WEBVTT

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The conversion of Cyprian had a great
effect on the pagan gentleman who paid his

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addresses to Justina, and he in a short
time embraced Christianity.

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During the persecutions of Diocletian,
Cyprian and Justina were seized upon as

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Christians, the former was torn with
pincers and the latter chastised,

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and after suffering other torments,
both were beheaded.

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Eulalia, a Spanish lady of a Christian
family, was remarkable in her youth for

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sweetness of temper and solidity of
understanding seldom found in the

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capriciousness of juvenile years.

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Being apprehended as a Christian,
the magistrate attempted by the mildest

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means to bring her over to paganism,
but she ridiculed the pagan deities with

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such asperity that the judge, incensed at
her behaviour, ordered her to be tortured.

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Her sides were accordingly torn by hooks
and her breasts burnt in the most shocking

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manner until she expired by the violence
of the flames, December AD 303.

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In the year 304, when the persecution
reached Spain, Dacian, the governor of

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Tarragona, ordered Valerius the bishop and
Vincent the deacon to be seethed,

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loaded with irons and imprisoned.

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The prisoners being firm in their
resolution, Valerius was banished and

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Vincent was racked, his limbs dislocated,
his flesh torn with hooks, and he was laid

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on a gridiron which had not only a fire
placed under it, but spikes at the top

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which ran into his flesh.

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These torments neither destroying him nor
changing his resolutions, he was remanded

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to prison and confined in a small
loathsome dark dungeon, strewed with sharp

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flints and pieces of broken glass,
where he died, January 22 304.

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His body was thrown into the river.

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The persecution of Diocletian began
particularly to rage in AD 304,

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when many Christians were put to cruel
tortures and the most painful and

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ignominious deaths, the most eminent and
particular of whom we shall enumerate.

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Saturninus, a priest of Albertina,
a town of Africa, after being tortured,

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was remanded to prison and there starved
to death.

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His four children, after being variously
tormented, shared the same fate with their

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father.

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Dativus, a noble Roman senator,
Thelico, a pious Christian, Victoria,

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a young lady of considerable family and
fortune, with some others of less

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consideration, all auditors of Saturninus,
were tortured in a similar manner and

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perished by the same means.

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Agrippe, Keonia and Irene, three sisters,
were seized upon at Thessalonica when

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Diocletian's persecutions reached Greece.

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They were burnt and received the crown of
martyrdom in the flames, March 25,

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AD 304.

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The governor, finding that he could make
no impression on Irene, ordered her to be

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exposed naked in the streets, which,
shameful order having been executed,

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a fire was kindled near the city wall
amidst whose flames her spirit ascended

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beyond the reach of man's cruelty.

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Agatho, a man of a pious turn of mind,
with Cassisi, Philippa and Eutychia,

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were martyred about the same time,
but the particulars have not been

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transmitted to us.

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Marcellinus, bishop of Rome who succeeded
Caius in that sea, having strongly opposed

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paying divine honours to Diocletian,
suffered martyrdom by a variety of

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tortures in the year 324, comforting his
soul until he expired with the prospect of

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these glorious rewards it would receive by
the tortures suffered in the body.

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Victorius, Carpophorus, Severus and
Severianus were brothers, and all four

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employed in places of great trust and
honour in the city of Rome.

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Having exclaimed against the worship of
idols, they were apprehended and scourged

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with the plumbetti or scourges,
to the ends of which were fastened leaden

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balls.

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This punishment was exercised with such
excess of cruelty that the pious brothers

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fell martyrs to its severity.

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Timothy, a deacon of Mauretania,
and Maura, his wife, had not been united

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together by the bands of wedlock above
three weeks, when they were separated from

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each other by the persecution.

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Timothy, being apprehended as a Christian,
was carried before Ariannas, the governor

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of Thebaeus, who, knowing that he had the
keeping of the holy scriptures,

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commanded him to deliver them up to be
burnt, to which he answered, Had I

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children, I would sooner deliver them up
to be sacrificed than part with the word

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of God.

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The governor, being much incensed at this
reply, ordered his eyes to be put out with

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red-hot irons, saying, The books shall at
least be useless to you, for you shall not

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see to read them.

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His patience under the operation was so
great that the governor grew more

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exasperated.

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He therefore, in order, if possible,
to overcome his fortitude, ordered him to

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be hung up by the feet with a weight tied
about his neck and a gag in his mouth.

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In this state, Maura, his wife,
tenderly urged him for her sake to recant,

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but when the gag was taken out of his
mouth, instead of consenting to his wife's

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entreaties, he greatly blamed her mistaken
love and declared his resolution of dying

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for the faith.

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The consequence was that Maura resolved to
imitate his courage and fidelity,

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either to accompany or follow him to
glory.

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The governor, after trying in vain to
alter her resolution, ordered her to be

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tortured, which was executed with great
severity.

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After this, Timothy and Maura were
crucified near each other, A.D.

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304.

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Sabinus, bishop of Assisium, refusing to
sacrifice to Jupiter and pushing the idol

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from him, had his hand cut off by the
order of the governor of Tuscany.

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While in prison he converted the governor
and his family, all of whom suffered

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martyrdom for the faith.

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Soon after their execution, Sabinus
himself was scourged to death,

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December, A.D.

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304.

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Tired with the farce of state and public
business, the emperor Diocletian resigned

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the imperial diadem and was succeeded by
Constantius and Galerius, the former

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prince of the most mild and humane
disposition, and the latter equally

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remarkable for his cruelty and tyranny.

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These divided the empire into two equal
governments, Galerius ruling in the east

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and Constantius in the west, and the
people in the two governments felt the

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effects of the dispositions of the two
emperors, for those in the west were

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governed in the mildest manner,
but such as resided in the east felt all

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the miseries of oppression and lengthened
tortures.

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Among the many martyred by the order of
Galerius, we shall enumerate the most

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eminent.

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Amphionus was a gentleman of eminence in
Lucia, and a scholar of Eusebius.

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Julita, a Lycaonian of royal descent,
but more celebrated for her virtues than

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noble blood.

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While on the rack, her child was killed
before her face.

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Julita of Cappadocia was a lady of
distinguished capacity, great virtue,

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and uncommon courage.

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To complete the execution, Julita had
boiling pitch poured on her feet,

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her sides torn with hooks, and received
the conclusion of her martyrdom by being

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beheaded, April 16, A.D.

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305.

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Hermuleus, a venerable and pious Christian
of a great age, and an intimate

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acquaintance of Pantelians, suffered
martyrdom for the faith on the same day,

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and in the same manner as Pantelian.

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Eustratius, secretary to the governor of
Armena, was thrown into a fiery furnace

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for exhorting some Christians who had been
apprehended to persevere in their faith.

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Nicander and Martian, two eminent Roman
military officers, were apprehended on

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account of their faith.

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As they were both men of great abilities
in their profession, the utmost means were

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used to induce them to renounce
Christianity, but these endeavours being

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found ineffectual, they were beheaded.

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In the kingdom of Naples, several
martyrdoms took place.

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In particular, Januarius, bishop of
Beneventum, Socius, deacon of Mycenae,

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Proculus, another deacon, Eutychius and
Acuteus, two laymen, Festus, a deacon,

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and Desiderius, a reader, all on account
of being Christians, were condemned by the

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governor of Campania to be devoured by the
wild beasts.

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The savage animals, however, would not
touch them, and so they were beheaded.

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Quirinus, bishop of Sicia, being carried
before Metineus, the governor,

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was ordered to sacrifice to the pagan
deities, agreeably to the edicts of

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various Roman emperors.

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The governor, perceiving his constancy,
sent him to jail and ordered him to be

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heavily ironed, flattering himself that
the hardships of a jail, some occasional

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tortures and the weight of chains,
might overcome his resolution.

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Being decided in his principles,
he was sent to Amantius, the principal

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governor of Pannonia, now Hungary,
who loaded him with chains and carried him

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through the principal towns of the Danube,
exposing him to ridicule wherever he went.

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Arriving at length at Sabaria,
and finding that Quirinus would not

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renounce his faith, he ordered him to be
cast into a river with a stone fastened

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about his neck.

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This sentence being put into execution,
Quirinus floated about for some time,

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and exhorting the people in the most pious
terms, concluded his admonitions with this

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prayer.

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It is no new thing, O all-powerful Jesus,
for thee to stop the course of rivers,

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or to cause a man to walk upon the water,
as thou didst thy servant Peter.

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The people have already seen the proof of
thy power in me.

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Grant me now to lay down my life for thy
sake, O my God.

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On pronouncing the last words,
he immediately sank and died June 4,

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A.D.

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308.

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His body was afterwards taken up and
buried by some pious Christians.

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Pamphilus, a native of Phoenicia,
of a considerable family, was a man of

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such extensive learning that he was called
a second origin.

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He was received into the body of the
clergy at Caesarea, where he established a

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public library and spent his time in the
practice of every Christian virtue.

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He copied the greatest part of the works
of origin with his own hand, and,

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assisted by Eusebius, gave a correct copy
of the Old Testament, which had suffered

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greatly by the ignorance or negligence of
former transcribers.

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In the year 307 he was apprehended and
suffered torture and martyrdom.

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Marcellus, Bishop of Rome, being banished
on account of his faith, fell a martyr to

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the miseries he suffered in exile,
Jan.

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16, A.D.

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310.

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Peter, the sixteenth Bishop of Alexandria,
was martyred Nov.

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25, A.D.

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311, by order of Maximus Caesar,
who reigned in the East.

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Agnes, a virgin of only thirteen years of
age, was beheaded for being a Christian,

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as was Cyrene, the Empress of Diocletian.

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Valentine, a priest, suffered the same
fate at Rome, and Erasmus, a bishop,

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was martyred in Campania.

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Soon after this, the persecution abated in
the middle parts of the Empire,

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as well as in the West, and Providence at
length began to manifest vengeance on the

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persecutors.

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Maximian endeavoured to corrupt his
daughter Fausta to murder Constantine,

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her husband, which she discovered,
and Constantine forced him to choose his

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own death, when he preferred the
ignominious death of hanging, after being

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an emperor near twenty years.

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Constantine was the good and virtuous
child of a good and virtuous father,

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born in Britain.

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His mother was named Helena, daughter of
King Coilus.

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He was a most bountiful and gracious
prince, having a desire to nourish

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learning and the good arts, and did
oftentimes used to read, write,

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and study himself.

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He had marvellous good success,
and prosperous achieving of all things he

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took in hand, which then was, and truly is
supposed to precede of this, for that he

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was so great a favourer of the Christian
faith, which faith, when he had once

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embraced, he did ever after most devoutly
and religiously reverence.

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Thus Constantine, sufficiently appointed
with strength of men, but especially with

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strength of God, ended his journey coming
towards Italy, which was about the last

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year of the persecution, A.D.

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313.

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Maxentius, understanding of the coming of
Constantine, and trusting more to his

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devilish art of magic than to the goodwill
of his subjects, which he little deserved,

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does not show himself out of the city,
nor encounter him in the open field,

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but with privy garrisons laid wait for him
by the way in sundry straits, as he should

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come, with whom Constantine had diverse
skirmishes, and by the power of the Lord

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did ever vanquish them, and put them to
flight.

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Notwithstanding, Constantine yet was in no
great comfort, but in great care and dread

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in his mind, approaching now near unto
Rome, for the magical charms and sorceries

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of Maxentius, wherewith he had vanquished
before Severus sent by Galerius against

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him.

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Wherefore, being in great doubt and
perplexity in himself, and revolving many

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things in his mind, what help he might
have against the operations of his

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charming, Constantine, in his journey
drawing toward the city, and casting up

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his eyes many times to heaven,
in the south part, about the going down of

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the sun, saw a great brightness in heaven,
appearing in the similitude of a cross,

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giving this inscription, IN HOC VINCE,
that is, in this overcome.

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Eusebius Pamphilus doth witness that he
had heard the said Constantine himself

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oftentimes report, and also to swear this
to be true and certain, which he did see

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with his own eyes in heaven, and also his
soldiers about him.

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At the sight whereof, when he was greatly
astonished, and consulting with his men

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upon the meaning thereof, beheld in the
night season, in his sleep, Christ

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appeared to him with the sign of the same
cross which he had seen before,

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bidding him to make the figuration
thereof, and to carry it in his wars

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before him, and so should he have the
victory.

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Constantine so established the peace of
the Church, that for the space of a

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thousand years we read of no set
persecution against the Christians,

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unto the time of John Wycliffe.

