WEBVTT

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Chapter Fourteen An account of the
persecutions in Great Britain and Ireland

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prior to the reign of Queen Mary I.

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Gildas, the most ancient British writer
extant, who lived about the time that the

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Saxons left the island of Great Britain,
has drawn a most shocking instance of the

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barbarity of those people.

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The Saxons, on their arrival, being
heathens like the Scots and Picts,

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destroyed the churches and murdered the
clergy wherever they came, but they could

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not destroy Christianity, for those who
would not submit to the Saxon yoke went

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and resided beyond the Severn.

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Neither have we the names of those
Christian sufferers transmitted to us,

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especially those of the clergy.

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The most dreadful instance of barbarity
under the Saxon government was the

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massacre of the monks of Bangor,
A.D.

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586.

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These monks were in all respects different
from those men who bear the same name at

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present.

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In the eighth century, the Danes,
a roving crew of barbarians, landed in

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different parts of Britain, both in
England and Scotland.

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At first they were repulsed, but in A.D.

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857, a party of them landed somewhere near
Southampton and not only robbed the

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people, but burned down the churches and
murdered the clergy.

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In A.D.

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868, these barbarians penetrated into the
centre of England and took up their

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quarters at Nottingham, but the English,
under their king Æthelred, drove them from

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their posts and obliged them to retire to
Northumberland.

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In 870, another body of these barbarians
landed at Norfolk and engaged in battle

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with the English at Hertford.

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Victory declared in favour of the pagans,
who took Edmund, king of the East Angles,

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prisoner, and after treating him with a
thousand indignities, transfixed his body

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with arrows and then beheaded him.

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In Fifeshire, in Scotland, they burned
many of the churches and, among the rest,

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that belonging to the Culdees at St.
Andrews.

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The piety of these men made them objects
of abhorrence to the Danes, who,

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wherever they went, singled out the
Christian priests for destruction,

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of whom no less than two hundred were
massacred in Scotland.

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It was much the same in that part of
Ireland now called Leinster.

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There the Danes murdered and burned the
priests alive in their own churches.

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They carried destruction along with them
wherever they went, sparing neither age

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nor sex, but the clergy were the most
obnoxious to them because they ridiculed

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their idolatry and persuaded their people
to have nothing to do with them.

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In the reign of Edward III, the Church of
England was extremely corrupted with

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errors and superstition, and the light of
the Gospel of Christ was greatly eclipsed

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and darkened with human inventions,
burdensome ceremonies and gross idolatry.

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The followers of Wycliffe, then called
Lollards, were become extremely numerous,

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and the clergy were so vexed to see them
increase, whatever power or influence they

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might have to molest them in an underhand
manner, they had no authority by law to

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put them to death.

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However, the clergy embraced the
favourable opportunity and prevailed upon

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the King to suffer a bill to be brought
into Parliament by which all Lollards who

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remained obstinate should be delivered
over to the secular power and burned as

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heretics.

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This act was the first in Britain for the
burning of people for their religious

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sentiments.

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It passed in the year 1401 and was soon
after put into execution.

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The first person who suffered in
consequence of this cruel act was William

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Santry, or Sawtree, a priest who was burnt
to death in Smithfield.

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Soon after this, Sir John Oldcastle,
Lord Cobham, in consequence of his

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attachment to the doctrines of Wycliffe,
was accused of heresy, and being condemned

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to be hanged and burned, was accordingly
executed in Lincoln's Inn Fields,

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A.D.

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1419.

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In his written defence, Lord Cobham said,
As for images, I understand that they be

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not of belief, but that they were
ordained, since the belief of Christ was

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given by sufferance of the Church,
to represent and bring to mind the passion

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of our Lord Jesus Christ, and martyrdom
and good living of other saints,

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and that whoso it be that doth the worship
to dead images that is due to God,

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or putteth such hope or trust in help of
them as he should do to God, or hath

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affection in one more than in another,
he doth in that the greatest sin of idle

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worship.

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Also, I suppose this fully, that every man
in this earth is a pilgrim toward bliss or

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toward pain, and that he that knoweth not
the holy commandments of God in his living

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here, albeit that he go on pilgrimages to
all the world, and he die so, he shall be

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damned.

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He that knoweth the holy commandments of
God, and keepeth them to his end,

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he shall be saved though he never in his
life go on pilgrimage, as men now use,

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to Canterbury, or to Rome, or to any other
place.

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Upon the day appointed, Lord Cobham was
brought out of the tower, with his arms

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bound behind him, having a very cheerful
countenance.

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Then was he laid upon a hurdle,
as though he had been a most heinous

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traitor to the crown, and so drawn forth
into St. Giles's field.

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As he was come to the place of execution,
and was taken from the hurdle,

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he fell down devoutly upon his knees,
desiring Almighty God to forgive his

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enemies.

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Then he stood up, and beheld a multitude,
exhorting them in most godly manner to

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follow the laws of God written in the
scriptures, and to beware of such teachers

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as they see contrary to Christ in their
conversation and living.

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Then was he hanged up by the middle in
chains of iron, and so consumed alive in

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the fire, praising the name of God so long
as his life lasted, the people there

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present showing great dollar.

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And this was done A.D.

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1418.

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How the priests that time fared,
blasphemed and accursed, requiring the

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people not to pray for him, but to judge
him damned in hell, for that he departed

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not in the obedience of their Pope,
it were too long to write.

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Thus resteth this valiant Christian
knight, Sir John Oldcastle, under the

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altar of God, which is Jesus Christ,
among that godly company who in the

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kingdom of patience suffered great
tribulation with the death of their

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bodies, for his faithful word and
testimony.

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In August 1473, one Thomas Granter was
apprehended in London.

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He was accused of professing the doctrines
of Wycliffe, for which he was condemned as

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an obstinate heretic.

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This pious man, being brought to the
sheriff's house, on the morning of the day

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appointed for his execution, desired a
little refreshment, and having ate some,

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he said to the people present,
I eat now a very good meal, for I have a

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strange conflict to engage with before I
go to supper.

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And having eaten, he returned thanks to
God for the bounties of his all-gracious

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providence, requesting that he might be
instantly led to the place of execution to

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bear testimony to the truth of those
principles which he had professed.

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Accordingly, he was chained to a stake on
Tower Hill, where he was burnt alive,

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professing the truth with his last breath.

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In the year 1499, one Budrum, a pious man,
was brought before the Bishop of Norwich,

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having been accused by some of the priests
withholding the doctrines of Wycliffe.

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He confessed he did believe everything
that was objected against him.

