660
Mere rank the bishops of Rome held to be
but an empty honor.

52:52.240 --> 52:54.880
What they coveted was substantial power.

52:55.680 --> 53:00.040
Their policy was now shaped with a view of
reducing the whole clergy of the church

53:00.040 --> 53:04.620
into obedience to the Roman chair,
and exalting the popes to supreme and

53:04.620 --> 53:05.800
absolute sovereignty.

53:06.860 --> 53:10.840
Centuries passed away, in the course of
which, by the help of many an artifice,

53:11.240 --> 53:15.660
and under cover of many a pretext,
the Roman bishops slowly extended their

53:15.660 --> 53:16.840
power over the West.

53:17.660 --> 53:21.800
The darkness which accompanied the descent
of the Gothic nations favored their

53:21.800 --> 53:23.360
project in a high degree.

53:24.760 --> 53:28.960
Bad wares, says Puffendorf in his
introduction to the history of Europe,

53:29.240 --> 53:32.760
are best vended in the dark, or at least
in a dim light.

53:34.240 --> 53:38.400
Some of the wares vended in these dark
times were sufficiently remarkable.

53:38.960 --> 53:41.000
Out of many, we give but two examples.

53:41.780 --> 53:47.260
The Emperor Constantine, by his last will
and testament, was made to bequeath to

53:47.260 --> 53:52.500
Sylvester, Bishop of Rome, the whole
Western Empire, including palace,

53:52.840 --> 53:56.020
regalia, and all the belongings of the
master of the world.

53:57.220 --> 54:00.340
A goodly dowry, verily, for the poor
fishermen.

54:01.420 --> 54:07.240
Then came another windfall to the papacy,
in the shape of the decretals of Isidore.

54:07.780 --> 54:12.900
This last showed the church, to her equal
surprise and delight, that her popes from

54:12.900 --> 54:17.820
Peter downwards had held the same state,
lived in the same magnificence,

54:18.020 --> 54:22.920
and promulgated their pontifical will in
briefs, edicts, and bulls, in the same

54:22.920 --> 54:27.240
authoritative and lordly style as the
grand popes of the Middle Ages.

54:28.620 --> 54:31.960
Both documents, it is unnecessary to say,
were sure forgeries.

54:32.660 --> 54:35.060
They are acknowledged by Romanists to be
so.

54:35.680 --> 54:38.520
They could not have stood a moment's
scrutiny in an enlightened age,

54:38.800 --> 54:42.200
but they were accepted as genuine in the
darkness of the times that gave them

54:42.200 --> 54:45.540
birth, and vast conclusions were founded
upon them.

54:47.580 --> 54:53.180
The fabrications of Isidore were made the
substructions of canon law, and that

54:53.180 --> 54:58.540
stupendous fabric of legislation is still
maintained to be of divine authority,

54:58.860 --> 55:03.860
despite that it is now acknowledged to be
founded on a forgery.

55:05.700 --> 55:09.640
The northern nations arrived in southern
Europe in the fifth and succeeding

55:09.640 --> 55:11.620
centuries, ignorant of Christianity.

55:12.380 --> 55:16.300
This was another cause that favored the
advancement of the man of sin.

55:17.080 --> 55:21.780
These nations, on their arrival in Italy,
beheld a great spiritual potentate seated

55:21.780 --> 55:22.840
in the chair of Caesar.

55:23.100 --> 55:27.500
He told them that he was the successor of
Peter the Apostle, whom Christ had

55:27.500 --> 55:31.480
constituted his vicar on earth,
with power to transmit all his

55:31.480 --> 55:35.640
prerogatives, spiritual and temporal,
to his successors in his office.

55:36.720 --> 55:40.480
This was the only gospel the Pope ever
preached to the barbarian tribes,

55:40.880 --> 55:44.320
and they had no means of testing the
legitimacy of these mighty claims.

55:45.580 --> 55:50.300
In the Pope himself, they recognized no
very distant resemblance to their own

55:50.300 --> 55:51.160
archdruid.

55:51.840 --> 55:56.200
The rites of the Roman temples were not
unlike the worship they had practiced in

55:56.200 --> 55:57.080
their pagan homes.