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So happy, so glorious was this victory of
Constantine, surnamed the Great,

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for the joy and gladness whereof the
citizens who had sent for him before,

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with exceeding triumph, brought him into
the city of Rome, where he was most

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honourably received, and celebrated the
space of seven days together, having

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moreover in the market-place his image set
up, holding in his right hand the sign of

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the cross with this inscription.

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With this wholesome sign, the true token
of fortitude, I have rescued and delivered

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our city from the yoke of the tyrant.

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We shall conclude our account of the tenth
and last general persecution, with the

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death of St. George, the titular saint and
patron of England.

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St. George was born in Cappadocia,
of Christian parents, and given proofs of

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his courage, was promoted in the army of
the Emperor Diocletian.

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During the persecution, St. George threw
up his command, went boldly to the Senate

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House, and avowed his being a Christian,
taking occasion at the same time to

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remonstrate against paganism, and point
out the absurdity of worshipping idols.

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This freedom so greatly provoked the
Senate, that St. George was ordered to be

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tortured, and by the Emperor's orders was
dragged through the streets and beheaded

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the next day.

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The legend of the dragon which is
associated with this martyr, is usually

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illustrated by representing St. George
seated upon a charging horse, and

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transfixing the monster with his spear.

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This fiery dragon symbolises the devil,
who was vanquished by St. George's

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steadfast faith in Christ, which remained
unshaken, in spite of torture and death.

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Chapter 3.

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Persecutions of the Christians in Persia
The Gospel having spread itself into

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Persia, the pagan priests who worshipped
the sun were greatly alarmed and dreaded

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the loss of that influence they had
hitherto maintained over the people's

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minds and properties.

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Hence they thought it expedient to
complain to the Emperor that the

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Christians were enemies to the State,
and held a treasonable correspondence with

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the Romans, the great enemies of Persia.

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The Emperor Sapuris, being naturally
averse to Christianity, easily believed

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what was said against the Christians,
and gave orders to persecute them in all

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parts of his empire.

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On account of this mandate, many eminent
persons in the Church and State fell

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martyrs to the ignorance and ferocity of
the pagans.

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Constantine the Great, being informed of
the persecutions in Persia, wrote a long

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letter to the Persian monarch,
in which he recounts the vengeance that

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had fallen on persecutors, and the great
success that had attended those who had

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refrained from persecuting the Christians.

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Speaking of his victories over rival
emperors of his own time, he said,

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I subdued these solely by faith in Christ,
for which God was my helper, who gave me

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victory in battle, and made me triumph
over my enemies.

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He hath likewise so enlarged to me the
bounds of the Roman Empire, that it

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extends from the western ocean almost to
the uttermost parts of the east.

17:37.000 --> 17:40.620
For this domain I neither offered
sacrifices to the ancient deities,

17:41.040 --> 17:44.900
nor made use of charm or divination,
but only offered up prayers to the

17:44.900 --> 17:47.240
Almighty God and followed the cross of
Christ.

17:48.060 --> 17:53.060
Rejoiced should I be if the throne of
Persia found glory also, by embracing the

17:53.060 --> 17:57.900
Christians, so that you with me and they
with you may enjoy all happiness.

17:59.640 --> 18:02.880
In consequence of this appeal,
the persecution ended for the time,

18:02.880 --> 18:06.980
but it was renewed in later years when
another king succeeded to the throne of

18:06.980 --> 18:07.360
Persia.

18:09.840 --> 18:12.060
Persecutions under the Aryan heretics.

18:13.100 --> 18:17.980
The author of the Aryan heresy was Arius,
a native of Libya and a priest of

18:17.980 --> 18:19.760
Alexandria, who in A.D.

18:19.880 --> 18:22.060
318 began to publish his errors.

18:22.920 --> 18:27.200
He was condemned by a council of Libyan
and Egyptian bishops, and that sentence

18:27.200 --> 18:29.920
was confirmed by the council of Nice,
A.D.

18:30.220 --> 18:30.780
325.

18:32.140 --> 18:36.480
After the death of Constantine the Great,
the Aryans found means to ingratiate

18:36.480 --> 18:41.020
themselves into the favour of the Emperor
Constantinus, his son and successor in the

18:41.020 --> 18:45.460
east, and hence a persecution was raised
against the Orthodox bishops and clergy.

18:46.280 --> 18:50.200
The celebrated Athanasius and other
bishops were banished, and their seas

18:50.200 --> 18:51.340
filled with Aryans.

18:52.220 --> 18:56.940
In Egypt and Libya, thirty bishops were
martyred and many other Christians cruelly

18:56.940 --> 18:59.120
tormented, and A.D.

18:59.460 --> 19:04.080
386, George, the Aryan bishop of
Alexandria, under the authority of the

19:04.080 --> 19:08.980
Emperor, began a persecution in that city
and its environs, and carried it on with a

19:08.980 --> 19:10.340
most infernal severity.

19:11.280 --> 19:15.500
He was assisted in his diabolical malice
by Catephonius, governor of Egypt,

19:16.000 --> 19:21.180
Sebastian, general of the Egyptian forces,
Faustinus, the treasurer, and Heraclius,

19:21.180 --> 19:22.080
a Roman officer.

19:23.540 --> 19:27.760
The persecutions now raged in such a
manner that the clergy were driven from

19:27.760 --> 19:32.540
Alexandria, their churches were shut,
and the severities practised by the Aryan

19:32.540 --> 19:37.060
heretics were as great as those that had
been practised by the pagan idolaters.

19:37.860 --> 19:42.340
If a man accused of being a Christian made
his escape, then his whole family were

19:42.340 --> 19:44.600
massacred and his effects confiscated.

19:47.400 --> 19:54.080
Persecution under Julian the Apostate This
Emperor was the son of Julius Constantius

19:54.080 --> 19:56.080
and the nephew of Constantine the Great.

19:56.580 --> 20:01.640
He studied the rudiments of grammar under
the inspection of Mardonius, a eunuch and

20:01.640 --> 20:03.200
a heathen of Constantinople.

20:03.880 --> 20:07.440
His father sent him sometime after to
Nicomedia to be instructed in the

20:07.440 --> 20:11.800
Christian religion by the bishop of
Eusebius, his kinsman, but his principles

20:11.800 --> 20:16.660
were corrupted by the pernicious doctrines
of Eusebius the rhetorician and Maximus

20:16.660 --> 20:17.180
the magician.

20:18.640 --> 20:24.440
Constantius, dying the year 361,
Julian succeeded him, and had no sooner

20:24.440 --> 20:28.480
attained the imperial dignity than he
renounced Christianity and embraced

20:28.480 --> 20:31.960
paganism, which had for some years fallen
into great disrepute.

20:33.080 --> 20:37.420
Though he restored the idolaters' worship,
he made no public edicts against

20:37.420 --> 20:41.960
Christianity, he recalled all banished
pagans, allowed the free exercise of

20:41.960 --> 20:46.320
religion to every sect, but deprived all
Christians of offices at court,

20:46.480 --> 20:48.280
in the magistracy, or in the army.

20:49.000 --> 20:53.860
He was chaste, temperate, vigilant,
laborious, and pious, yet he prohibited

20:53.860 --> 20:58.620
any Christian from keeping a school or
public seminary of learning, and deprived

20:58.620 --> 21:02.900
all the Christian clergy of the privileges
granted them by Constantine the Great.

21:04.680 --> 21:09.880
Bishop Basil made himself first famous by
his opposition to Arianism, which brought

21:09.880 --> 21:13.120
upon him the vengeance of the Arian Bishop
of Constantinople.

21:13.680 --> 21:15.220
He equally opposed paganism.

21:16.120 --> 21:20.860
The Emperor's agents in vain tampered with
Basil by means of promises, threats,

21:21.060 --> 21:21.580
and racks.

21:22.020 --> 21:25.980
He was firm in the faith, and remained in
prison to undergo some other sufferings,

21:26.360 --> 21:29.140
when the Emperor came accidentally to
Ancyra.

21:30.400 --> 21:34.880
Julian determined to examine Basil
himself, when that holy man being brought

21:34.880 --> 21:39.160
before him, the Emperor did everything in
his power to dissuade him from persevering

21:39.160 --> 21:39.720
in the faith.

21:40.540 --> 21:45.080
Basil not only continued as firm as ever,
but with a prophetic spirit foretold the

21:45.080 --> 21:48.560
death of the Emperor, and that he should
be tormented in the other life.

21:49.640 --> 21:53.920
Enraged at what he heard, Julian commanded
that the body of Basil should be torn

21:53.920 --> 21:58.100
every day in seven different parts,
until his skin and flesh were entirely

21:58.100 --> 21:58.680
mangled.

21:59.400 --> 22:04.500
This inhuman sentence was executed with
rigour, and the martyr expired under its

22:04.500 --> 22:07.040
severities, on June 28, A.D.

22:07.500 --> 22:08.060
362.

22:09.580 --> 22:15.040
Donatus, Bishop of Arezzo, and Hilarinus,
a hermit, suffered about the same time,

22:15.360 --> 22:17.340
also Gordian, a Roman magistrate.

22:18.000 --> 22:21.860
Artemius, commander-in-chief of the Roman
forces in Egypt, being a Christian,

22:22.340 --> 22:26.400
was deprived of his commission,
then of his estate, and lastly of his

22:26.400 --> 22:26.760
head.

22:27.800 --> 22:33.980
The persecution raged dreadfully about the
latter end of the year 363, but as many of

22:33.980 --> 22:38.040
the particulars have not been handed down
to us, it is necessary to remark in

22:38.040 --> 22:42.900
general that in Palestine many were burnt
alive, others were dragged by their feet

22:42.900 --> 22:46.860
through the streets naked until they
expired, some were scalded to death,

22:47.020 --> 22:50.720
many stoned, and great numbers had their
brains beaten out with clubs.

22:51.920 --> 22:55.700
In Alexandria, innumerable were the
martyrs who suffered by the sword,

22:56.140 --> 22:57.900
burning, crucifixion, and stoning.

22:58.400 --> 23:02.940
In Arethusa, several were ripped open,
and corn being put into their bellies,

23:03.240 --> 23:07.020
swine were brought to feed therein,
which in devouring the grain likewise

23:07.020 --> 23:09.040
devoured the entrails of the martyrs.

23:09.300 --> 23:15.060
And in Thrace, Aemilianus was burnt at a
stake, and Domitius murdered in a cave,

23:15.160 --> 23:16.580
whither he had fled for refuge.

23:17.520 --> 23:22.380
The Emperor Julian, the apostate,
died of a wound which he received in his

23:22.380 --> 23:23.920
Persian expedition, A.D.

23:24.280 --> 23:28.320
363, and even while expiring uttered the
most horrid blasphemies.

23:29.700 --> 23:33.040
He was succeeded by Jovian, who restored
peace to the Church.

23:34.680 --> 23:40.000
After the decease of Jovian, Valentinian
succeeded to the Empire and associated to

23:40.000 --> 23:44.680
himself Valens, who had the command in the
East, and was an Arian and of an

23:44.680 --> 23:46.900
unrelenting and persecuting disposition.

23:49.380 --> 23:55.240
Persecution of the Christians by the Goths
and Vandals Many Scythian Goths,

23:55.380 --> 23:58.600
having embraced Christianity about the
time of Constantine the Great,

23:59.160 --> 24:03.180
the light of the Gospel spread itself
considerably in Scythia, though the two

24:03.180 --> 24:07.340
kings who ruled that country and the
majority of the people continued pagans.

24:08.540 --> 24:13.400
Fritigern, king of the West Goths,
was an ally to the Romans, but Athanaric,

24:13.680 --> 24:15.860
king of the East Goths, was at war with
them.

24:16.740 --> 24:20.960
The Christians in the dominions of the
former lived unmolested, but the latter,

24:21.240 --> 24:24.780
having been defeated by the Romans,
wreaked his vengeance on his Christian

24:24.780 --> 24:28.880
subjects, commencing his pagan injunctions
in the year 370.

24:30.840 --> 24:35.200
In religion, the Goths were Arians and
called themselves Christians, therefore

24:35.200 --> 24:39.660
they destroyed all the statues and temples
of the heathen gods, but did no harm to

24:39.660 --> 24:41.280
the Orthodox Christian churches.

24:42.700 --> 24:44.820
Alaric had all the qualities of a great
general.

24:45.300 --> 24:49.700
To the wild bravery of the Gothic
barbarian, he added the courage and skill

24:49.700 --> 24:50.640
of the Roman soldier.

24:51.200 --> 24:55.180
He led his forces across the Alps into
Italy and, although driven back for the

24:55.180 --> 24:58.340
time, returned afterward with an
irresistible force.