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For this, he was condemned as an obstinate
heretic, and a warrant was granted for his

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execution.

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Accordingly, he was brought to the stake
at Norwich, where he suffered with great

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constancy.

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In 1506, one William Tilfrey, a pious man,
was burnt alive at Amersham, in a close

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called Stoneypratt, and at the same time
his daughter, Joan Clarke, a married

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woman, was obliged to light the faggots
that were to burn her father.

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This year also, one Father Roberts,
a priest, was convicted of being a lollard

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before the Bishop of Lincoln, and burnt
alive at Buckingham.

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In 1507, one Thomas Norris was burnt alive
for the testimony of the truth of the

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Gospel at Norwich.

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This man was a poor, inoffensive,
harmless person, but his parish priest,

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conversing with him one day, conjectured
he was a lollard.

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In consequence of this supposition,
he gave information to the Bishop,

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and Norris was apprehended.

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In 1508, one Lawrence Gwayle, who'd been
kept in prison two years, was burnt alive

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at Salisbury for denying the real presence
in the sacrament.

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It appeared that this man kept a shop in
Salisbury, and entertained some lollards

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in his house, for which he was informed
against to the Bishop, but he abode by his

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first testimony, and was condemned to
suffer as a heretic.

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A pious woman was burnt at Chippen's
Sudburn, by order of the Chancellor,

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Dr. Whittenham.

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After she'd been consumed in the flames,
and the people were returning home,

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a bull broke loose from a butcher,
and singling out the Chancellor from all

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the rest of the company, he gored him
through the body, and on his horns carried

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his entrails.

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This was seen by all the people,
and it is remarkable that the animal did

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not meddle with any other person whatever.

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October 18, 1511, William Suckling and
John Bannister, who had formerly recanted,

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returned again to the profession of the
faith, and were burnt alive in Smithfield.

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In the year 1517, one John Brown,
who'd recanted before in the reign of

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Henry VII, and born a faggot round St.
Paul's, was condemned by Dr. Wanneman,

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Archbishop of Canterbury, and burnt alive
at Ashford.

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Before he was chained to the stake,
the Archbishop Wanneman and Yester,

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Bishop of Rochester, caused his feet to be
burnt in a fire until all the flesh came

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off, even to the bones.

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This was done in order to make him again
recant, but he persisted in his attachment

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to the truth to the last.

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Much about this time one Richard Hunn,
a merchant tailor of the City of London,

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was apprehended, having refused to pay the
priest his fees for the funeral of a

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child, and being conveyed to the Lollards
Tower in the Palace of Lambeth,

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was there privately murdered by some of
the servants of the Archbishop.

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September 24, 1518, John Stillinson,
who had before recanted, was apprehended,

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brought before Richard Fitzjames,
Bishop of London, and on the 25th of

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October was condemned as a heretic.

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He was chained to the stake in Smithfield
amidst a vast crowd of spectators,

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and sealed his testimony to the truth with
his blood.

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He declared that he was a Lollard,
and that he had always believed the

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opinions of Wycliffe, and although he had
been weak enough to recant his opinions,

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yet he was now willing to convince the
world that he was ready to die for the

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truth.

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In the year 1519 Thomas Mann was burnt in
London, as was one Robert Sellin,

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a plain honest man, for speaking against
image worship and pilgrimages.

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Much about this time was executed in
Smithfield, in London, James Brewster,

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a native of Colchester.

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His sentiments were the same as the rest
of the Lollards, or those who followed the

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doctrines of Wycliffe, but notwithstanding
the innocence of his life and the

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regularity of his manners, he was obliged
to submit to papal revenge.

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During this year one Christopher,
a shoemaker, was burnt alive at Newbury in

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Berkshire, for denying those popish
articles which we have already mentioned.

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This man had gotten some books in English,
which was sufficient to render him

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obnoxious to the Romish clergy.

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Robert Silks, who had been condemned in
the Bishop's Court as a heretic,

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made his escape out of prison,
but was taken two years afterward and

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brought back to Coventry, where he was
burnt alive.

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The sheriffs always seized the goods of
the martyrs for their own use,

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so that their wives and children were left
to starve.

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In 1532, Thomas Harding, who with his wife
had been accused of heresy, was brought

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before the Bishop of Lincoln and condemned
for denying the real presence in the

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sacrament.

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He was then chained to a stake erected for
the purpose at Chesham in the Pell near

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Boatley.

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When they had set fire to the faggots,
one of the spectators dashed his brains

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out with a billet.

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The priest told the people that whoever
brought faggots to burn heretics would

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have an indulgence to commit sins for
forty days.

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During the latter end of this year,
Warram, Archbishop of Canterbury,

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apprehended one Hitton, a priest at
Maidstone, and after he'd been long

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tortured in prison and several times
examined by the Archbishop and Bishop,

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Bishop of Rochester, he was condemned as a
heretic and burned alive before the door

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of his own parish church.

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Thomas Bilney, Professor of Civil Law at
Cambridge, was brought before the Bishop

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of London and several other bishops in the
Chapter House Westminster, and being

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several times threatened with the stake
and flames, he was weak enough to recant,

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but he repented severely afterward.

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For this, he was brought before the Bishop
a second time and condemned to death.

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Before he went to the stake, he confessed
his adherence to those opinions which

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Luther held, and when at it, he smiled and
said, I've had many storms in this world,

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but now my vessel will soon be on shore in
heaven.

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He stood unmoved in the flames,
crying out, Jesus, I believe, and these

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were the last words he was heard to utter.

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A few weeks after Bilney had suffered,
Richard Byfield was cast into prison and

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endured some whipping for his adherence to
the doctrines of Luther.

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This Mr. Byfield had been sometime a monk
at Barnes in Surrey, but was converted by

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reading Tyndale's version of the New
Testament.

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The sufferings this man underwent for the
truth were so great that it would require

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a volume to contain them.

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Sometimes he was shut up in a dungeon,
where he was almost suffocated by the

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offensive and horrid smell of filth and
stagnant water.

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At other times he was tied up by the arms,
until almost all his joints were

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dislocated.

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He was whipped at the post several times,
until scarcely any flesh was left on his

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back, and all this was done to make him
recant.

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He was then taken to the Lollard's Tower
in Lambeth Palace, where he was chained by

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the neck to the wall, and once every day
beaten in the most cruel manner by the

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Archbishop's servants.

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At last he was condemned, degraded,
and burned in Smithfield.

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The next person that suffered was John
Tewksbury.

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This was a plain, simple man who had been
guilty of no other offence against what

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was called the Holy Mother Church,
than that of reading Tyndale's translation

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of the New Testament.