55:57.860 --> 56:02.620
They had easy access to the baptismal
font, their pagan beliefs and manners

56:02.620 --> 56:03.880
forming no impediment.

56:04.720 --> 56:09.160
Nation after nation entered the Roman
pale, the Franks leading the way,

56:09.580 --> 56:12.860
and earning for themselves the title of
the eldest son of the church.

56:13.540 --> 56:19.100
The Gothic nations had found in the Pope
before whose chair they now bowed down a

56:19.100 --> 56:20.680
common spiritual father.

56:21.700 --> 56:25.660
Thus was accomplished another notable
stage in the development of the papacy.

56:26.860 --> 56:31.560
His dignity enhanced by this vast
accession of new subjects, the Pope

56:31.560 --> 56:37.520
himself set to strengthen his power within
the church by completing the subjection

56:37.520 --> 56:39.120
and vassalage of the clergy.

56:39.900 --> 56:43.640
He let slip no opportunity that offered to
compass this end.

56:44.160 --> 56:48.420
Since the fifth century, the bishops who
lived on this side of the Alps used to go

56:48.420 --> 56:51.920
to Rome to visit the sepulchers of the
apostles Peter and Paul.

56:52.200 --> 56:57.080
This journey was a voluntary one being
undertaken to gratify the devout or

56:57.080 --> 57:00.920
superstitious feelings of the pious
excursionist.

57:01.500 --> 57:07.300
In no long time it was made obligatory,
and those who failed to present themselves

57:07.300 --> 57:13.240
at the apostolic threshold were subjected
to rebuke as lukewarm in their devotion to

57:13.240 --> 57:14.120
the Holy Chair.

57:15.180 --> 57:18.860
It was next interpreted in the sense that
the itinerant bishops had sought

57:18.860 --> 57:22.960
confirmation at Rome and that all bishops
ought to go there for that end.

57:23.620 --> 57:27.820
Thus there came another accession of
prerogative and dignity to the papal

57:27.820 --> 57:28.160
chair.

57:29.680 --> 57:33.940
Further, it was a usual practice of
churches and bishops to ask the advice of

57:33.940 --> 57:38.180
the Roman Church in matters of consequence
and difficulty or crave the right

57:38.180 --> 57:40.320
interpretation of particular canons.

57:40.940 --> 57:44.340
When they at Rome perceived that their
advice was taken as a decision,

57:44.740 --> 57:48.880
they began to send their decrees before
they were demanded on pretense that Rome,

57:49.020 --> 57:53.000
being the first sea of the Christian
world, her bishop ought to take care that

57:53.000 --> 57:57.440
the canons and ecclesiastical laws were
duly kept.

57:58.180 --> 58:02.340
Hence another encroachment upon the
liberties of churches and pastors and

58:02.340 --> 58:05.560
another accession to papal dignity and
jurisdiction.

58:07.000 --> 58:12.400
And further, when differences or quarrels
arose between bishop and bishop or between

58:12.400 --> 58:17.400
church and church, nothing was more
natural that for the parties at variance

58:17.400 --> 58:19.940
to solicit the mediation of the bishop of
Rome.

58:20.420 --> 58:26.140
The pope willingly undertook the task of
composing their contentions, but the price

58:26.140 --> 58:29.800
he exacted was a still further surrender
of the liberties of the church.

58:30.440 --> 58:35.160
He thence took occasion to assume the
office of a judge and to represent his

58:35.160 --> 58:38.620
chair as a tribunal to which he had a
right to summon parties.

58:39.700 --> 58:44.940
At times he came in between the
Metropolitan and his diocesan and on one

58:44.940 --> 58:48.900
pretext or another deposed the latter to
the waking of the jurisdiction of the

58:48.900 --> 58:49.240
former.

58:50.260 --> 58:53.560
Moreover, it sometimes happened that
parties who had been condemned before

58:53.560 --> 58:57.900
provincial tribunals were encouraged to
appeal to Rome, where the cause was

58:57.900 --> 59:01.380
reheard and the provincial sentence it
might be revoked.