25:00.780 --> 25:06.760
The Last Roman Triumph After this
fortunate victory over the Goths,

25:06.960 --> 25:09.680
a triumph, as it was called, was
celebrated at Rome.

25:10.780 --> 25:15.080
For hundreds of years, successful generals
had been awarded this great honour on

25:15.080 --> 25:17.080
their return from a victorious campaign.

25:17.860 --> 25:22.060
Upon such occasions, the city was given up
for days to the marching of troops laden

25:22.060 --> 25:26.460
with spoils, and who dragged after them
prisoners of war, among whom were often

25:26.460 --> 25:28.420
captive kings and conquered generals.

25:29.440 --> 25:34.480
This was to be the Last Roman Triumph,
for it celebrated the Last Roman Victory.

25:35.840 --> 25:40.040
Although it had been won by Stilicho,
the general, it was the boy Emperor

25:40.040 --> 25:44.560
Honorius who took the credit, entering
Rome in the car of victory and driving to

25:44.560 --> 25:46.760
the capital amid the shouts of the
populace.

25:47.620 --> 25:51.940
Afterward, as was customary on such
occasions, there were bloody combats in

25:51.940 --> 25:57.280
the Colosseum, where gladiators armed with
swords and spears fought as furiously as

25:57.280 --> 25:58.580
if they were on the field of battle.

25:59.640 --> 26:03.960
The first part of the bloody entertainment
was finished, the bodies of the dead were

26:03.960 --> 26:08.140
dragged off with hooks, and the reddened
sand covered with a fresh clean layer.

26:09.040 --> 26:12.220
After this had been done, the gates in the
wall of the arena were thrown open,

26:12.220 --> 26:16.460
and a number of tall, well-formed men in
the prime of youth and strength came

26:16.460 --> 26:16.840
forward.

26:17.560 --> 26:20.920
Some carried swords, others three-pronged
spears and nets.

26:21.440 --> 26:24.680
They marched once around the walls,
and stopping before the Emperor,

26:25.040 --> 26:28.800
held up their weapons at arm's length,
and with one voice sounded out their

26:28.800 --> 26:32.540
greeting, Ave Caesar morituri te salutant!

26:33.220 --> 26:35.860
Hail Caesar, those about to die salute
thee!

26:37.200 --> 26:39.300
The combats now began again.

26:39.960 --> 26:43.940
The gladiators with nets tried to entangle
those with swords, and when they

26:43.940 --> 26:47.800
succeeded, mercilessly stabbed their
antagonists to death with the

26:47.800 --> 26:48.920
three-pronged spear.

26:49.840 --> 26:53.620
When a gladiator had wounded his adversary
and had him lying helpless at his feet,

26:54.060 --> 26:58.140
he looked up at the eager faces of the
spectators and cried out, Ho cabit!

26:58.360 --> 26:58.980
He has it!

26:59.300 --> 27:02.280
and awaited the pleasure of the audience
to kill or spare.

27:03.120 --> 27:06.360
If the spectators held out their hands
toward him with thumbs upward,

27:06.840 --> 27:10.660
the defeated man was taken away to
recover, if possible, from his wounds.

27:11.400 --> 27:15.560
But if the fatal signal of thumbs down was
given, the conquered was to be slain,

27:15.780 --> 27:20.080
and if he showed any reluctance to present
his neck for the death blow, there was a

27:20.080 --> 27:22.980
scornful shout from the galleries,
Recipe ferum!

27:23.200 --> 27:24.080
Receive the steel!

27:25.300 --> 27:29.000
Privileged persons among the audience
would even descend into the arena to

27:29.000 --> 27:33.520
better witness the death agonies of some
unusually brave victim before his corpse

27:33.520 --> 27:35.180
was dragged out at the death-gate.

27:36.460 --> 27:37.920
The show went on.

27:38.480 --> 27:42.860
Many had been slain, and the people,
madly excited by the desperate bravery of

27:42.860 --> 27:45.560
those who continued to fight, shouted
their applause.

27:46.460 --> 27:47.940
But suddenly there was an interruption.

27:48.600 --> 27:53.560
A rudely-clad, robed figure appeared for a
moment among the audience, and then boldly

27:53.560 --> 27:54.860
leaped down into the arena.

27:55.600 --> 27:59.760
He was seen to be a man of rough but
imposing presence, bare-headed and with

27:59.760 --> 28:00.920
sun-browned face.

28:01.780 --> 28:05.920
Without hesitating an instant,
he advanced upon two gladiators engaged in

28:05.920 --> 28:10.260
a life-and-death struggle, and laying his
hand upon one of them sternly reproved him

28:10.260 --> 28:14.620
for shedding innocent blood, and then
turning toward the thousands of angry

28:14.620 --> 28:19.420
faces ranged around him, called upon them
in a solemn, deep-toned voice which

28:19.420 --> 28:21.400
resounded through the deep enclosure.

28:22.160 --> 28:27.960
These were his words, Do not requite God's
mercy in turning away the swords of your

28:27.960 --> 28:29.720
enemies by murdering each other.

28:30.840 --> 28:33.380
Angry shouts and cries at once drowned his
voice.

28:33.860 --> 28:35.080
This is no place for preaching.

28:35.620 --> 28:37.560
The old customs of Rome must be observed.

28:37.920 --> 28:38.900
On, gladiators!

28:39.960 --> 28:43.360
Thrusting aside the stranger, the
gladiators would have again attacked each

28:43.360 --> 28:47.220
other, but the man stood between,
holding them apart and trying in vain to

28:47.220 --> 28:47.660
be heard.

28:48.520 --> 28:49.000
Sedition!

28:49.440 --> 28:49.880
Sedition!

28:50.060 --> 28:50.620
Down with him!

28:50.980 --> 28:55.480
was then the cry, and the gladiators,
enraged at the interference of an outsider

28:55.480 --> 28:58.660
with their chosen vocation, at once
stabbed him to death.

28:59.520 --> 29:03.960
Stones, or whatever missiles came to hand,
also rained down upon him from the furious

29:03.960 --> 29:07.000
people, and thus he perished in the midst
of the arena.

29:09.060 --> 29:13.420
His dress showed him to be one of the
hermits who vowed themselves to a holy

29:13.420 --> 29:17.380
life of prayer and self-denial,
and who were reverenced by even the

29:17.380 --> 29:19.220
thoughtless and combat-loving Romans.

29:20.120 --> 29:25.000
The few who knew him told how he had come
from the wilds of Asia on a pilgrimage to

29:25.000 --> 29:27.220
visit the churches and keepers' Christmas
at Rome.

29:27.740 --> 29:31.580
They knew he was a holy man, and that his
name was Telemachus, no more.

29:32.580 --> 29:36.560
His spirit had been stirred by the sight
of thousands flocking to see men slaughter

29:36.560 --> 29:40.640
one another, and in his simple-hearted
zeal he had tried to convince them of the

29:40.640 --> 29:42.460
cruelty and wickedness of their conduct.

29:43.220 --> 29:44.900
He had died, but not in vain.

29:45.820 --> 29:50.260
His work was accomplished at the moment he
was struck down, for the shock of such a

29:50.260 --> 29:53.320
death before their eyes turned the hearts
of the people.

29:54.500 --> 29:58.740
They saw the hideous aspects of the
favourite vice to which they had blindly

29:58.740 --> 30:03.840
surrendered themselves, and from the day
Telemachus fell dead in the Colosseum no

30:03.840 --> 30:06.440
other fight of gladiators was ever held
there.

30:09.080 --> 30:12.880
Persecutions from about the middle of the
fifth to the conclusion of the seventh

30:12.880 --> 30:13.460
century.

30:15.300 --> 30:19.360
Proterius was made a priest by Cyril,
bishop of Alexandria, who was well

30:19.360 --> 30:22.800
acquainted with his virtues, before he
appointed him to preach.

30:23.820 --> 30:27.820
On the death of Cyril, the sea of
Alexandria was filled by Discorus,

30:28.160 --> 30:31.680
an inveterate enemy to the memory and
family of his predecessor.

30:32.900 --> 30:36.780
Being condemned by the council of
Chalcedon for having embraced the errors

30:36.780 --> 30:43.340
of Eutyches, he was deposed, and was
approved of by the emperor.

30:44.220 --> 30:48.400
This occasioned a dangerous insurrection,
for the city of Alexandria was divided

30:48.400 --> 30:53.200
into two factions, the one to espouse the
cause of the old, and the other of the new

30:53.200 --> 30:53.540
prelate.

30:54.040 --> 30:58.500
In one of the commotions, the Eutycheans
determined to wreak their vengeance on

30:58.500 --> 31:00.900
Proterius, who fled to the church for
sanctuary.

31:01.400 --> 31:03.140
But on Good Friday, A.D.

31:03.580 --> 31:08.120
457, a large body of them rushed into the
church and barbarously murdered the

31:08.120 --> 31:11.840
prelate, after which they dragged the body
through the streets, insulted it,

31:11.940 --> 31:15.480
cut it to pieces, burnt it, and scattered
the ashes in the air.

31:17.000 --> 31:21.880
Hermony Gildas, a Gothic priest,
was the eldest son of Leo Vigildas,

31:21.980 --> 31:23.640
a king of the Goths in Spain.

31:24.500 --> 31:29.500
This prince, who was originally an Arian,
became a convert to the Orthodox faith by

31:29.500 --> 31:31.020
means of his wife, Ingonda.

31:31.740 --> 31:34.760
When the king heard that his son had
changed his religious sentiments,

31:35.220 --> 31:39.160
he stripped him of the command at Seville,
where he was governor, and threatened to

31:39.160 --> 31:42.160
put him to death unless he renounced the
faith he had newly embraced.

31:42.940 --> 31:46.620
The prince, in order to prevent the
execution of his father's menaces,

31:47.040 --> 31:51.120
began to put himself into a posture of
defence, and many of the Orthodox

31:51.120 --> 31:53.440
persuasion in Spain declared for him.

31:54.160 --> 31:58.600
The king, exasperated at this act of
rebellion, began to punish all the

31:58.600 --> 32:02.800
Orthodox Christians who could be seized by
his troops, and thus a very severe

32:02.800 --> 32:04.060
persecution commenced.

32:04.700 --> 32:08.120
He likewise marched against his son at the
head of a very powerful army.

32:08.900 --> 32:13.220
The prince took refuge in Seville,
from which he fled, and was at length

32:13.220 --> 32:15.740
besieged and taken at Asiata.

32:16.720 --> 32:20.200
Loaded with chains, he was sent to
Seville, and at the feast of Easter,

32:20.320 --> 32:24.960
refusing to receive the Eucharist from an
Arian bishop, the enraged king ordered his

32:24.960 --> 32:28.340
guards to cut the prince to pieces,
which they punctually performed,

32:28.820 --> 32:30.280
April 13, A.D.

32:30.740 --> 32:31.260
586.

32:33.460 --> 32:36.860
Martin, bishop of Rome, was born at Todi,
in Italy.

32:37.580 --> 32:41.640
He was naturally inclined to virtue,
and his parents bestowed on him an

32:41.640 --> 32:42.800
admirable education.

32:43.700 --> 32:47.740
He opposed the heretics called
Monothelites, who were patronised by the

32:47.740 --> 32:48.920
emperor Heraclius.

32:49.860 --> 32:53.960
Martin was condemned at Constantinople,
where he was exposed in the most public

32:53.960 --> 32:58.200
places to the ridicule of the people,
divested of all episcopal marks of

32:58.200 --> 33:01.460
distinction, and treated with the greatest
scorn and severity.

33:02.400 --> 33:06.280
After lying some months in prison,
Martin was sent to an island at some

33:06.280 --> 33:08.940
distance, and there cut to pieces,
A.D.

33:09.580 --> 33:10.060
655.

33:12.080 --> 33:16.280
John, bishop of Bergamo, in Lombardy,
was a learned man and a good Christian.

33:16.960 --> 33:21.020
He did his utmost endeavours to clear the
church from the errors of Arianism,

33:21.420 --> 33:26.140
and joining in this holy work with John,
bishop of Milan, he was very successful

33:26.140 --> 33:31.160
against the heretics, on which account he
was assassinated on July 11, A.D.

33:31.560 --> 33:32.120
683.

33:34.020 --> 33:38.700
Killian was born in Ireland, and received
from his parents a pious and Christian

33:38.700 --> 33:39.340
education.

33:40.200 --> 33:44.440
He obtained the Roman pontiff's licence to
preach to the pagans in Franconia,

33:44.580 --> 33:45.100
in Germany.