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At first he was weak enough to endure,
but afterward repented and acknowledged

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the truth.

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For this he was brought before the Bishop
of London, who condemned him as an

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obstinate heretic.

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He suffered greatly during the time of his
imprisonment, so that when they brought

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him out to execution he was almost dead.

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He was conducted to the stake in
Smithfield, where he was burned,

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declaring his utter abhorrence of
potpourri, and professing a firm belief

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that his cause was just in the sight of
God.

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The next person that suffered in this
reign was James Bainham, a reputable

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citizen in London, who had married the
widow of a gentleman in the Temple.

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When chained to the stake he embraced the
faggots and said, O ye Papists,

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behold, ye look for miracles.

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Here now may you see a miracle,
for in this fire I feel no more pain than

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if I were in bed, for it is as sweet to me
as a bed of roses.

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Thus he resigned his soul into the hands
of his Redeemer.

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Soon after the death of this martyr,
one Traxnell, an inoffensive countryman,

15:59.760 --> 16:02.940
was burned alive at Bradford, in
Wiltshire, because he would not

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acknowledge the real presence in the
sacrament, nor own the papal supremacy

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over the consciences of men.

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In the year 1533, John Frith, a noted
martyr, died for the truth.

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When brought to the stake in Smithfield,
he embraced the faggots and exhorted a

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young man named Andrew Hewitt,
who suffered with him, to trust his soul

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to that God who had redeemed it.

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Both these sufferers endured much torment,
for the wind blew the flames away from

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them, so that they were above two hours in
agony before they expired.

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In the year 1538, one Collins,
a madman, suffered death with his dog in

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Smithfield.

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The circumstances were as follows.

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Collins happened to be in church when the
priest elevated the host, and Collins,

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in derision of the sacrifice of the mass,
lifted up his dog above his head.

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For this crime, Collins, who ought to have
been sent to a madhouse or whipped at the

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cart's tail, was brought before the Bishop
of London, and although he was really mad,

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yet such was the force of popish power,
such the corruption in church and state,

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that the poor madman and his dog were both
carried to the stake in Smithfield,

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where they were burned to ashes amidst a
vast crowd of spectators.

17:18.060 --> 17:21.580
There were some other persons who suffered
the same year, of whom we shall take

17:21.580 --> 17:23.560
notice in the order they lie before us.

17:24.880 --> 17:28.660
One Cowbridge suffered at Oxford,
and although he was reputed to be a

17:28.660 --> 17:32.420
madman, yet he showed great signs of piety
when he was fastened to the stake,

17:32.740 --> 17:34.920
and after the flames were kindled around
him.

17:36.740 --> 17:42.100
Around the same time, one Perdurve was put
to death for saying privately to a priest,

17:42.260 --> 17:46.580
after he had drunk the wine, he blessed
the hungry people with the empty chalice.

17:47.600 --> 17:52.420
At the same time was condemned William
Letton, a monk of great age in the county

17:52.420 --> 17:56.620
of Suffolk, who was burned at Norwich for
speaking against an idol that was carried

17:56.620 --> 18:00.680
in procession, and for asserting that the
sacrament should be administered in both

18:00.680 --> 18:01.200
kinds.

18:03.220 --> 18:08.300
Some time before the burning of these men,
Nicholas Peake was executed at Norwich,

18:08.740 --> 18:12.600
and when the fire was lighted he was so
scorched that he was as black as pitch.

18:13.820 --> 18:18.160
Dr. Redding, standing before him with Dr.
Hearn and Dr. Spragwell, having a long

18:18.160 --> 18:22.200
white wand in his hand, struck him upon
the right shoulder and said, Peake,

18:22.640 --> 18:24.200
recant and believe in the sacrament.

18:25.180 --> 18:30.580
To this he answered, I despise thee and it
also, and with great violence he spit

18:30.580 --> 18:33.420
blood, occasioned by the anguish of his
sufferings.

18:34.660 --> 18:38.980
Dr. Redding granted forty days indulgence
for the sufferer, in order that he might

18:38.980 --> 18:43.780
recount his opinions, but he persisted in
his adherence to the truth, without paying

18:43.780 --> 18:48.300
any regard to the malice of his enemies,
and he was burned alive rejoicing that

18:48.300 --> 18:51.380
Christ had counted him worthy to suffer
for his name's sake.

18:52.920 --> 18:59.980
On July 28, 1540, or 1541, for the
chronology differs, Thomas Cromwell,

19:00.120 --> 19:05.180
Earl of Essex, was brought to a scaffold
on Tower Hill, where he was executed with

19:05.180 --> 19:07.220
some striking instances of cruelty.

19:08.000 --> 19:12.080
He made a short speech to the people and
then meekly resigned himself to the axe.

19:13.400 --> 19:17.740
It is, we think, with great propriety that
this noble man is ranked among the

19:17.740 --> 19:21.800
martyrs, for although the accusations
preferred against him did not relate to

19:21.800 --> 19:26.100
anything in religion, yet had it not been
for his zeal to demolish Popery,

19:26.580 --> 19:28.980
he might have to the last retained the
King's favour.

19:29.860 --> 19:34.180
To this may be added that the Papists
plotted his destruction, for he did more

19:34.180 --> 19:38.520
towards promoting the Reformation than any
man in that age except the good Dr.

19:38.620 --> 19:39.000
Cranmer.

19:40.260 --> 19:45.540
Soon after the execution of Cromwell,
Dr. Cuthbert Barnes, Thomas Garnet and

19:45.540 --> 19:48.960
William Jerome were brought before the
Ecclesiastical Court of the Bishop of

19:48.960 --> 19:50.660
London and accused of heresy.

19:51.720 --> 19:55.300
Being before the Bishop of London,
Dr. Barnes was asked whether the Saints

19:55.300 --> 19:56.200
prayed for us.

19:56.600 --> 20:01.040
To this he answered that he would leave
that to God, but said he, I will pray for

20:01.040 --> 20:01.280
you.

20:02.900 --> 20:07.900
On the 13th of July, 1541, these men were
brought from the Tower to Smithfield,

20:08.180 --> 20:12.440
where they were all chained to one stake,
and there suffered death with a constancy

20:12.440 --> 20:16.140
that nothing less than a firm faith in
Jesus Christ could inspire.

20:18.340 --> 20:23.400
One Thomas Sommers, an honest merchant
with three others, was thrown into prison

20:23.400 --> 20:26.700
for reading some of Luther's books,
and they were condemned to carry those

20:26.700 --> 20:30.160
books to a fire in Cheapside, there they
were to throw them in the flames.