59:01.960 --> 59:06.360
By these stealthy and persistent steps,
the pope contrived to keep on the

59:06.360 --> 59:07.380
ascending grade.

59:08.660 --> 59:12.720
There followed other most ingenious
devices all for the same end.

59:13.420 --> 59:16.020
Among these was the Paul of consecration.

59:16.600 --> 59:20.640
The Paul was sent to all bishops from the
pope at first as a gift.

59:21.600 --> 59:26.020
It was next represented as indispensable
and that without it no bishops could

59:26.020 --> 59:27.900
discharge the functions of his office.

59:29.100 --> 59:33.780
Thus a new hold was obtained over the
clergy and a new method invented of

59:33.780 --> 59:39.200
replenishing the papal coffers for a high
price was put on this mystic article of

59:39.200 --> 59:43.220
dress which was woven of the wool of the
lambs of St. Agnes.

59:45.160 --> 59:48.060
To the same end were annats imposed.

59:48.420 --> 59:52.680
This was the sum paid by bishops when they
changed from one seat to another,

59:53.240 --> 59:56.200
a practice allowed by the pope for the
gain it brought him.

59:57.080 --> 01:00:00.460
The multiplication of monks and friars
tended to the same end.

01:00:01.000 --> 01:00:05.380
The pope summoned into existence the core
of the regular clergy to play them off

01:00:05.380 --> 01:00:06.980
against the army of the seculars.

01:00:07.600 --> 01:00:09.940
He acted on the maxim divide and conquer.

01:00:10.560 --> 01:00:12.440
The monks were a check upon the bishops.

01:00:12.720 --> 01:00:15.440
They watched their proceedings and carried
their report to Rome.

01:00:16.180 --> 01:00:20.580
They had acquired a vast reputation for
holiness and the direction of consciences

01:00:20.580 --> 01:00:23.080
through the confessional was mainly in
their hands.

01:00:23.080 --> 01:00:28.840
They had discovered the secret of amassing
riches by the arts of mendicancy.

01:00:29.700 --> 01:00:32.920
They swarmed over Europe and were
thoroughly devoted to the interests of the

01:00:32.920 --> 01:00:33.580
papal see.

01:00:34.460 --> 01:00:38.580
And if any bishop set himself in
opposition to the pope, they raised such a

01:00:38.580 --> 01:00:43.300
clamor against him as speedily convinced
him that he had no alternative but

01:00:43.300 --> 01:00:43.820
submission.

01:00:46.100 --> 01:00:49.980
Especially did the English monk Winfred,
who changed his name to Boniface,

01:00:50.460 --> 01:00:52.200
enlarge the papal dominion.

01:00:52.760 --> 01:00:56.900
This man is commonly but erroneously
credited with the first Christianization

01:00:56.900 --> 01:00:57.560
of Germany.

01:00:58.340 --> 01:01:02.440
Invested with the authority of the Pope's
legate, he traversed the countries on the

01:01:02.440 --> 01:01:06.560
east of the Rhone, rooting out the schools
and churches of the evangelical faith,

01:01:06.940 --> 01:01:10.440
which had been numerously planted in that
region of Europe by the coldie

01:01:10.440 --> 01:01:15.360
missionaries of the Irish and Scottish
nations, substituting in their room Roman

01:01:15.360 --> 01:01:17.060
monasteries and cathedrals.

01:01:17.620 --> 01:01:23.540
This was the work of Boniface,
a work well pleasing to Rome, inasmuch as

01:01:23.540 --> 01:01:26.480
it greatly widened the bounds of the
pontifical sway.

01:01:27.560 --> 01:01:32.200
Among the events of these disastrous ages,
contributing to the growth of the papal

01:01:32.200 --> 01:01:35.200
power, not the least influential were the
crusades.

01:01:35.580 --> 01:01:39.360
They evoked a mighty outburst of
enthusiasm around the papal chair.

01:01:39.820 --> 01:01:44.220
They placed powerful kings, vast
treasures, and countless soldiers at the

01:01:44.220 --> 01:01:45.200
service of the pope.