33:45.900 --> 33:50.500
At Würzburg, he converted Gosbert,
the governor, whose example was followed

33:50.500 --> 33:53.200
by the greater part of the people,
in two years after.

33:53.880 --> 33:57.060
Persuading Gosbert that his marriage with
his brother's widow was sinful,

33:57.680 --> 33:59.760
the latter had him beheaded, A.D.

33:59.980 --> 34:00.500
689.

34:03.900 --> 34:07.780
Persecutions from the early part of the
8th to near the conclusion of the 10th

34:07.780 --> 34:08.200
century.

34:09.980 --> 34:14.700
Boniface, archbishop of Mence and father
of the German church, was an Englishman,

34:15.100 --> 34:18.940
and is in ecclesiastical history looked
upon as one of the brightest ornaments of

34:18.940 --> 34:19.500
this nation.

34:20.180 --> 34:24.460
Originally, his name was Winfrid,
or Winfrith, and he was born at Curtin,

34:24.620 --> 34:27.640
in Devonshire, then part of the West Saxon
kingdom.

34:28.440 --> 34:32.960
When he was only about six years of age,
he began to discover a propensity to

34:32.960 --> 34:37.240
reflection, and seemed solicitous to gain
information on religious subjects.

34:38.040 --> 34:42.440
Wulfred, the abbot, finding that he
possessed a bright genius, as well as a

34:42.440 --> 34:47.500
strong inclination to study, had him
removed to Nutsella, a seminary of

34:47.500 --> 34:50.740
learning in the diocese of Winchester,
where he would have a much greater

34:50.740 --> 34:53.300
opportunity of attaining improvements than
at Exeter.

34:54.400 --> 34:59.060
After due study, the abbot, seeing him
qualified for the priesthood, obliged him

34:59.060 --> 35:03.440
to receive that holy order when he was
about thirty years old, from which time he

35:03.440 --> 35:06.820
began to preach and labour for the
salvation of his fellow creatures.

35:08.040 --> 35:12.520
He was released to attend a synod of
bishops in the kingdom of West Saxons.

35:13.200 --> 35:19.000
He afterwards, in 719, went to Rome,
where Gregory II, who then sat in Peter's

35:19.000 --> 35:23.380
chair, received him with great friendship,
and finding him full of all virtues that

35:23.380 --> 35:27.380
compose the character of an apostolic
missionary, dismissed him, without

35:27.380 --> 35:31.580
commission at large, to preach the gospel
to the pagans wherever he found them.

35:32.560 --> 35:36.900
Passing through Lombardy and Bavaria,
he came to Thuringia, which country had

35:36.900 --> 35:38.580
before received the light of the gospel.

35:39.360 --> 35:43.440
He next visited Utrecht, and then
proceeded to Saxony, where he converted

35:43.440 --> 35:45.000
some thousands to Christianity.

35:46.800 --> 35:51.240
During the ministry of this meek prelate,
Pepin was declared King of France.

35:52.100 --> 35:55.980
It was that prince's ambition to be
crowned by the most holy prelate he could

35:55.980 --> 36:00.380
find, and Boniface was pitched on to
perform that ceremony, which he did at

36:00.380 --> 36:02.260
Soissons in 752.

36:03.420 --> 36:08.360
The next year, his great age and many
infirmities lay so heavy on him that with

36:08.360 --> 36:12.620
the consent of the new king and the
bishops of his diocese, he consecrated

36:12.620 --> 36:17.000
Lullus, his countryman and faithful
disciple, and placed him in the see of

36:17.000 --> 36:17.320
Mence.

36:18.280 --> 36:22.640
When he had thus eased himself of his
charge, he recommended the church of Mence

36:22.640 --> 36:27.200
to the care of the new bishop in very
strong terms, desired he would finish the

36:27.200 --> 36:30.800
church at Fuld, and see him buried in it,
for his end was near.

36:31.920 --> 36:35.000
Having left these orders, he took boat to
the Rhine and went to Friesland,

36:35.440 --> 36:39.160
where he converted and baptised several
thousands of barbarous natives,

36:39.660 --> 36:43.260
demolished the temples, and raised
churches on the ruins of those

36:43.260 --> 36:44.360
superstitious structures.

36:45.660 --> 36:49.620
A day being appointed for confirming a
great number of new converts, he ordered

36:49.620 --> 36:54.500
them to assemble in a new open plain near
the river Borde, the day he repaired the

36:54.500 --> 36:59.100
day before, and pitching a tent determined
to remain on the spot all night in order

36:59.100 --> 37:00.500
to be ready early in the morning.

37:01.480 --> 37:05.880
Some pagans, who were his inveterate
enemies, having intelligence of this,

37:06.300 --> 37:10.960
poured down upon him and the companions of
his mission in the night, and killed him

37:10.960 --> 37:14.980
and fifty-two of his companions and
attendants, on June 5, A.D.

37:15.540 --> 37:16.020
755.

37:17.200 --> 37:21.040
Thus fell the great father of the Germanic
church, the honour of England,

37:21.280 --> 37:23.360
and the glory of the age in which he
lived.

37:24.640 --> 37:28.520
Forty-two persons of Armorian,
in Upper Phrygia, were martyred in the

37:28.520 --> 37:33.240
year 845 by the Saracens, the
circumstances of which transactions are as

37:33.240 --> 37:33.600
follows.

37:34.680 --> 37:38.760
In the reign of Theophilus, the Saracens
ravaged many parts of the Eastern Empire,

37:39.120 --> 37:43.040
gained several considerable advantages
over the Christians, took the city of

37:43.040 --> 37:45.380
Armorian, and numbers suffered martyrdom.

37:46.320 --> 37:50.440
Flora and Mary, two ladies of distinction,
suffered martyrdom at the same time.

37:52.600 --> 37:57.280
Perfectus was born at Cordoba in Spain,
and brought up in the Christian faith.

37:58.000 --> 38:01.880
Having a quick genius, he made himself
master of all the useful and polite

38:01.880 --> 38:05.900
literature of that age, and at the same
time was not more celebrated for his

38:05.900 --> 38:08.020
abilities than admired for his piety.

38:08.780 --> 38:12.000
At length he took priest orders,
and performed the duties of his office

38:12.000 --> 38:14.160
with great assiduity and punctuality.

38:15.140 --> 38:19.340
Publicly declaring Muhammad an imposter,
he was sentenced to be beheaded,

38:19.800 --> 38:21.860
and was accordingly executed A.D.

38:22.000 --> 38:25.940
850, after which his body was honourably
interred by the Christians.

38:27.620 --> 38:32.700
Adalbert, Bishop of Prague, a Bohemian by
birth, after being involved in many

38:32.700 --> 38:36.600
troubles, began to direct his thoughts to
the conversion of the infidels,

38:37.000 --> 38:41.240
to which end he repaired to Danzig,
where he converted and baptised many,

38:41.720 --> 38:45.520
which so enraged the pagan priests that
they fell upon him, and dispatched him

38:45.520 --> 38:48.580
with darts, on April 23, A.D.

38:49.280 --> 38:49.800
997.

38:53.100 --> 38:58.460
Persecutions in the Eleventh Century
Alfedge, Archbishop of Canterbury,

38:58.640 --> 39:02.640
was descended from a considerable family
in Gloucestershire, and received an

39:02.640 --> 39:05.020
education suitable to his illustrious
birth.

39:05.640 --> 39:09.380
His parents were worthy Christians,
and Alfedge seemed to inherit their

39:09.380 --> 39:09.820
virtues.

39:11.200 --> 39:17.100
The See of Winchester being vacant by the
death of Æthelwold, Dunstan, Archbishop of

39:17.100 --> 39:21.560
Canterbury, as primate of all England,
consecrated Alfedge to the vacant

39:21.560 --> 39:25.840
bishopric, to the general satisfaction of
all concerned in the diocese.

39:26.600 --> 39:30.580
Dunstan had an extraordinary veneration
for Alfedge, and when at the point of

39:30.580 --> 39:35.260
death, made it his ardent request to God
that he might succeed him in the See of

39:35.260 --> 39:39.600
Canterbury, which accordingly happened,
though not until about eighteen years

39:39.600 --> 39:42.040
after Dunstan's death, in 1006.

39:43.840 --> 39:48.020
After Alfedge had governed the See of
Canterbury about four years, with great

39:48.020 --> 39:53.020
reputation to himself and benefit to his
people, the Danes made an incursion into

39:53.020 --> 39:55.120
England, and laid siege to Canterbury.

39:56.040 --> 40:00.760
When the design of attacking the city was
known, many of the principal people made a

40:00.760 --> 40:04.300
flight from it, and would have persuaded
Alfedge to follow their example.

40:04.940 --> 40:07.900
But he, like a good pastor, would not
listen to such a proposal.

40:08.720 --> 40:12.900
While he was employed in assisting and
encouraging the people, Canterbury was

40:12.900 --> 40:18.140
taken by storm, the enemy poured into the
town, and destroyed all that came in their

40:18.140 --> 40:19.660
way by fire and sword.

40:20.660 --> 40:24.980
He had the courage to address the enemy,
and offer himself to their swords as more

40:24.980 --> 40:26.620
worthy of their rage than the people.

40:27.120 --> 40:30.840
He begged they might be saved,
and that they would discharge their whole

40:30.840 --> 40:31.880
fury upon him.

40:32.940 --> 40:37.820
They accordingly seized him, tied his
hands, insulted and abused him in a rude

40:37.820 --> 40:42.240
and barbarous manner, and obliged him to
remain on the spot until his church was

40:42.240 --> 40:43.840
burned and the monks massacred.

40:44.800 --> 40:48.320
They then decimated all the inhabitants,
both ecclesiastics and laymen,

40:48.780 --> 40:54.860
leaving only every tenth person alive,
so that they put 7,236 persons to death,

40:55.400 --> 41:00.280
and left only four monks and 800 laymen
alive, after which they confined the

41:00.280 --> 41:03.920
archbishop in a dungeon, where they kept
him close prisoner for several months.

41:06.600 --> 41:11.240
During his confinement, they proposed to
him to redeem his liberty with a sum of

41:11.240 --> 41:15.880
3,000 pounds, and to persuade the king to
purchase their departure out of the

41:15.880 --> 41:18.600
kingdom with a further sum of 10,000
pounds.

41:19.500 --> 41:23.720
As Alphage's circumstances would not allow
him to satisfy the exorbitant demand,

41:24.340 --> 41:28.280
they bound him and put him to severe
torments, to oblige him to discover the

41:28.280 --> 41:31.840
treasure of the church, upon which they
assured him of his life and liberty.

41:31.840 --> 41:36.600
But the prelate piously persisted in
refusing to give the pagans any account of

41:36.600 --> 41:36.740
it.

41:37.380 --> 41:41.660
They remanded him to prison again,
confined him six days longer, and then,

41:41.780 --> 41:45.200
taking him prisoner with them to
Greenwich, brought him to trial there.

41:46.120 --> 41:50.560
He still remained inflexible with respect
to the church treasure, but exhorted them

41:50.560 --> 41:53.300
to forsake their idolatry and embrace
Christianity.

41:55.000 --> 41:59.560
This so greatly incensed the Danes,
that the soldiers dragged him out of the

41:59.560 --> 42:01.120
camp and beat him unmercifully.

42:01.840 --> 42:06.140
One of the soldiers, who had been
converted by him, knowing that his pains

42:06.140 --> 42:10.480
would be lingering, as his death was
determined on, actuated by a kind of

42:10.480 --> 42:14.980
barbarous compassion, cut off his head,
and thus put the finishing stroke to his

42:14.980 --> 42:17.300
martyrdom, April 19, A.D.

42:17.580 --> 42:18.020
1012.

42:19.560 --> 42:23.300
This transaction happened on the very spot
where the church at Greenwich,

42:23.380 --> 42:25.440
which is dedicated to him, now stands.

42:26.400 --> 42:30.580
After his death, his body was thrown into
the Thames, but being found the next day,

42:30.660 --> 42:34.060
it was buried in the Cathedral of St.
Paul's, by the bishops of London and

42:34.060 --> 42:39.180
Lincoln, from whence it was in 1023,
removed to Canterbury by Ethelmoth,

42:39.280 --> 42:40.660
the archbishop of that province.

42:42.920 --> 42:47.820
Gerard, a Venetian, devoted himself to the
service of God from his tender years,

42:48.380 --> 42:52.320
entered into a religious house for some
time, and then determined to visit the

42:52.320 --> 42:52.840
Holy Land.

42:53.720 --> 42:57.200
Going into Hungary, he became acquainted
with Stephen, the king of that country,

42:57.200 --> 42:59.120
who made him bishop of Csonad.