20:30.720 --> 20:34.920
But Sommers threw his over, for which he
was sent back to the Tower, where he was

20:34.920 --> 20:35.760
stoned to death.

20:38.360 --> 20:42.320
Dreadful persecutions were at this time
carried on at Lincoln under Dr. Longland,

20:42.440 --> 20:43.760
the Bishop of that diocese.

20:44.540 --> 20:49.000
At Buckingham, Thomas Baynard and James
Morton, the one for reading the Lord's

20:49.000 --> 20:53.180
Prayer in English, and the other for
reading St. James's Epistles in English,

20:53.740 --> 20:55.880
were both condemned and burnt alive.

20:57.860 --> 21:02.400
Anthony Parsons, a priest, together with
two others, were sent to Windsor to be

21:02.400 --> 21:06.940
examined concerning heresy, and several
articles were tended to them to subscribe,

21:07.180 --> 21:08.040
which they refused.

21:08.820 --> 21:12.160
This was carried on by the Bishop of
Salisbury, who was the most violent

21:12.160 --> 21:15.040
persecutor of any in that age,
except Bonner.

21:15.940 --> 21:19.620
When they were brought to the stake,
Parsons asked for some drink, which being

21:19.620 --> 21:23.460
brought him, he drank to his fellow
sufferers, saying, Be merry, my brethren,

21:23.560 --> 21:27.120
and lift up your hearts to God,
for after this sharp breakfast,

21:27.340 --> 21:30.980
I trust we shall have a good dinner in the
kingdom of Christ, our Lord and Redeemer.

21:32.000 --> 21:36.540
At these words, eastward, one of the
sufferers lifted up his eyes and hands to

21:36.540 --> 21:39.380
heaven, desiring the Lord above to receive
his spirit.

21:40.320 --> 21:43.540
Parsons pulled the straw near to him,
and then said to the spectators,

21:44.240 --> 21:48.420
This is God's armour, and now I am a
Christian soldier prepared for battle.

21:48.960 --> 21:51.280
I look for no mercy but through the merits
of Christ.

21:52.100 --> 21:55.520
He is my only Saviour, in Him do I trust
for salvation.

21:56.780 --> 22:01.240
And soon after the fires were lighted,
which burned their bodies, but could not

22:01.240 --> 22:06.200
hurt their precious and immortal souls,
their constancy triumphed over cruelty,

22:06.480 --> 22:09.240
and their sufferings will be held in
everlasting remembrance.

22:11.380 --> 22:15.520
Thus were Christ's people betrayed every
way, and their lives bought and sold.

22:16.320 --> 22:20.680
For in the said Parliament, the King made
this most blasphemous and cruel act to be

22:20.680 --> 22:24.600
a law for ever, that whatsoever they were
that should read the scriptures in the

22:24.600 --> 22:28.820
mother tongue, which was then called
Wycliffe's learning, they should forfeit

22:28.820 --> 22:34.560
land, cattle, body, life, and goods from
their heirs for ever, and so be condemned

22:34.560 --> 22:39.520
for heretics to God, enemies to the crown,
and most arrant traitors to the land.

22:42.570 --> 22:43.690
Chapter 15.

22:44.370 --> 22:48.770
An account of the persecutions in Scotland
during the reign of King Henry VIII.

22:51.330 --> 22:55.730
Like as there was no place either of
Germany, Italy, or France, wherein there

22:55.730 --> 23:00.850
were not some branches sprung out of that
most fruitful root of Luther, so likewise

23:00.850 --> 23:05.590
was not this Isle of Britain without his
fruit and branches, amongst whom was

23:05.590 --> 23:10.570
Patrick Hamilton, a Scotchman born of high
and noble stock, and of the King's blood,

23:10.950 --> 23:15.650
of excellent towardness, twenty-three
years of age, called Abbot of Fern.

23:16.870 --> 23:20.190
Coming out of his country with three
companions to seek godly learning,

23:20.610 --> 23:25.050
he went to the University of Marburg in
Germany, which university was then newly

23:25.050 --> 23:27.530
erected by Philip, Landgrave of Hesse.

23:28.830 --> 23:32.590
During his residence here, he became
intimately acquainted with those eminent

23:32.590 --> 23:37.370
lights of the gospel, Martin Luther and
Philip Melanchthon, from whose writings

23:37.370 --> 23:40.690
and doctrines he strongly attached himself
to the Protestant religion.

23:42.050 --> 23:46.510
The Archbishop of St. Andrews,
who was a rigid papist, learning of Mr.

23:46.610 --> 23:51.350
Hamilton's proceedings caused him to be
seized, and being brought before him after

23:51.350 --> 23:55.750
a short examination relative to his
religious principles, he committed him a

23:55.750 --> 23:59.770
prisoner to the castle, at the same time
ordering him to be confined in the most

23:59.770 --> 24:01.250
loathsome part of the prison.

24:02.510 --> 24:06.470
The next morning Mr. Hamilton was brought
before the bishop and several others for

24:06.470 --> 24:11.570
examination, when the principal articles
exhibited against him were his publicly

24:11.570 --> 24:16.370
disapproving of pilgrimages, purgatory,
prayers to saints, for the dead,

24:16.650 --> 24:17.010
etc.

24:18.310 --> 24:23.490
These articles Mr. Hamilton acknowledged
to be true, in consequence of which he was

24:23.490 --> 24:27.450
immediately condemned to be burned,
and that his condemnation might have the

24:27.450 --> 24:31.790
greater authority, they caused it to be
subscribed by all those of any note who

24:31.790 --> 24:36.070
were present, and to make the number as
considerable as possible, even admitted

24:36.070 --> 24:39.010
the subscription of boys who were sons of
the nobility.

24:40.310 --> 24:44.550
So anxious was this bigoted and
persecuting prelate for the destruction of

24:44.550 --> 24:49.010
Mr. Hamilton, that he ordered his sentence
to be put in execution on the afternoon of

24:49.010 --> 24:50.430
the very day it was pronounced.

24:51.450 --> 24:54.650
He was accordingly led to the place
appointed for the horrid tragedy,

24:55.210 --> 24:57.810
and was attended by a prodigious number of
spectators.

24:58.530 --> 25:02.670
The greatest part of the multitude would
not believe it was intended he should be

25:02.670 --> 25:07.050
put to death, but that it was only done to
frighten him, and thereby bring him over

25:07.050 --> 25:09.410
to embrace the principles of the Romish
religion.