01:01:45.780 --> 01:01:50.320
He took it into his own management,
the estates of those who went to fight for

01:01:50.320 --> 01:01:53.740
the recovery of the Holy Land,
exempting their owners from the

01:01:53.740 --> 01:01:57.800
jurisdiction of the civil power,
in both civil and criminal causes.

01:01:58.260 --> 01:02:02.540
When the fury of the crusades had spent
itself, it was found that the spirit of

01:02:02.540 --> 01:02:07.780
princes was broken, their resources dried
up, their realms impoverished by the loss

01:02:07.780 --> 01:02:11.180
of their subjects, and the only
institution that had profited by the

01:02:11.180 --> 01:02:18.660
frenzy was the papacy, which now every
other interest abased, rose aloft in

01:02:18.660 --> 01:02:20.300
greater grandeur than ever.

01:02:21.160 --> 01:02:22.620
Nor was this the end of the matter.

01:02:23.060 --> 01:02:28.080
The fanatical fury which had found its
first fearful discharge on the plains of

01:02:28.080 --> 01:02:33.480
Syria was diverted back to the land whence
it had come, and there it vented without

01:02:33.480 --> 01:02:37.760
exhausting itself in those bloody
persecutions and wars against heretics

01:02:37.760 --> 01:02:40.880
which raged for centuries in Christendom.

01:02:43.080 --> 01:02:50.160
Chapter 8 The King with the Three Crowns
The Vicar The Crusades have carried us

01:02:50.160 --> 01:02:51.520
into the 13th century.

01:02:52.140 --> 01:02:55.960
We must turn back to the 8th and 9th
centuries and note certain political

01:02:55.960 --> 01:02:59.720
changes that occurred in those ages,
which contributed material aid to the

01:02:59.720 --> 01:03:01.800
papacy in fulfilling its destiny.

01:03:02.400 --> 01:03:06.580
It was the deep aim of the Pope to plant
his seat in a place where he should owe no

01:03:06.580 --> 01:03:08.360
subjection to any civil power.

01:03:08.360 --> 01:03:13.040
He desired to have a country of his own,
such as might be sufficient to maintain

01:03:13.040 --> 01:03:17.360
his grandeur, and whence he should reign
as a temporal king as well as a spiritual

01:03:17.360 --> 01:03:17.860
sovereign.

01:03:18.360 --> 01:03:21.280
For a business like this, much time and
labor were needed.

01:03:21.740 --> 01:03:26.120
The project was manifestly unattainable so
long as an emperor reigned in the West,

01:03:26.420 --> 01:03:28.820
or the Gothic monarchy subsisted in Italy.

01:03:28.820 --> 01:03:33.700
But strange to say, events conspired to
make empty and void a place where the Pope

01:03:33.700 --> 01:03:37.800
might set up his combined spiritual and
temporal sovereignty, so long his

01:03:37.800 --> 01:03:39.420
cherished but unavowed aim.

01:03:40.220 --> 01:03:44.240
The first step was the overthrow of the
Gothic power in Italy by Justinian.

01:03:45.020 --> 01:03:47.940
Italy and Rome now became a province of
the Eastern Empire.

01:03:47.940 --> 01:03:52.760
The jurisdiction of the absent emperor was
henceforward shadowy and weak,

01:03:52.900 --> 01:03:57.600
but even that slight restraint was
impatiently borne, and Pope Gregory II

01:03:57.600 --> 01:03:59.920
began to plot how to be rid of it
altogether.

01:04:00.580 --> 01:04:04.680
The conflict between the Eastern and
Western churches on the subject of image

01:04:04.680 --> 01:04:05.900
worship was then raging.

01:04:06.640 --> 01:04:09.420
The Romans zealously maintained the cause
of images.

01:04:09.420 --> 01:04:12.940
The emperor with the Eastern church were
ranged in opposition.

01:04:13.940 --> 01:04:17.460
Pope Gregory instigated the Romans to
refuse the tribute to the emperor.

01:04:17.940 --> 01:04:19.420
The revolt was successful.

01:04:19.880 --> 01:04:25.420
The imperial representative at Ravenna was
slain, and the last vestiges of the

01:04:25.420 --> 01:04:28.520
emperor's jurisdiction over Rome and Italy
were annihilated.