43:00.420 --> 43:06.120
Uwe and Peter, successors of Stephen,
being deposed, Andrew, son of Ladislaus,

43:06.460 --> 43:10.460
cousin German to Stephen, had then a
tender of the crown made him, upon

43:10.460 --> 43:14.260
condition that he would employ his
authority in extirpating the Christian

43:14.260 --> 43:15.340
religion out of Hungary.

43:16.220 --> 43:20.820
The ambitious prince came into the
proposal, but Gerard, being informed of

43:20.820 --> 43:25.280
his impious bargain, thought it his duty
to remonstrate against the enormity of

43:25.280 --> 43:28.380
Andrew's crime, and persuade him to
withdraw his promise.

43:29.220 --> 43:33.260
In this view, he undertook to go to that
prince attended by three prelates,

43:33.620 --> 43:35.320
full of like zeal for religion.

43:36.600 --> 43:40.520
The new king was at Alba Regalis,
but as the four bishops were going to

43:40.520 --> 43:44.400
cross the Danube, they were stopped by a
party of soldiers posted there.

43:45.000 --> 43:49.660
They bore an attack of a shower of stones
patiently, when the soldiers beat them

43:49.660 --> 43:52.100
unmercifully and at length dispatched them
with lances.

43:52.840 --> 43:55.180
Their martyrdoms happened in the year
1045.

43:57.720 --> 44:01.860
Stanislaus, bishop of Kraków, was
descended from an illustrious Polish

44:01.860 --> 44:02.280
family.

44:03.140 --> 44:07.180
The piety of his parents was equal to
their opulence, and the latter they

44:07.180 --> 44:10.640
rendered subservient to all the purposes
of charity and benevolence.

44:12.100 --> 44:15.680
Stanislaus remained for some time
undetermined whether he should embrace a

44:15.680 --> 44:18.920
monastic life or engage among the secular
clergy.

44:19.640 --> 44:23.820
He was at length persuaded to the latter
by Lambert Zula, bishop of Kraków,

44:24.160 --> 44:27.000
who gave him holy orders and made him a
canon of his cathedral.

44:28.040 --> 44:33.420
Lambert died on November 25, 1071,
when all concerned in the choice of a

44:33.420 --> 44:37.520
successor declared for Stanislaus,
and he succeeded to the prelacy.

44:39.100 --> 44:43.440
Moleslaus, the second king of Poland,
had by nature many good qualities,

44:43.900 --> 44:48.580
but giving away to his passions he ran
into many enormities, and at length had

44:48.580 --> 44:50.880
the appellation of cruel bestowed upon
him.

44:51.940 --> 44:55.880
Stanislaus alone had the courage to tell
him of his faults, when, taking a private

44:55.880 --> 44:59.460
opportunity, he freely displayed to him
the enormities of his crimes.

45:00.000 --> 45:05.380
The king, greatly exasperated at his
repeated freedoms, at length determined at

45:05.380 --> 45:08.680
any rate to get the better of a prelate
who was so extremely faithful.

45:09.900 --> 45:13.260
Hearing one day that the bishop was by
himself in the chapel of St. Michael,

45:13.320 --> 45:17.320
at a small distance from the town,
he dispatched some soldiers to murder him.

45:18.060 --> 45:22.080
The soldiers readily undertook the bloody
task, but when they came into the presence

45:22.080 --> 45:27.020
of Stanislaus, the venerable aspect of the
prelate struck them with such awe that

45:27.020 --> 45:29.060
they could not perform what they had
promised.

45:29.880 --> 45:33.360
On their return, the king, finding that
they had not obeyed his orders,

45:33.880 --> 45:38.540
stormed at them violently, snatched a
dagger from one of them, and ran furiously

45:38.540 --> 45:43.240
to the chapel, where finding Stanislaus at
the altar, he plunged the weapon into his

45:43.240 --> 45:43.620
heart.

45:44.200 --> 45:47.680
The prelate immediately expired on May 8,
A.D.

45:48.080 --> 45:48.700
1079.

45:54.250 --> 46:01.210
Chapter Four Papal Persecutions Thus far,
our history of persecution has been

46:01.210 --> 46:03.390
confined principally to the pagan world.

46:04.210 --> 46:08.590
We now come to a period when persecution,
under the guise of Christianity,

46:09.210 --> 46:12.770
committed more enormities than ever
disgraced the annals of paganism.

46:13.930 --> 46:18.490
Disregarding the maxims and the spirit of
the gospel, the papal church, arming

46:18.490 --> 46:22.930
herself with the power of the sword,
vexed the church of God and wasted it for

46:22.930 --> 46:27.390
several centuries, a period most
appropriately termed in history the Dark

46:27.390 --> 46:27.830
Ages.

46:28.770 --> 46:32.810
The kings of the earth gave their power to
the beast, and submitted to be trodden on

46:32.810 --> 46:37.610
by the miserable vermin that often filled
the papal chair, as in the case of Henry,

46:37.990 --> 46:38.910
Emperor of Germany.

46:39.830 --> 46:44.410
The storm of papal persecution first burst
upon the Waldenses in France.

46:46.550 --> 46:52.810
Persecution of the Waldenses in France
Popery, having brought various innovations

46:52.810 --> 46:56.310
into the church and overspread the
Christian world with darkness and

46:56.310 --> 47:01.170
superstition, some few, who plainly
perceived the pernicious tendency of such

47:01.170 --> 47:04.770
errors, determined to show the light of
the gospel in its real purity,

47:05.170 --> 47:09.750
and to disperse those clouds which artful
priests had raised about it in order to

47:09.750 --> 47:12.210
blind the people and obscure its real
brightness.

47:13.090 --> 47:18.730
The principal among these was Berengarius,
who about the year 1000 boldly preached

47:18.730 --> 47:21.730
gospel truths according to their primitive
purity.

47:22.650 --> 47:26.890
Many, from conviction, assented to his
doctrine, and were on that account called

47:26.890 --> 47:27.770
Berengarians.

47:28.650 --> 47:32.990
To Berengarius succeeded Pier Bruis,
who preached at Toulouse under the

47:32.990 --> 47:38.050
protection of an earl named Hildefonsus,
and the whole tenets of the reformers,

47:38.170 --> 47:41.910
with the reasons of their separation from
the church of Rome, were published in a

47:41.910 --> 47:45.010
book written by Bruis under the title of
Antichrist.

47:45.930 --> 47:51.050
By the year of Christ 1140, the number of
the reformed was very great, and the

47:51.050 --> 47:55.350
probability of its increasing alarmed the
Pope, who wrote to several princes to

47:55.350 --> 47:59.090
banish them from their dominions,
and employed many learned men to write

47:59.090 --> 48:00.190
against their doctrines.

48:01.550 --> 48:02.250
In A.D.

48:02.790 --> 48:06.670
1147, because of Henry of Toulouse,
deemed their most eminent preacher,

48:07.050 --> 48:11.190
they were called Heniricians, and if they
would not admit of any proofs relative to

48:11.190 --> 48:15.130
religion but what could be deduced from
the scriptures themselves, the Popish

48:15.130 --> 48:17.450
party gave them the name of Apostolics.

48:18.510 --> 48:23.630
At length, Peter Waldo or Voldo,
a native of Lyon, eminent for his piety

48:23.630 --> 48:29.350
and learning, became a strenuous opposer
of Popery, and from him the reformed at

48:29.350 --> 48:32.930
that time received the appellation of
Waldenses or Waldoes.

48:34.130 --> 48:38.750
Pope Alexander III, being informed by the
Bishop of Lyon of these transactions,

48:39.390 --> 48:44.070
excommunicated Waldo and his adherents,
and commanded the bishop to exterminate

48:44.070 --> 48:48.450
them if possible from the face of the
earth, hence began the papal persecutions

48:48.450 --> 48:49.830
against the Waldenses.

48:51.050 --> 48:55.690
The proceedings of Waldo and the reformed
occasioned the first rise of the

48:55.690 --> 49:01.190
inquisitors, for Pope Innocent III
authorized certain monks as inquisitors to

49:01.190 --> 49:04.750
inquire for and deliver over the reform to
the secular power.

49:05.470 --> 49:10.730
The process was short, as an accusation
was deemed adequate to guilt, and a candid

49:10.730 --> 49:12.850
trial was never granted to the accused.

49:14.390 --> 49:19.010
The Pope, finding that these cruel means
had not the intended effect, sent several

49:19.010 --> 49:23.010
learned monks to preach among the
Waldenses, and to endeavour to argue them

49:23.010 --> 49:24.090
out of their opinions.

49:25.730 --> 49:29.570
Among these monks was one Dominic,
who appeared extremely zealous in the

49:29.570 --> 49:30.310
cause of Popery.

49:31.070 --> 49:35.490
This Dominic instituted an order,
which from him was called the Order of

49:35.490 --> 49:39.770
Dominican Friars, and the members of this
order have ever since been the principal

49:39.770 --> 49:42.550
inquisitors in the various inquisitions in
the world.

49:43.570 --> 49:45.430
The power of the inquisitors was
unlimited.

49:45.990 --> 49:49.670
They proceeded against whom they pleased,
without any consideration of age,

49:50.030 --> 49:50.950
sex, or rank.

49:51.550 --> 49:55.550
Let the accusers be ever so infamous,
the accusation was deemed valid,

49:55.870 --> 49:59.990
and even anonymous information sent by
letter was thought sufficient evidence.

50:00.730 --> 50:05.170
To be rich was a crime equal to heresy,
therefore many who had money were accused

50:05.170 --> 50:09.470
of heresy, or of being favourers of
heretics, that they might be obliged to

50:09.470 --> 50:10.450
pay for their opinions.

50:11.250 --> 50:15.990
The dearest friends or nearest kindred
could not without danger serve anyone who

50:15.990 --> 50:17.570
was imprisoned on account of religion.

50:18.230 --> 50:22.090
To convey to those who were confined a
little straw, or give them a cup of water,

50:22.470 --> 50:26.170
was called favouring of the heretics,
and they were prosecuted accordingly.

50:26.990 --> 50:31.190
No lawyer dared to plead for his own
brother, and their malice even extended

50:31.190 --> 50:32.110
beyond the grave.

50:32.690 --> 50:36.370
Hence the bones of many were dug up and
burnt as examples to the living.

50:37.510 --> 50:41.770
If a man on his deathbed was accused of
being a follower of Waldo, his estates

50:41.770 --> 50:46.030
were confiscated, and the heir to them
defrauded of his inheritance, and some

50:46.030 --> 50:49.670
were sent to the Holy Land, while the
Dominicans took possession of their houses

50:49.670 --> 50:53.870
and properties, and when the owners
returned would often pretend not to know

50:53.870 --> 50:54.070
them.

50:55.170 --> 50:59.290
These persecutions were continued for
several centuries under different Popes

50:59.290 --> 51:01.630
and other great dignitaries of the
Catholic Church.

51:05.150 --> 51:11.130
Persecutions of the Albigensies The
Albigensies were a people of the reformed

51:11.130 --> 51:13.470
religion who inhabited the country of
Albi.

51:14.030 --> 51:17.950
They were condemned on the score of
religion in the Council of Lateran by

51:17.950 --> 51:19.710
order of Pope Alexander III.

51:20.950 --> 51:24.750
Nevertheless, they increased so
prodigiously that many cities were

51:24.750 --> 51:29.430
inhabited by persons only of their
persuasion, and several eminent noblemen

51:29.430 --> 51:31.290
embraced their doctrines.

51:31.370 --> 51:35.290
Among the latter were Raymond,
Earl of Toulouse, Raymond, Earl of Foix,

51:35.590 --> 51:37.210
the Earl of Béziers, etc.

51:38.710 --> 51:43.430
A friar named Peter, having been murdered
in the dominions of the Earl of Toulouse,

51:43.910 --> 51:48.290
the Pope made the murderer pretense to
persecute that nobleman and his subjects.

51:50.130 --> 51:54.730
To effect this, he sent persons throughout
all Europe in order to raise forces to act

51:54.730 --> 51:58.910
coercively against the Albigensies,
and promised paradise to all that would

51:58.910 --> 52:03.530
come to this war, which he termed a Holy
War, and bear arms for forty days.

52:04.530 --> 52:08.710
The same indulgences were likewise held
out to all who entered themselves for the

52:08.710 --> 52:12.010
purpose as to such as engaged in crusades
to the Holy Land.

52:13.150 --> 52:17.910
The brave Earl defended Toulouse and other
places with the most heroic bravery and

52:17.910 --> 52:22.210
various success against the Pope's
legates, and Simon, Earl of Montfort,

52:22.510 --> 52:24.290
a bigoted Catholic nobleman.