25:10.530 --> 25:14.510
When he arrived at the stake he kneeled
down and for some time prayed with great

25:14.510 --> 25:15.130
fervency.

25:16.230 --> 25:19.730
After this he was fastened to the stake
and the faggots placed round him.

25:19.730 --> 25:24.710
A quantity of gunpowder, having been
placed under his arms, was first set on

25:24.710 --> 25:29.190
fire, which scorched his left hand and one
side of his face, but did no material

25:29.190 --> 25:31.970
injury, neither did it communicate with
the faggots.

25:33.050 --> 25:36.430
In consequence of this more powder and
combustible matter were brought,

25:36.830 --> 25:40.450
which being set on fire took effect,
and the faggots being kindled,

25:40.850 --> 25:44.870
he called out with an audible voice,
Lord Jesus, receive my spirit,

25:45.210 --> 25:49.630
how long shall darkness overwhelm this
realm, and how long wilt thou suffer the

25:49.630 --> 25:50.690
tyranny of these men?

25:52.230 --> 25:57.370
The fire, burning slow, put him to great
torment, but he bore it with Christian

25:57.370 --> 25:57.630
magnanimity.

25:59.190 --> 26:03.330
What gave him the greatest pain was the
clamour of some wicked men set on by the

26:03.330 --> 26:07.790
friars, who frequently cried, turn,
thou heretic, call upon our lady,

26:08.090 --> 26:13.750
say, Salve Regina, etc., to whom he
replied, depart from me and trouble me

26:13.750 --> 26:15.150
not, ye messengers of Satan.

26:16.250 --> 26:20.850
One Campbell, a friar who was the
ringleader, still continued to interrupt

26:20.850 --> 26:22.350
him by opprobrious language.

26:22.770 --> 26:25.550
He said to him, wicked man, God forgive
thee.

26:26.610 --> 26:30.310
After which, being prevented from further
speech by the violence of the smoke and

26:30.310 --> 26:34.750
the rapidity of the flames, he resigned up
his soul into the hands of him who gave

26:34.750 --> 26:34.950
it.

26:35.950 --> 26:40.490
This steadfast believer in Christ suffered
martyrdom in the year 1527.

26:43.150 --> 26:48.150
One Henry Forrest, a young, inoffensive
Benedictine, being charged with speaking

26:48.150 --> 26:51.510
respectfully of the above Patrick
Hamilton, was thrown into prison,

26:52.010 --> 26:56.130
and in confessing himself to a friar,
owned that he thought Hamilton a good man,

26:56.450 --> 26:59.570
and that the articles for which he was
sentenced to die might be defended.

27:00.350 --> 27:04.630
This being revealed by the friar,
it was received as evidence, and the poor

27:04.630 --> 27:06.530
Benedictine was sentenced to be burned.

27:08.190 --> 27:11.850
Whilst consultation was held with regard
to the manner of his execution,

27:12.510 --> 27:17.510
John Lindsay, one of the archbishop's
gentlemen, offered his advice to burn

27:17.510 --> 27:22.130
Friar Forrest in some cellar, for,
said he, the smoke of Patrick Hamilton

27:22.130 --> 27:24.150
hath infected all those on whom it blew.

27:25.370 --> 27:28.990
This advice was taken, and the poor victim
was rather suffocated than burned.

27:30.430 --> 27:34.910
The next who fell victims for professing
the truth of the gospel were David

27:34.910 --> 27:36.390
Stratton and Norman Gourlay.

27:37.350 --> 27:41.730
When they arrived at the fatal spot,
they both kneeled down and prayed for some

27:41.730 --> 27:43.070
time with great fervency.

27:43.630 --> 27:47.690
They then arose, when Stratton,
addressing himself to the spectators,

27:48.330 --> 27:52.030
exhorted them to lay aside their
superstitious and idolatrous notions,

27:52.470 --> 27:55.270
and employ their time in seeking the true
light of the gospel.

27:55.270 --> 27:59.270
He would have said more, but was prevented
by the officers who attended.

28:00.650 --> 28:04.670
Their sentence was then put into
execution, and they cheerfully resigned up

28:04.670 --> 28:08.510
their souls to that God who gave them,
hoping, through the merits of the great

28:08.510 --> 28:11.410
Redeemer, for a glorious resurrection to
life immortal.

28:12.230 --> 28:14.210
They suffered in the year 1534.

28:16.610 --> 28:21.270
The martyrdoms of the two before-mentioned
persons were soon followed by that of Mr.

28:21.390 --> 28:25.810
Thomas Forret, who for a considerable time
had been Dean of the Romish Church,

28:26.610 --> 28:31.190
Killer and Beveridge, two blacksmiths,
Duncan Simpson, a priest, and Robert

28:31.190 --> 28:32.370
Forrester, a gentleman.

28:32.970 --> 28:37.190
They were all burnt together on the Castle
Hill at Edinburgh, the last day of

28:37.190 --> 28:38.170
February, 1538.

28:40.850 --> 28:45.350
The year following the martyrdoms of the
before-mentioned persons, 1539,

28:45.950 --> 28:50.530
two others were apprehended on a suspicion
of heresy, namely Jerome Russell and

28:50.530 --> 28:53.770
Alexander Kennedy, a youth about eighteen
years of age.

28:55.450 --> 28:59.790
These two persons, after being sometime
confined in prison, were brought before

28:59.790 --> 29:03.690
the Archbishop for examination,
in the course of which Russell,

29:03.990 --> 29:07.790
being a very sensible man, reasoned
learnedly against his accusers,

29:08.110 --> 29:11.030
while they in return made use of very
appropriate language.

29:12.810 --> 29:17.870
The examination being over, and both of
them deemed heretics, the Archbishop

29:17.870 --> 29:22.010
pronounced the dreadful sentence of death,
and they were immediately delivered over

29:22.010 --> 29:24.270
to the secular power in order for
execution.

29:25.330 --> 29:29.710
The next day they were led to the place
appointed for them to suffer, in their way

29:29.710 --> 29:33.350
to which Russell, seeing his
fellow-sufferer have the appearance of

29:33.350 --> 29:37.790
timidity in his countenance, thus
addressed him, Brother, fear not.

29:38.310 --> 29:41.550
Greater is he that is in us than he that
is in the world.

29:41.830 --> 29:46.350
The pain that we are to suffer is short,
and shall be light, but our joy and

29:46.350 --> 29:48.390
consolation shall never have an end.

29:48.930 --> 29:53.210
Let us therefore strive to enter into our
Master and Saviour's joy, by the same

29:53.210 --> 29:55.530
straight way which He hath taken before
us.