01:04:29.360 --> 01:04:32.680
It is worthy of note, by the way,
that the Romans, by their revolt against

01:04:32.680 --> 01:04:36.520
their lawful emperor, put their necks
under a yoke that continued to gall them

01:04:36.520 --> 01:04:37.620
for twelve centuries.

01:04:37.620 --> 01:04:41.100
They did not succeed in breaking it until
1870.

01:04:42.740 --> 01:04:47.480
The Pope was now in sight of independent
temporal sovereignty, but he had not yet

01:04:47.480 --> 01:04:48.500
fully achieved it.

01:04:49.340 --> 01:04:51.140
Tidings out of the North troubled him.

01:04:51.920 --> 01:04:55.580
The Longobards had crossed the Alps and
were already at Ravenna.

01:04:56.160 --> 01:05:00.380
There was no power in the spiritual
artillery to arrest the victorious advance

01:05:00.380 --> 01:05:01.640
of these hardy warriors.

01:05:02.200 --> 01:05:07.260
In his extremity, Pope Zachary turned his
eyes to Pepin, who, from Grand Marshal,

01:05:07.320 --> 01:05:08.600
had become King of France.

01:05:09.680 --> 01:05:11.640
The Pope did not supplicate in vain.

01:05:12.480 --> 01:05:15.680
Pepin I and his son Charlemagne next,
A.D.

01:05:16.160 --> 01:05:21.280
774, conquered the Longobards and endowed
the papal chair with all the cities and

01:05:21.280 --> 01:05:25.260
lands in Italy which had been subject to
the jurisdiction of the Greek rulers.

01:05:25.920 --> 01:05:27.880
The Pope was now a crowned monarch.

01:05:28.800 --> 01:05:33.500
This was the third intervention by arms in
the Pope's behalf, and the third Gothic

01:05:33.500 --> 01:05:35.340
power which had fallen before him.

01:05:35.720 --> 01:05:39.780
First, the Vandals established themselves
in the diocese proper of the Pope,

01:05:40.180 --> 01:05:44.180
occupying his predestined domain and
hindering his predestined development.

01:05:45.300 --> 01:05:49.700
The arms of Justinian, under his general
Belisarius, swept them off.

01:05:50.640 --> 01:05:55.080
Second, the Ostrogoths planted themselves
in Italy, and their near neighborhood

01:05:55.080 --> 01:05:57.400
overawed the Pope and prevented his
expansion.

01:05:58.060 --> 01:06:00.800
They too were rooted out by the arms of
Justinian.

01:06:01.440 --> 01:06:05.280
Last came, as we have said, the
Longobards, pressing onwards to the gates

01:06:05.280 --> 01:06:05.780
of Rome.

01:06:06.420 --> 01:06:08.660
The sword of France drove them back.

01:06:08.660 --> 01:06:13.260
Thus a field was kept clear on which the
Pope might develop both his spiritual and

01:06:13.260 --> 01:06:14.180
temporal sovereignty.

01:06:15.200 --> 01:06:20.860
And thus was fulfilled what Daniel,
in chapter 7, verse 8, had foretold,

01:06:21.080 --> 01:06:27.320
that of the ten horns, or dynasties,
of the modern Europe, three should be

01:06:27.320 --> 01:06:30.180
plucked up before the little horn,
or papacy.

01:06:30.180 --> 01:06:35.060
Their kingdoms and crowns were given to
the Pope, and it is probable that it was,

01:06:35.180 --> 01:06:39.140
in memory of these events, that it became
customary for the Pope, in the following

01:06:39.140 --> 01:06:41.460
centuries, to array himself in a tiara.

01:06:42.280 --> 01:06:46.660
The pastor of the Tiber had become a
monarch with a triple crown.

01:06:48.140 --> 01:06:49.340
Was the Pope now content?

01:06:50.180 --> 01:06:53.060
He sat amid the princes and kings of earth
as their equal.

01:06:53.980 --> 01:06:59.060
But to be simply their equal, he held to
be an affront to his superhuman office as

01:06:59.060 --> 01:07:00.480
God's vice-regent.