52:25.170 --> 52:29.470
Unable to subdue the Earl of Toulouse
openly, the King of France and the Queen

52:29.470 --> 52:33.610
Mother and three archbishops raised
another formidable army, and had the art

52:33.610 --> 52:37.490
to persuade the Earl of Toulouse to come
to a conference, when he was treacherously

52:37.490 --> 52:42.070
seized upon, made a prisoner, forced to
appear barefooted and bareheaded before

52:42.070 --> 52:46.490
his enemies, and compelled to subscribe an
abject recantation.

52:47.790 --> 52:52.270
This was followed by a severe persecution
against the Albigensies, and express

52:52.270 --> 52:56.410
orders that the laity should not be
permitted to read the sacred scriptures.

52:57.590 --> 53:02.650
In the year 1620 also the persecution
against the Albigensies was very severe.

53:03.610 --> 53:08.810
In 1648 a heavy persecution raged
throughout Lithuania and Poland.

53:09.710 --> 53:14.110
The cruelty of the Cossacks was so
excessive that the Tartars themselves were

53:14.110 --> 53:15.490
ashamed of their barbarities.

53:16.570 --> 53:21.270
Among others who suffered was the Reverend
Adrian Chilinski, who was roasted alive by

53:21.270 --> 53:26.030
a slow fire, and whose sufferings and mode
of death may depict the horrors which the

53:26.030 --> 53:29.550
professors of Christianity have endured
from the enemies of the Redeemer.

53:31.730 --> 53:36.070
The reformation of papistical error very
early was projected in France,

53:36.570 --> 53:40.950
for in the third century a learned man
named Almericus and six of his disciples

53:40.950 --> 53:45.710
were ordered to be burnt at Paris for
asserting that God was no otherwise

53:45.710 --> 53:51.030
present in the sacramental bread than in
any other bread, that it was idolatry to

53:51.030 --> 53:54.890
build altars or shrines to saints,
and that it was ridiculous to offer

53:54.890 --> 53:55.770
incense to them.

53:57.150 --> 54:01.790
The martyrdom of Almericus and his pupils
did not however prevent many from

54:01.790 --> 54:06.150
acknowledging the justness of his notions,
and seeing the purity of the reformed

54:06.150 --> 54:10.850
religion, so that the faith of Christ
continually increased, and in time not

54:10.850 --> 54:14.830
only spread itself over many parts of
France, but diffused the light of the

54:14.830 --> 54:16.630
gospel over various other countries.

54:18.150 --> 54:24.450
In the year 1524, at a town in France
called Meldon, one John Clarke set up a

54:24.450 --> 54:28.030
bill on the church door wherein he called
the Pope Antichrist.

54:28.650 --> 54:32.250
For this offence he was repeatedly whipped
and then branded on the forehead.

54:33.190 --> 54:37.850
Going after a demence in Lorraine,
he demolished some images for which he had

54:37.850 --> 54:42.170
his right hand and nose cut off,
and his arms and breast torn with pincers.

54:43.050 --> 54:47.290
He sustained these cruelties with amazing
fortitude, and was even sufficiently

54:47.290 --> 54:51.890
called to sing the one hundredth and
fifteenth psalm which expressly forbids

54:51.890 --> 54:55.970
idolatry, after which he was thrown into
the fire and burnt to ashes.

54:57.810 --> 55:02.250
Many persons of the reformed persuasion
were about this time beaten, racked,

55:02.370 --> 55:06.670
scourged, and burnt to death in several
parts of France, but more particularly at

55:06.670 --> 55:08.550
Paris, Molde, and Limousin.

55:09.550 --> 55:15.450
A native of Molde was burnt by a slow fire
for saying that mass was a plain denial of

55:15.450 --> 55:16.810
the death and passion of Christ.

55:17.490 --> 55:22.690
At Limousin, John de Cadurco, a clergyman
of the reformed religion, was apprehended

55:22.690 --> 55:23.850
and ordered to be burnt.

55:24.770 --> 55:29.710
Francis Bribard, secretary to Cardinal de
Pellet, for speaking in favour of the

55:29.710 --> 55:33.570
reformed, had his tongue cut out,
and was then burnt, A.D.

55:33.990 --> 55:34.510
1545.

55:36.170 --> 55:40.870
James Cobard, a schoolmaster in the city
of St. Michael, was burnt, A.D.

55:41.410 --> 55:46.790
1545, for saying that mass was useless and
absurd, and about the same time fourteen

55:46.790 --> 55:51.210
men were burnt at Malta, their wives being
compelled to stand by and behold the

55:51.210 --> 55:51.770
execution.

55:53.850 --> 55:54.230
A.D.

55:54.690 --> 55:59.390
1546, Peter Chapeau brought a number of
Bibles in the French tongue to France,

55:59.790 --> 56:03.510
and publicly sold them there, for which he
was brought to trial, sentenced,

56:03.810 --> 56:05.570
and executed a few days afterward.

56:06.570 --> 56:11.150
Soon after, a cripple of Maud,
a schoolmaster of Ferra, named Stephen

56:11.150 --> 56:15.110
Pollio, and a man named John English,
were burnt for the faith.

56:17.590 --> 56:20.810
Monsieur Blondel, a rich jeweller,
was in A.D.

56:21.250 --> 56:24.070
1548 apprehended at Lyon, and sent to
Paris.

56:24.570 --> 56:27.890
There he was burnt for the faith by order
of the court, A.D.

56:28.350 --> 56:28.790
1549.

56:29.890 --> 56:33.850
Herbert, a youth of nineteen years of age,
was committed to the flames at Dijon,

56:34.190 --> 56:36.410
as was Florent Vernotte in the same year.

56:37.710 --> 56:43.130
In the year 1554, two men of the reformed
religion, with the son and daughter of one

56:43.130 --> 56:46.390
of them, were apprehended and committed to
the castle of Niverne.

56:47.050 --> 56:50.770
On examination, they confessed their
faith, and were ordered to execution.

56:51.550 --> 56:56.630
Being smeared with grease, brimstone,
and gunpowder, they cried, Salt on,

56:56.810 --> 56:59.030
salt on, this sinful and rotten flesh.

56:59.730 --> 57:03.110
Their tongues were then cut out,
and they were afterward committed to the

57:03.110 --> 57:06.990
flames, which soon consumed them,
by means of the combustible matter with

57:06.990 --> 57:08.090
which they were besmeared.

57:10.830 --> 57:13.910
The Bartholomew Massacre at Paris,
etc.

57:14.990 --> 57:20.950
On the twenty-second day of August,
1572, commenced this diabolical act of

57:20.950 --> 57:22.370
sanguinary brutality.

57:23.330 --> 57:27.350
It was intended to destroy at one stroke
the root of the Protestant tree,

57:27.750 --> 57:30.570
which had only before partially suffered
in its branches.

57:31.550 --> 57:35.510
The King of France had artfully proposed a
marriage between his sister and the Prince

57:35.510 --> 57:38.570
of Navarre, the Captain and Prince of the
Protestants.

57:39.390 --> 57:43.490
This imprudent marriage was publicly
celebrated at Paris, August 18,

57:44.090 --> 57:47.950
by the Cardinal of Bourbon, upon a high
stage erected for the purpose.

57:48.570 --> 57:52.270
They dined in great pomp with the Bishop,
and supped with the King at Paris.

57:53.230 --> 57:56.430
Four days after this, the Prince,
Coligny, as he was coming from the

57:56.430 --> 57:58.770
Council, was shot in both arms.

57:59.990 --> 58:04.290
He then said to More, his deceased
mother's minister, O my brother,

58:04.430 --> 58:09.610
I do now perceive that I am indeed beloved
of my God, since for his most holy sake I

58:09.610 --> 58:10.130
am wounded.

58:11.090 --> 58:15.970
Although the Vidame advised him to fly,
yet he abode in Paris and was soon after

58:15.970 --> 58:20.730
slain by Bemgeus, who afterwards declared
he never saw a man meet death more

58:20.730 --> 58:22.190
valiantly than the Admiral.

58:23.930 --> 58:28.350
The soldiers were appointed at a certain
signal to burst out instantly to the

58:28.350 --> 58:29.970
slaughter in all parts of the city.

58:30.630 --> 58:34.210
When they had killed the Admiral,
they threw him out at a window into the

58:34.210 --> 58:36.890
street, where his head was cut off and
sent to the Pope.

58:37.410 --> 58:42.570
The savage Papists, still raging against
him, got off his arms and private members,

58:42.850 --> 58:46.970
and after dragging him three days through
the streets, hung him by the heels without

58:46.970 --> 58:47.470
the city.

58:48.490 --> 58:51.770
After him they slew many great and
honourable persons who were Protestants,

58:52.150 --> 58:56.630
as Count Rochefoucauld, Tillinius,
the Admiral's son-in-law, Antonius,

58:56.790 --> 59:02.190
Clarimontus, Marquis of Ravelis,
Louis Boucius, Bandinius, Pluvielius,

59:02.590 --> 59:06.770
Berneus, etc., and, falling upon the
common people, they continued the

59:06.770 --> 59:07.990
slaughter for many days.

59:08.910 --> 59:12.790
In the three firsts they slew,
of all ranks and conditions, to the number

59:12.790 --> 59:13.690
of ten thousand.

59:14.450 --> 59:18.110
The bodies were thrown into the rivers,
and blood ran through the streets with a

59:18.110 --> 59:21.970
strong current, and the rivers appeared
presently like a stream of blood.

59:22.810 --> 59:27.650
So furious was their hellish rage that
they slew all Papists whom they suspected

59:27.650 --> 59:30.730
to be not very staunch to their diabolical
religion.

59:31.530 --> 59:34.370
From Paris the destruction spread to all
quarters of the realm.

59:35.270 --> 59:40.090
At Orléans a thousand were slain of men,
women, and children, and six thousand at

59:40.090 --> 59:40.450
Rouen.

59:41.010 --> 59:45.390
At Meldith two hundred were put into
prison and later brought out by units and

59:45.390 --> 59:46.210
cruelly murdered.

59:46.850 --> 59:48.950
At Lyon eight hundred were massacred.

59:49.610 --> 59:53.910
Here children, hanging about their
parents, and parents affectionately

59:53.910 --> 59:58.410
embracing their children, were pleasant
food for the swords and bloodthirsty minds

59:58.410 --> 01:00:00.670
of those who call themselves the Catholic
Church.

01:00:01.290 --> 01:00:05.330
Here three hundred were slain in the
bishop's house, and the impious monks

01:00:05.330 --> 01:00:06.710
would suffer none to be buried.

01:00:07.770 --> 01:00:12.590
At Augustobona, on the people hearing of
the massacre at Paris, they shut their

01:00:12.590 --> 01:00:17.190
gates that no Protestants might escape,
and searching diligently for every

01:00:17.190 --> 01:00:21.190
individual of the Reformed Church,
imprisoned and then barbarously murdered

01:00:21.190 --> 01:00:21.430
them.

01:00:22.050 --> 01:00:26.170
The same cruelty they practiced at
Avaricum, at Troyes, at Toulouse,

01:00:26.290 --> 01:00:31.350
Rouen, and many other places, running from
city to city, towns and villages through

01:00:31.350 --> 01:00:31.810
the kingdom.

01:00:33.690 --> 01:00:38.310
As a corroboration of this horrid carnage,
the following interesting narrative,

01:00:38.610 --> 01:00:42.570
written by a sensible and learned Roman
Catholic, appears in this place with

01:00:42.570 --> 01:00:43.890
peculiar propriety.

01:00:45.310 --> 01:00:50.370
The nuptials, says he, of the young king
of Navarre with the French king's sister,

01:00:50.730 --> 01:00:54.890
was solemnized with pomp, and all the
endearments, all the assurances of

01:00:54.890 --> 01:00:59.930
friendship, all the oaths sacred among men
were profusely lavished by Catherine the

01:00:59.930 --> 01:01:04.270
Queen Mother and by the king, during which
the rest of the court thought of nothing

01:01:04.270 --> 01:01:06.610
but festivities, plays, and masquerades.

01:01:07.430 --> 01:01:11.910
At last, at twelve o'clock at night on the
eve of St. Bartholomew, the signal was

01:01:11.910 --> 01:01:12.170
given.

01:01:13.010 --> 01:01:16.170
Immediately all the houses of the
Protestants were forced open at once.

01:01:16.950 --> 01:01:21.710
Admiral Colligny, alarmed by the uproar,
jumped out of bed when a company of

01:01:21.710 --> 01:01:23.410
assassins rushed in his chamber.