29:56.250 --> 30:00.550
Death cannot hurt us, for it is already
destroyed by Him, for whose sake we are

30:00.550 --> 30:01.410
now going to suffer.

30:03.290 --> 30:07.710
When they arrived at the fatal spot,
they both kneeled down and prayed for some

30:07.710 --> 30:11.370
time, after which, being fastened to the
stake and the faggots lighted,

30:11.370 --> 30:15.090
they cheerfully resigned their souls into
the hands of Him who gave them,

30:15.490 --> 30:18.690
in full hopes of an everlasting reward in
the heavenly mansions.

30:23.120 --> 30:28.020
An account of the life, sufferings and
death of Mr. George Wishart, who was

30:28.020 --> 30:31.780
strangled and afterwards burned in
Scotland for professing the truth of the

30:31.780 --> 30:32.120
Gospel.

30:34.620 --> 30:39.520
About the year of our Lord, 1543,
there was in the University of Cambridge

30:39.520 --> 30:43.980
one Master George Wishart, commonly called
Master George of Bernays College,

30:44.560 --> 30:49.540
a man of tall stature, pole-headed and,
on the same, a round French cap of the

30:49.540 --> 30:49.900
best.

30:50.740 --> 30:54.820
Judged to be of melancholy complexion by
his physiognomy, black-haired,

30:54.960 --> 30:59.320
long-bearded, comely of personage,
well-spoken after his country of Scotland,

30:59.960 --> 31:04.960
courteous, lowly, lovely, glad to teach,
desirous to learn and well-travelled.

31:05.600 --> 31:09.860
Having on him for his clothing a frieze
gown to the shoes, a black million,

31:10.140 --> 31:14.220
fustian doublet and plain black hosen,
coarse new canvas for his shirts,

31:14.520 --> 31:17.100
and white falling bands and cuffs at his
hands.

31:18.500 --> 31:22.660
He was a man modest, temperate,
fearing God, hating covetousness.

31:23.600 --> 31:27.160
For his charity had never end,
night, noon, nor day.

31:27.660 --> 31:32.760
He forbear one meal in three, one day in
four, for the most part, except something

31:32.760 --> 31:33.740
to comfort nature.

31:33.740 --> 31:39.080
He lay hard upon a puff of straw and
coarse new canvas sheets, which when he

31:39.080 --> 31:40.140
changed he gave away.

31:40.900 --> 31:45.220
Yet commonly by his bedside a tub of
water, in the which, his people being in

31:45.220 --> 31:48.680
bed, the candle put out, and all quiet,
he used to bathe himself.

31:49.700 --> 31:51.980
He loved me tenderly, and I him.

31:52.820 --> 31:56.840
He taught with great modesty and gravity,
so that some of his people thought him

31:56.840 --> 32:00.120
severe and would have slain him,
but the Lord was his defence.

32:00.720 --> 32:05.480
And he, after due correction for their
malice, by good exhortation amended them

32:05.480 --> 32:06.280
and went his way.

32:07.540 --> 32:11.440
Oh, that the Lord had left him to me,
his poor boy, that he might have finished

32:11.440 --> 32:15.980
what he had begun, for he went into
Scotland with divers of the nobility that

32:15.980 --> 32:17.560
came for a treaty to King Henry.

32:20.060 --> 32:25.220
In 1543 the Archbishop of St. Andrews made
a visitation into various parts of his

32:25.220 --> 32:29.700
diocese, where several persons were
informed against at Perth for heresy.

32:30.600 --> 32:34.700
Among those the following were condemned
to die, namely William Anderson,

32:34.980 --> 32:40.100
Robert Lamb, James Finlayson, James
Hunter, James Ravelson and Helen Stark.

32:41.560 --> 32:45.440
The accusations laid against these
respective persons were as follows.

32:46.420 --> 32:51.440
The forefirst were accused of having hung
up the image of St. Francis, nailing ram's

32:51.440 --> 32:54.700
horns on his head and fastening a cow's
tail to his rump.

32:54.700 --> 32:58.840
But the principal matter on which they
were condemned was having regaled

32:58.840 --> 33:01.260
themselves with a goose on fast day.

33:02.700 --> 33:05.980
James Ravelson was accused of having
ornamented his house with the

33:05.980 --> 33:10.660
three-crowned diadem of Peter carved in
wood, which the Archbishop conceived to be

33:10.660 --> 33:12.660
done in mockery to his cardinal's cap.

33:13.800 --> 33:17.780
Helen Stark was accused of not having
accustomed herself to pray to the Virgin

33:17.780 --> 33:21.140
Mary, more especially during the time she
was in childbed.

33:22.120 --> 33:26.860
On these respective accusations they were
all found guilty and immediately received

33:26.860 --> 33:27.840
sentence of death.

33:28.440 --> 33:32.580
The four men for eating the goose to be
hanged, James Ravelson to be burnt,

33:33.000 --> 33:36.860
and the woman with her sucking infant to
be put into a sack and drowned.

33:38.360 --> 33:42.440
The four men, with the woman and the
child, suffered at the same time,

33:42.740 --> 33:45.880
but James Ravelson was not executed until
some days after.

33:46.780 --> 33:51.760
The martyrs were carried by a great band
of armed men, for they feared rebellion in

33:51.760 --> 33:55.980
the town except they had their men of war,
to the place of execution, which was

33:55.980 --> 34:00.200
common to all thieves, and that to make
their cause appear more odious to the

34:00.200 --> 34:00.520
people.

34:02.120 --> 34:06.340
Every one comforting another and assuring
themselves that they should sup together

34:06.340 --> 34:10.760
in the kingdom of heaven that night,
they commended themselves to God and died

34:10.760 --> 34:12.260
constantly in the Lord.

34:13.000 --> 34:17.260
The woman desired earnestly to die with
her husband, but she was not suffered.

34:18.060 --> 34:21.260
Yet following him to the place of
execution she gave him comfort,

34:21.800 --> 34:26.460
exhorting him to perseverance and patience
for Christ's sake, and parting from him

34:26.460 --> 34:30.820
with a kiss said, Husband, rejoice,
for we have lived together many joyful

34:30.820 --> 34:31.240
days.

34:31.800 --> 34:36.000
But this day, in which we must die,
ought to be most joyful unto us both,

34:36.080 --> 34:37.660
because we must have joy for ever.

34:37.660 --> 34:42.100
Therefore I will not bid you good night,
for we shall suddenly meet with joy in the

34:42.100 --> 34:42.780
kingdom of heaven.