01:07:00.820 --> 01:07:05.780
He aspired to plant his throne among the
stars, and thus look down upon all the

01:07:05.780 --> 01:07:07.640
dignities and princedoms of earth.

01:07:08.420 --> 01:07:11.540
And to this dazzling height he at last
climbed up.

01:07:12.640 --> 01:07:18.220
There arose in the eleventh century a Pope
of vast capability, of inflexible

01:07:18.220 --> 01:07:21.360
resolution, and towering pride.

01:07:22.360 --> 01:07:24.780
Gregory VII, Hildebrand.

01:07:25.520 --> 01:07:31.560
He put before the world with a precision,
a boldness, and an argumentative force,

01:07:31.620 --> 01:07:36.840
never till then brought to its support the
claim to be the Vicar of Christ.

01:07:38.160 --> 01:07:42.940
This was the foundation stone on which he
rested his scheme of pontifical

01:07:42.940 --> 01:07:44.300
jurisdiction and grandeur.

01:07:44.300 --> 01:07:50.920
As Christ's Vicar, he claimed to surpass
all earthly monarchs in glory and power as

01:07:50.920 --> 01:07:53.600
far as the sun surpasses the moon in
brightness.

01:07:55.020 --> 01:07:58.300
He claimed, in short, to be God upon the
earth.

01:07:59.620 --> 01:08:03.040
There followed a series of Popes who
struggled through two dreadful centuries

01:08:03.040 --> 01:08:06.380
of war and bloodshed to convert Gregory's
theory into fact.

01:08:07.080 --> 01:08:11.860
The struggle was successful in the end,
the miter triumphed over the empire.

01:08:11.860 --> 01:08:18.020
The scheme of Gregory VII, in all its
amplitude of jurisdiction and

01:08:18.020 --> 01:08:21.940
magnificence, and, we may add,
in all its amplitude of despotism and

01:08:21.940 --> 01:08:27.040
blasphemy, was exhibited to the world in
the person and reign of Innocent III in

01:08:27.040 --> 01:08:28.080
the thirteenth century.

01:08:28.660 --> 01:08:32.820
The history of the world does not show
another achievement of equal magnitude.

01:08:32.820 --> 01:08:37.160
The glory of the pharaohs, the state and
power of the kings of Babylon,

01:08:37.580 --> 01:08:41.700
the victories and magnificence of the
Caesars all pale before this great

01:08:41.700 --> 01:08:43.140
conquest of the Popes.

01:08:43.860 --> 01:08:46.900
Now had come the noon of the papacy.

01:08:47.940 --> 01:08:51.320
But, as we have remarked elsewhere,
the noon of the Popedom was the midnight

01:08:51.320 --> 01:08:52.080
of the world.

01:08:53.080 --> 01:08:58.040
The career, both of Christ and of
Antichrist, was to end on a throne,

01:08:58.040 --> 01:09:03.620
though each was to reach his destined
elevation by a very different road.

01:09:04.360 --> 01:09:08.780
Not till we find them on their respective
thrones shall we see the parallelism

01:09:08.780 --> 01:09:10.200
perfected and completed.

01:09:11.100 --> 01:09:13.720
This we must reserve for a subsequent
chapter.

01:09:14.580 --> 01:09:19.260
Meanwhile, we pursue the parallelism
through its successive preparatory stages

01:09:19.260 --> 01:09:21.720
till it reaches this great climax.

01:09:24.060 --> 01:09:27.780
This ends tape one of the papacy as the
Antichrist by the Rev.

01:09:27.920 --> 01:09:28.500
Dr. J.

01:09:28.580 --> 01:09:28.720
A.

01:09:28.840 --> 01:09:30.260
Wiley, read by W.

01:09:30.300 --> 01:09:30.480
J.

01:09:30.660 --> 01:09:33.720
Mancaro, and produced by Stillwater's
Revival Books.

01:09:34.040 --> 01:09:37.240
Thank you for listening, and we hope you
will go on to the next tape in this

01:09:37.240 --> 01:09:37.600
series.

01:09:38.080 --> 01:09:41.300
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01:09:41.500 --> 01:09:45.740
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