01:01:24.350 --> 01:01:28.010
They were headed by one Besmer,
who had been bred up as a domestic in the

01:01:28.010 --> 01:01:29.010
family of the Guise.

01:01:29.790 --> 01:01:33.990
This wretch thrust his sword into the
Admiral's breast, and also cut him in the

01:01:33.990 --> 01:01:34.330
face.

01:01:35.010 --> 01:01:39.510
Besmer was a German, and being afterwards
taken by the Protestants, the Rocheleurs

01:01:39.510 --> 01:01:43.670
would have brought him in order to hang
and quarter him, but he was killed by one

01:01:43.670 --> 01:01:44.370
Bretonville.

01:01:45.530 --> 01:01:49.230
Henry, the young Duke of Guise,
who afterwards framed the Catholic League

01:01:49.230 --> 01:01:53.430
and was murdered at Blois, standing at the
door until the horrid butchery should be

01:01:53.430 --> 01:01:58.410
completed, called aloud, "'Besmer,
is it done?' Immediately after this the

01:01:58.410 --> 01:02:02.850
ruffians threw the body out of the window,
and Colligny expired at Guise's feet.

01:02:04.190 --> 01:02:06.630
Count de Telligny also fell a sacrifice.

01:02:07.350 --> 01:02:10.390
He had married about ten months before
Colligny's daughter.

01:02:11.310 --> 01:02:15.550
His countenance was so engaging that the
ruffians, when they advanced in order to

01:02:15.550 --> 01:02:19.730
kill him, were struck with compassion,
but others more barbarous, rushing

01:02:19.730 --> 01:02:20.950
forward, murdered him.

01:02:22.190 --> 01:02:25.590
In the meantime all the friends of
Colligny were assassinated throughout

01:02:25.590 --> 01:02:26.090
Paris.

01:02:26.710 --> 01:02:30.350
Men, women, and children were
promiscuously slaughtered, and every

01:02:30.350 --> 01:02:32.590
street was strewed with expiring bodies.

01:02:33.490 --> 01:02:37.170
Some priests, holding up a crucifix in one
hand and a dagger in the other,

01:02:37.550 --> 01:02:41.430
ran to the chiefs of the murderers and
strongly exhorted them to spare neither

01:02:41.430 --> 01:02:42.730
relations nor friends.

01:02:44.030 --> 01:02:49.470
Tavannes, Marshal of France, an ignorant
superstitious soldier who joined the fury

01:02:49.470 --> 01:02:53.570
of religion to the rage of party,
rode on horseback through the streets of

01:02:53.570 --> 01:02:58.430
Paris, crying to his men, Let blood,
let blood, bleeding as wholesome in August

01:02:58.430 --> 01:02:59.110
as in May.

01:03:00.690 --> 01:03:04.270
In the Memories of the Life of this
Enthusiastic, written by his son,

01:03:04.870 --> 01:03:08.690
we are told that his father, being on his
deathbed and making a general confession

01:03:08.690 --> 01:03:13.390
of his actions, the priest said to him
with surprise, What, no mention of St.

01:03:13.610 --> 01:03:14.570
Bartholomew's massacre?

01:03:15.090 --> 01:03:19.690
to which Tavannes replied, I consider it
as a meritorious action that will wash

01:03:19.690 --> 01:03:20.810
away all my sins.

01:03:22.110 --> 01:03:25.650
Such horrid sentiments can a false spirit
of religion inspire.

01:03:27.370 --> 01:03:30.550
The king's palace was one of the chief
scenes of the butchery.

01:03:30.850 --> 01:03:35.470
The king of Navarre had his lodgings in
the Louvre, and all his domestics were

01:03:35.470 --> 01:03:36.050
Protestants.

01:03:36.670 --> 01:03:38.810
Many of these were killed in bed with
their wives.

01:03:39.310 --> 01:03:43.250
Others, running away naked, were pursued
by the soldiers through the several rooms

01:03:43.250 --> 01:03:45.610
of the palace, even to the king's
antechamber.

01:03:46.250 --> 01:03:50.390
The young wife of Henry of Navarre,
awaked by the dreadful uproar,

01:03:50.650 --> 01:03:54.630
being afraid for her consort and for her
own life, seized with horror and

01:03:54.630 --> 01:03:58.770
half-dead, flew from her bed in order to
throw herself at the feet of the king,

01:03:58.810 --> 01:03:59.210
her brother.

01:03:59.810 --> 01:04:04.130
But scarce had she opened her chamber door
when some of her Protestant domestics

01:04:04.130 --> 01:04:05.370
rushed in for refuge.

01:04:06.110 --> 01:04:09.350
The soldiers immediately followed,
pursued them in sight of the princess,

01:04:09.690 --> 01:04:11.870
and killed one who crept under her bed.

01:04:12.510 --> 01:04:16.170
Two others, being wounded with halberds,
fell at the queen's feet so that she was

01:04:16.170 --> 01:04:17.030
covered with blood.

01:04:18.710 --> 01:04:22.630
Count de la Rochefoucauld, a young
nobleman greatly in the king's favour for

01:04:22.630 --> 01:04:27.130
his comely air, his politeness,
and a certain peculiar happiness in the

01:04:27.130 --> 01:04:31.150
turn of his conversation, had spent the
evening until eleven o'clock with the

01:04:31.150 --> 01:04:35.290
monarch in pleasant familiarity,
and had given a loose, with the utmost

01:04:35.290 --> 01:04:37.310
mirth, to the sallies of his imagination.

01:04:38.150 --> 01:04:41.530
The monarch felt some remorse,
and being touched with a kind of

01:04:41.530 --> 01:04:45.830
compassion, bid him two or three times not
to go home, but lie in the Louvre.

01:04:46.450 --> 01:04:49.970
The count said he must go to his wife,
upon which the king pressed him no

01:04:49.970 --> 01:04:51.770
farther, but said, Let him go.

01:04:52.110 --> 01:04:54.050
I see God has decreed his death.

01:04:54.590 --> 01:04:56.630
And in two hours after, he was murdered.

01:04:59.010 --> 01:05:03.450
Very few of the Protestants escaped the
fury of their enthusiastic persecutors.

01:05:04.410 --> 01:05:08.790
Among these was young La Force,
afterwards the famous Marshal de la Force,

01:05:09.210 --> 01:05:13.190
a child about ten years of age whose
deliverance was exceedingly remarkable.

01:05:14.270 --> 01:05:18.350
His father, his elder brother,
and he himself, were seized together by

01:05:18.350 --> 01:05:19.910
the Duke of Anjou's soldiers.

01:05:20.550 --> 01:05:24.710
These murderers flew at all three,
and struck them at random, when they all

01:05:24.710 --> 01:05:26.250
fell and lay one upon another.

01:05:27.230 --> 01:05:31.330
The youngest did not receive a single
blow, but appearing as if he was dead,

01:05:31.510 --> 01:05:35.790
escaped the next day, and his life,
thus wonderfully preserved, lasted

01:05:35.790 --> 01:05:37.510
fourscore and five years.

01:05:39.010 --> 01:05:43.830
Many of the wretched victims fled to the
waterside, and some swam over the Seine to

01:05:43.830 --> 01:05:45.190
the suburbs of Saint-Germain.

01:05:45.750 --> 01:05:49.350
The king saw them from his window,
which looked upon the river, and fired

01:05:49.350 --> 01:05:53.010
upon them with a carbine that had been
loaded for that purpose by one of his

01:05:53.010 --> 01:05:57.410
pages, while the queen mother,
undisturbed and serene in the midst of

01:05:57.410 --> 01:06:02.090
slaughter, looking down from a balcony,
encouraged the murderers, and laughed at

01:06:02.090 --> 01:06:03.810
the dying groans of the slaughtered.

01:06:04.590 --> 01:06:09.190
This barbarous queen was fired with a
restless ambition, and she perpetually

01:06:09.190 --> 01:06:11.810
shifted her party in order to satiate it.

01:06:13.470 --> 01:06:18.170
Some days after this horrid transaction,
the French court endeavoured to palliate

01:06:18.170 --> 01:06:19.350
it by forms of law.

01:06:19.970 --> 01:06:24.650
They pretended to justify the massacre by
a calumny, and accused the admiral of a

01:06:24.650 --> 01:06:26.310
conspiracy which no one believed.

01:06:26.990 --> 01:06:30.910
The Parliament was commended to proceed
against the memory of Coligny,

01:06:31.310 --> 01:06:35.250
and his dead body was hanged in chains on
Montfaucon gallows.

01:06:36.230 --> 01:06:39.030
The king himself went to view this
shocking spectacle.

01:06:39.710 --> 01:06:44.010
So one of his courtiers advised him to
retire, and complaining of the stench of

01:06:44.010 --> 01:06:47.470
the corpse, he replied, a dead enemy
smells well.

01:06:49.010 --> 01:06:53.150
The massacres on St Bartholomew's Day are
painted in the Royal Saloon of the Vatican

01:06:53.150 --> 01:06:58.890
at Rome with the following inscription,
Pontifex Coligny Necem Probat,

01:06:59.150 --> 01:07:02.230
that is, the Pope approves of Coligny's
death.

01:07:04.630 --> 01:07:09.290
The young king of Navarre was spared
through policy rather than from the pity

01:07:09.290 --> 01:07:13.630
of the queen mother, she keeping him
prisoner until the king's death in order

01:07:13.630 --> 01:07:18.190
that he might be as a security and pledge
for the submission of such Protestants as

01:07:18.190 --> 01:07:19.630
might effect their escape.

01:07:21.030 --> 01:07:24.830
This horrid butchery was not confined
merely to the city of Paris.

01:07:25.470 --> 01:07:28.950
The like orders were issued from court to
the governors of all the provinces in

01:07:28.950 --> 01:07:34.190
France, so that in a week's time about
100,000 Protestants were cut to pieces in

01:07:34.190 --> 01:07:35.310
different parts of the kingdom.

01:07:36.110 --> 01:07:39.570
Two or three governors only refused to
obey the king's orders.

01:07:40.230 --> 01:07:44.270
One of these, named Montmoren,
governor of Auvergne, wrote the king the

01:07:44.270 --> 01:07:48.250
following letter, which deserves to be
transmitted to the latest posterity.

01:07:50.370 --> 01:07:55.450
Sire, I have received an order under your
majesty's seal to put to death all the

01:07:55.450 --> 01:07:56.750
Protestants in my province.

01:07:57.430 --> 01:08:01.250
I have too much respect for your majesty
not to believe the letter of forgery,

01:08:01.750 --> 01:08:05.970
but if, which God forbid, the order should
be genuine, I have too much respect for

01:08:05.970 --> 01:08:07.190
your majesty to obey it.

01:08:09.730 --> 01:08:14.970
At Rome the horrid joy was so great that
they appointed a day of high festival and

01:08:14.970 --> 01:08:19.750
a jubilee, with great indulgence to all
who kept it and showed every expression of

01:08:19.750 --> 01:08:24.090
gladness they could devise, and the man
who first carried the news received one

01:08:24.090 --> 01:08:28.410
thousand crowns of the cardinal of
Lorraine for his ungodly message.

01:08:29.270 --> 01:08:32.950
The king also commanded the day to be kept
with every demonstration of joy,

01:08:33.410 --> 01:08:36.910
concluding now that the whole race of
Huguenots was extinct.

01:08:38.550 --> 01:08:43.210
Many who gave great sums of money for
their ransom were immediately after slain,

01:08:43.510 --> 01:08:47.330
and several towns which were under the
king's promise of protection and safety

01:08:47.330 --> 01:08:51.590
were cut off as soon as they delivered
themselves up on those promises to his

01:08:51.590 --> 01:08:52.710
generals or captains.

01:08:53.650 --> 01:08:57.590
At Bordeaux, at the instigation of a
villainous monk who used to urge the

01:08:57.590 --> 01:09:02.190
papists to slaughter in his sermons,
two hundred and sixty-four were cruelly

01:09:02.190 --> 01:09:04.030
murdered, some of them senators.

01:09:04.990 --> 01:09:09.450
Another of the same pious fraternity
produced a similar slaughter at Agendicum

01:09:09.450 --> 01:09:14.530
in Maine, where the populace at the Holy
Inquisitor's satanical suggestion ran upon

01:09:14.530 --> 01:09:18.430
the Protestants, slew them, plundered
their houses, and pulled down their

01:09:18.430 --> 01:09:18.870
church.

01:09:19.850 --> 01:09:24.770
The Duke of Guise, entering into Bois,
suffered his soldiers to fly upon the

01:09:24.770 --> 01:09:28.190
spoil and slay or drown all the
Protestants they could find.