34:44.680 --> 34:49.700
The woman after that was taken to a place
to be drowned, and albeit she had a child

34:49.700 --> 34:53.920
sucking on her breast, yet this moved
nothing in the unmerciful hearts of the

34:53.920 --> 34:54.240
enemies.

34:55.260 --> 34:59.100
So after she had commended her children to
the neighbours of the town for God's sake,

34:59.380 --> 35:03.740
and the sucking bairn was given to the
nurse, she sealed up the truth by her

35:03.740 --> 35:04.020
death.

35:06.560 --> 35:11.720
Being desirous of propagating the true
gospel in his own country, George Wishart

35:11.720 --> 35:17.560
left Cambridge in 1544, and on his arrival
in Scotland he first preached at Montrose,

35:17.900 --> 35:19.360
and afterwards at Dundee.

35:20.480 --> 35:25.020
In this last place he made a public
exposition of the Epistle to the Romans,

35:25.380 --> 35:29.540
which he went through with such grace and
freedom as greatly alarmed the papists.

35:30.140 --> 35:35.280
In consequence of this, at the instigation
of Cardinal Beaton, the Archbishop of St.

35:35.460 --> 35:40.460
Andrews, one Robert Milne, a principal man
at Dundee, went to the church where

35:40.460 --> 35:44.780
Wishart preached, and in the middle of his
discourse publicly told him not to trouble

35:44.780 --> 35:47.680
the town any more, for he was determined
not to suffer it.

35:48.920 --> 35:53.480
This sudden rebuff greatly surprised
Wishart, who after a short pause,

35:53.580 --> 35:58.420
looking sorrowfully on the speaker and the
audience, said, God is my witness that I

35:58.420 --> 36:00.540
never minded your trouble but your
comfort.

36:01.300 --> 36:05.440
Yea, your trouble is more grievous to me
than it is to yourselves, but I am assured

36:05.440 --> 36:10.440
to refuse God's word, and to chase from
you his messenger shall not preserve you

36:10.440 --> 36:12.180
from trouble, but shall bring you into it.

36:12.780 --> 36:16.340
For God shall send you ministers that
shall fear neither burning nor banishment.

36:17.200 --> 36:19.220
I have offered you the word of salvation.

36:20.140 --> 36:22.400
With the hazard of my life I have remained
among you.

36:22.400 --> 36:27.260
Now you yourselves refuse me, and I must
leave my innocence to be declared by my

36:27.260 --> 36:27.660
God.

36:28.880 --> 36:33.300
If it belong prosperous with you,
I am not led by the spirit of truth.

36:33.880 --> 36:38.520
But if unlooked-for troubles come upon
you, acknowledge the cause and turn to

36:38.520 --> 36:40.580
God, who is gracious and merciful.

36:41.240 --> 36:44.980
But if you turn not at the first warning,
he will visit you with fire and sword.

36:45.960 --> 36:49.280
At the close of this speech he left the
pulpit and retired.

36:50.280 --> 36:54.500
After this he went into the west of
Scotland, where he preached God's word,

36:54.640 --> 36:56.400
which was gladly received by many.

36:58.000 --> 37:02.220
A short time after this, Mr. Wishart
received intelligence that the plague had

37:02.220 --> 37:03.440
broken out in Dundee.

37:04.020 --> 37:09.560
It began four days after he was prohibited
from preaching there, and raged so

37:09.560 --> 37:14.020
extremely that it was almost beyond credit
how many died in the space of twenty-four

37:14.020 --> 37:14.420
hours.

37:15.120 --> 37:19.620
This being related to him, he,
notwithstanding the importunity of his

37:19.620 --> 37:24.500
friends to detain him, determined to go
there, saying, They are now in troubles

37:24.500 --> 37:25.360
and need comfort.

37:25.900 --> 37:30.200
Perhaps this hand of God will make them
now to magnify and reverence the word of

37:30.200 --> 37:32.220
God which before they lightly esteemed.

37:33.520 --> 37:35.960
Here he was with joy received by the
godly.

37:36.600 --> 37:40.840
He chose the east gate for the place of
his preaching, so that the healthy were

37:40.840 --> 37:42.680
within and the sick without the gate.

37:42.680 --> 37:47.480
He took his text from these words,
he sent his word and healed them,

37:47.900 --> 37:48.220
etc.

37:49.000 --> 37:52.900
In this sermon he chiefly dwelt upon the
advantage and comfort of God's word,

37:53.320 --> 37:57.800
the judgments that ensue upon the contempt
or rejection of it, the freedom of God's

37:57.800 --> 38:02.360
grace to all his people, and the happiness
of those of his elect whom he takes to

38:02.360 --> 38:04.420
himself out of this miserable world.

38:05.560 --> 38:10.580
The hearts of his heroes were so raised by
the divine force of this discourse as not

38:10.580 --> 38:14.680
to regard death, but to judge them the
more happy who should then be called,

38:15.160 --> 38:17.900
not knowing whether he should have such
comfort again with them.

38:19.340 --> 38:24.040
After this the plague abated, though in
the midst of it wishers constantly visited

38:24.040 --> 38:28.680
those that lay at the greatest extremity
and comforted them by his exaltations.

38:31.020 --> 38:35.180
When he took his leave of the people of
Dundee, he said that God had almost put an

38:35.180 --> 38:38.520
end to that plague, and that he was now
called to another place.

38:39.280 --> 38:43.420
He went from thence to Montrose,
where he sometimes preached, but he spent

38:43.420 --> 38:45.940
most of his time in private meditation and
prayer.

38:48.380 --> 38:52.880
It is said that before he left Dundee,
and while he was engaged in the labors of

38:52.880 --> 38:56.520
love to the bodies as well as to the souls
of those poor afflicted people,

38:56.520 --> 39:02.300
Cardinal Beaton engaged a desperate Popish
priest called John Wheyton to kill him,

39:02.880 --> 39:05.420
the attempt to execute which was as
follows.

39:06.400 --> 39:10.060
One day, after Wishart had finished his
sermon and the people departed,

39:10.540 --> 39:14.800
a priest stood waiting at the bottom of
the stairs with a naked dagger in his hand

39:14.800 --> 39:15.720
under his gown.

39:16.620 --> 39:21.520
But Mr. Wishart, having a sharp,
piercing eye, and seeing the priest as he

39:21.520 --> 39:25.080
came from the pulpit, said to him,
My friend, what would you have?

39:25.560 --> 39:28.760
And immediately, clapping his hand upon
the dagger, took it from him.