01:09:28.190 --> 01:09:33.490
In this they spared neither age nor sex,
defiling the women and then murdering

01:09:33.490 --> 01:09:37.810
them, from whence he went to Mer,
and committed the same outrages for many

01:09:37.810 --> 01:09:38.510
days together.

01:09:39.210 --> 01:09:43.110
Here they found a minister named
Casabonius, and threw him into the river.

01:09:43.910 --> 01:09:49.150
At Anjou they slew Albaicus, a minister,
and many women were defiled and murdered

01:09:49.150 --> 01:09:53.690
there, among whom were two sisters,
abused before their father, whom the

01:09:53.690 --> 01:09:58.130
assassins bound to a wall to see them,
and then slew them and him.

01:10:00.030 --> 01:10:04.910
The President of Turin, after giving a
large sum for his life, was cruelly beaten

01:10:04.910 --> 01:10:09.350
with clubs, stripped of his clothes,
and hung feet upwards with his head and

01:10:09.350 --> 01:10:10.110
breast in the river.

01:10:10.710 --> 01:10:14.310
Before he was dead they opened his belly,
plucked out his entrails, and threw them

01:10:14.310 --> 01:10:17.950
into the river, and then carried his heart
about the city upon a spear.

01:10:19.490 --> 01:10:24.190
At Bar, great cruelty was used even to
young children, whom they cut open,

01:10:24.370 --> 01:10:28.270
pulled out their entrails, which through
very rage they gnawed with their teeth.

01:10:29.170 --> 01:10:32.250
Those who had fled to the castle,
when they yielded, were almost hanged.

01:10:32.730 --> 01:10:36.870
Thus they did at the city of Matiscon,
counting it sport to cut off their arms

01:10:36.870 --> 01:10:40.230
and legs, and afterward kill them,
and for the entertainment of their

01:10:40.230 --> 01:10:43.550
visitors they often threw the Protestants
from a high bridge into the river,

01:10:43.690 --> 01:10:46.090
saying, Did you ever see men leap so well?

01:10:47.190 --> 01:10:52.150
At Penna, after promising them safety,
three hundred were inhumanely butchered,

01:10:52.430 --> 01:10:55.210
and five and forty at Albia on the Lord's
Day.

01:10:55.890 --> 01:11:00.750
At None, though it yielded on conditions
of safeguard, the most horrid spectacles

01:11:00.750 --> 01:11:01.350
were exhibited.

01:11:01.990 --> 01:11:06.370
Persons of both sexes and conditions were
indiscriminately murdered, the streets

01:11:06.370 --> 01:11:10.810
ringing with doleful cries and flowing
with blood, and the houses flaming with

01:11:10.810 --> 01:11:13.730
fire, which the abandoned soldiers had
thrown in.

01:11:14.590 --> 01:11:17.630
One woman, being dragged from her
hiding-place with her husband,

01:11:18.010 --> 01:11:21.910
was first abused by the brutal soldiers,
and then, with a sword which they

01:11:21.910 --> 01:11:26.030
commanded her to draw, they forced it
while in her hands into the bowels of her

01:11:26.030 --> 01:11:26.430
husband.

01:11:27.730 --> 01:11:31.910
At Samarubriva they murdered above one
hundred Protestants after promising them

01:11:31.910 --> 01:11:37.250
peace, and at Ansidor one hundred were
killed and cast part into a jakes and part

01:11:37.250 --> 01:11:41.790
into a river, one hundred put into a
prison at Orléans were destroyed by the

01:11:41.790 --> 01:11:42.630
furious multitude.

01:11:43.830 --> 01:11:48.650
The Protestants at Rochelle, who were such
as had miraculously escaped the rage of

01:11:48.650 --> 01:11:53.010
hell and fled there, seeing how ill they
fared who submitted to those holy devils,

01:11:53.290 --> 01:11:57.610
stood for their lives, and some other
cities encouraged thereby did the like.

01:11:58.610 --> 01:12:03.350
Against Rochelle the king sent almost the
whole power of France, which besieged it

01:12:03.350 --> 01:12:04.170
seven months.

01:12:04.890 --> 01:12:08.950
By their assaults they did very little
execution on the inhabitants, yet by

01:12:08.950 --> 01:12:12.470
famine they destroyed eighteen thousand
out of two and twenty.

01:12:13.350 --> 01:12:17.750
The dead, being too numerous for the
living to bury, became food for vermin and

01:12:17.750 --> 01:12:18.810
carnivorous birds.

01:12:19.690 --> 01:12:22.910
Many took their coffins into the
churchyard, laid down in them,

01:12:22.930 --> 01:12:23.950
and breathed their last.

01:12:24.970 --> 01:12:29.710
Their diet had long been what the minds of
those in plenty shudder at, even human

01:12:29.710 --> 01:12:34.690
flesh, entrails, dung, and the most
loathsome things became at last the only

01:12:34.690 --> 01:12:39.370
food of those champions for that truth and
liberty of which the world was not worthy.

01:12:40.630 --> 01:12:44.970
At every attack the besiegers met with
such an intrepid reception that they left

01:12:44.970 --> 01:12:48.670
one hundred and thirty-two captains,
with a proportionate number of men,

01:12:48.790 --> 01:12:49.570
dead in the field.

01:12:50.750 --> 01:12:54.770
The siege at last was broken up at the
request of the duke of Anjou, the king's

01:12:54.770 --> 01:12:59.430
brother, who was proclaimed king of
Poland, and the king, being wearied out,

01:12:59.430 --> 01:13:03.370
easily complied, whereupon honourable
conditions were granted them.

01:13:04.850 --> 01:13:09.050
It is a remarkable interference of
providence that in all this dreadful

01:13:09.050 --> 01:13:12.730
massacre not more than two ministers of
the gospel were involved in it.

01:13:14.150 --> 01:13:18.870
The tragical sufferings of the Protestants
are too numerous to detail, but the

01:13:18.870 --> 01:13:21.890
treatment of Philippe de Deux will give an
idea of the rest.

01:13:22.850 --> 01:13:26.930
After the miscreants had slain this martyr
in his bed, they went to his wife,

01:13:27.070 --> 01:13:30.550
who was then attended by the midwife,
expecting every moment to be delivered.

01:13:31.590 --> 01:13:35.110
The midwife entreated them to stay the
murder, at least till the child,

01:13:35.310 --> 01:13:37.050
which was the twentieth, should be born.

01:13:38.050 --> 01:13:41.170
Notwithstanding this, they thrust a dagger
up to the hilt into the poor woman.

01:13:41.790 --> 01:13:45.990
Anxious to be delivered, she ran into a
corn-loft, but hither they pursued her,

01:13:46.270 --> 01:13:48.630
stabbed her in the belly, and then threw
her into the street.

01:13:49.490 --> 01:13:53.950
By the fall, the child came from the dying
mother, and being caught up by one of the

01:13:53.950 --> 01:13:57.850
Catholic ruffians, he stabbed the infant
and then threw it into the river.

01:14:01.080 --> 01:14:08.640
From the Revocation of the Edict of Nantes
to the French Revolution in 1789 The

01:14:08.640 --> 01:14:12.900
persecutions occasioned by the revocation
of the Edict of Nantes took place under

01:14:12.900 --> 01:14:13.600
Louis XIV.

01:14:14.380 --> 01:14:19.500
This edict was made by Henry the Great of
France in 1598 and secured to the

01:14:19.500 --> 01:14:23.260
Protestants an equal right in every
respect, whether civil or religious,

01:14:23.260 --> 01:14:25.160
with the other subjects of the realm.

01:14:25.960 --> 01:14:30.520
All those privileges Louis XIV confirmed
to the Protestants by another statute,

01:14:31.000 --> 01:14:35.240
called the Edict of Nîmes, and kept them
inviolably to the end of his reign.

01:14:36.620 --> 01:14:40.740
On the accession of Louis XIV,
the kingdom was almost ruined by civil

01:14:40.740 --> 01:14:41.160
wars.

01:14:42.060 --> 01:14:45.800
At this critical juncture, the
Protestants, heedless of our Lord's

01:14:45.800 --> 01:14:50.400
admonition, they that take the sword shall
perish with the sword, took such an active

01:14:50.400 --> 01:14:54.260
part in favour of the King that he was
constrained to acknowledge himself

01:14:54.260 --> 01:14:57.060
indebted to their arms for his
establishment on the throne.

01:14:58.300 --> 01:15:02.640
Instead of cherishing and rewarding that
party who had fought for him, he reasoned

01:15:02.640 --> 01:15:06.640
that the same power which had protected
could overturn him, and, listening to the

01:15:06.640 --> 01:15:11.580
Popish machinations, he began to issue our
proscriptions and restrictions indicative

01:15:11.580 --> 01:15:13.300
of his final determination.

01:15:14.500 --> 01:15:18.580
Rochelle was presently fettered with an
incredible number of denunciations.

01:15:19.200 --> 01:15:21.900
Montauban and Millau were sacked by
soldiers.

01:15:22.560 --> 01:15:25.700
Popish commissioners were appointed to
preside over the affairs of the

01:15:25.700 --> 01:15:29.440
Protestants, and there was no appeal from
their ordinance except to the King's

01:15:29.440 --> 01:15:29.840
Council.

01:15:30.820 --> 01:15:35.360
This struck at the root of their civil and
religious exercises, and prevented them,

01:15:35.520 --> 01:15:38.900
being Protestants, from suing a Catholic
in any court of law.

01:15:40.120 --> 01:15:44.640
This was followed by another injunction to
make an inquiry in all parishes into

01:15:44.640 --> 01:15:48.180
whatever the Protestants had said or done
for twenty years past.

01:15:48.780 --> 01:15:52.580
This filled the prisons with innocent
victims, and condemned others to the

01:15:52.580 --> 01:15:53.880
galleys or banishment.

01:15:55.080 --> 01:15:58.920
Protestants were expelled from all
offices, trades, privileges, and

01:15:58.920 --> 01:16:03.380
employees, thereby depriving them of the
means of getting their bread, and they

01:16:03.380 --> 01:16:07.480
proceeded to such excess in this brutality
that they would not suffer even the

01:16:07.480 --> 01:16:11.840
midwives to officiate, but compelled their
women to submit themselves in that crisis

01:16:11.840 --> 01:16:14.380
of nature to their enemies, the brutal
Catholics.

01:16:15.240 --> 01:16:19.240
Their children were taken from them to be
educated by the Catholics, and at seven

01:16:19.240 --> 01:16:21.140
years of age made to embrace popery.

01:16:22.000 --> 01:16:26.680
The reformed were prohibited from
relieving their own sick or poor from all

01:16:26.680 --> 01:16:30.980
private worship, and divine service was to
be performed in the presence of a Popish

01:16:30.980 --> 01:16:31.420
priest.

01:16:32.640 --> 01:16:37.000
To prevent the unfortunate victims from
leaving the Kingdom, all the passages on

01:16:37.000 --> 01:16:38.440
the frontiers were strictly guarded.

01:16:39.220 --> 01:16:42.960
Yet by the good hand of God, about a
hundred and fifty thousand escaped their

01:16:42.960 --> 01:16:47.240
vigilance and emigrated to different
countries to relate the dismal narrative.

01:16:48.400 --> 01:16:52.420
All that has been related hitherto were
only infringements on their established

01:16:52.420 --> 01:16:54.140
charter, the Edict of Nantes.

01:16:55.240 --> 01:17:00.000
At length, a diabolical revocation of that
edict passed on the 18th of October,

01:17:00.160 --> 01:17:05.820
1685, and was registered the 22nd,
contrary to all form of law.

01:17:06.820 --> 01:17:10.500
Instantly, the dragoons were quartered
upon the Protestants throughout the realm,

01:17:10.500 --> 01:17:15.600
and filled all France with the like news
that the King would no longer suffer any

01:17:15.600 --> 01:17:19.200
Huguenots in his Kingdom, and therefore
they must resolve to change their

01:17:19.200 --> 01:17:19.580
religion.

01:17:21.000 --> 01:17:25.940
Hereupon the intendants in every parish,
which were Popish governors and spies set

01:17:25.940 --> 01:17:29.760
over the Protestants, assembled the
reformed inhabitants and told them they

01:17:29.760 --> 01:17:33.540
must without delay turn Catholics,
either freely or by force.

01:17:34.500 --> 01:17:38.140
The Protestants replied that they were
ready to sacrifice their lives and estates

01:17:38.140 --> 01:17:42.980
to the King, but their consciences,
being gods, they could not so dispose of them.