39:29.700 --> 39:33.320
The priest, being terrified, fell to his
knees, confessed his intention,

39:33.440 --> 39:34.340
and craved pardon.

39:35.520 --> 39:39.480
A noise was hereupon raised, and it coming
to the ears of those who were sick,

39:39.580 --> 39:43.920
they cried, Deliver the traitor to us,
we will take him by force, and they burst

39:43.920 --> 39:44.640
in at the gate.

39:45.160 --> 39:50.080
But Wishart, taking the priest in his
arms, said, Whatsoever hurts him shall

39:50.080 --> 39:54.660
hurt me, for he hath done me no mischief,
but much good, by teaching more

39:54.660 --> 39:56.300
heedfulness for the time to come.

39:57.480 --> 40:01.460
By this conduct he appeased the people and
saved the life of the wicked priest.

40:03.400 --> 40:08.320
Soon after his return to Montrose,
the Cardinal again conspired his death,

40:08.320 --> 40:11.940
causing a letter to be sent him as if it
had been from his familiar friend,

40:12.060 --> 40:16.360
the Laird of Kenya, in which it was
desired with all possible speed to come to

40:16.360 --> 40:18.420
him, as he was taken with a sudden
sickness.

40:19.560 --> 40:24.740
In the meantime, the Cardinal had provided
sixty men armed to lie in wait within a

40:24.740 --> 40:28.720
mile and a half of Montrose, in order to
murder him as he passed that way.

40:30.360 --> 40:34.800
The letter came to Wishart's hand by a
boy, who also brought him a horse for the

40:34.800 --> 40:35.100
journey.

40:36.680 --> 40:42.280
Wishart, accompanied by some honest men,
his friends, set forward, but something

40:42.280 --> 40:46.780
particular striking his mind by the way he
returned, which they, wondering at,

40:46.900 --> 40:50.160
asked him the cause, to whom he said,
I will not go.

40:50.660 --> 40:51.760
I am forbidden of God.

40:52.220 --> 40:53.640
I am assured there is treason.

40:54.420 --> 40:57.140
Let some of you go to yonder place and
tell me what you find.

40:58.260 --> 41:02.060
Which doing they made the discovery,
and hastily returning they told Mr.

41:02.140 --> 41:07.400
Wishart, whereupon he said, I know I shall
end my life by that bloodthirsty man's

41:07.400 --> 41:09.580
hands, but it will not be in this manner.

41:11.660 --> 41:16.280
A short time after this he left Montrose
and proceeded to Edinburgh, in order to

41:16.280 --> 41:18.040
propagate the gospel in that city.

41:19.180 --> 41:24.540
By the way, he lodged with a faithful
brother called James Watson of Inaguri.

41:25.200 --> 41:29.100
In the middle of the night he got up and
went into the yard, which two men,

41:29.240 --> 41:31.000
hearing, they privately followed him.

41:31.620 --> 41:35.260
While in the yard he fell on his knees and
prayed for some time with the greatest

41:35.260 --> 41:38.640
fervency, after which he arose and
returned to his bed.

41:39.680 --> 41:43.020
Those who attended him, appearing as
though they were ignorant of all,

41:43.420 --> 41:46.360
came and asked him where he had been,
but he would not answer them.

41:47.280 --> 41:51.060
The next day they importuned him to tell
them, saying, Be plain with us,

41:51.100 --> 41:53.560
for we heard your mourning and saw your
gestures.

41:53.560 --> 42:00.300
On this, he, with a dejected countenance,
said, I had rather you had been in your

42:00.300 --> 42:00.680
beds.

42:01.560 --> 42:05.400
But they still pressing upon him to know
something, he said, I will tell you.

42:06.040 --> 42:10.580
I am assured that my warfare is near at an
end, and therefore pray to God with me

42:10.580 --> 42:13.420
that I shrink not when the battle waxeth
most hot.

42:15.640 --> 42:21.000
Soon after, Cardinal Beaton, Archbishop of
St. Andrews, being informed that Mr.

42:21.080 --> 42:26.100
Wishart was at the house of Mr. Coburn of
Ormiston, in East Lothian, applied to the

42:26.100 --> 42:30.280
Regent to cause him to be apprehended,
with which, after great persuasion and

42:30.280 --> 42:32.320
much against his will, he complied.

42:34.000 --> 42:37.800
In consequence of this, the Cardinal
immediately proceeded to the trial of

42:37.800 --> 42:41.520
Wishart, against whom no less than
eighteen articles were exhibited.

42:42.280 --> 42:46.260
Mr. Wishart answered the respective
articles with great composure of mind,

42:46.780 --> 42:50.780
and in so learned and clear a manner as
greatly surprised most of those who were

42:50.780 --> 42:51.140
present.

42:52.560 --> 42:55.980
After the examination was finished,
the Archbishop endeavoured to prevail on

42:55.980 --> 43:00.160
Mr. Wishart to recount, but he was too
firmly fixed in his religious principles

43:00.160 --> 43:03.840
and too much enlightened with the truth of
the Gospel to be in the least moved.

43:05.440 --> 43:09.840
On the morning of his execution,
there came to him two friars from the

43:09.840 --> 43:14.120
Cardinal, one of whom put on him a black
linen coat, and the other brought several

43:14.120 --> 43:17.600
bags of gunpowder, which they tied about
different parts of his body.

43:18.500 --> 43:22.620
As soon as he arrived at the stake,
the executioner put a rope round his neck

43:22.620 --> 43:27.320
and a chain about his middle, upon which
he fell on his knees and thus exclaimed,

43:27.320 --> 43:32.720
O thou Saviour of the world, have mercy
upon me, Father of Heaven, I commend my

43:32.720 --> 43:34.520
spirit into thy holy hands.

43:35.900 --> 43:40.420
After this he prayed for his accusers,
saying, I beseech thee, Father of Heaven,

43:40.540 --> 43:44.800
forgive them that have from ignorance or
an evil mind forged lies of me.

43:45.200 --> 43:46.900
I forgive them with all my heart.

43:47.260 --> 43:50.660
I beseech Christ to forgive them that have
ignorantly condemned me.

43:51.880 --> 43:55.380
He was then fastened to the stake,
and the faggots, being lighted

43:55.380 --> 43:59.620
immediately, set fire to the powder that
was tied about him, which blew into a

43:59.620 --> 44:00.460
flame and smoke.

44:02.220 --> 44:06.360
The governor of the castle, who stood so
near that he was singed with the flame,

44:06.860 --> 44:11.520
exhorted the martyr in a few words to be
of good cheer and to ask the pardon of God

44:11.520 --> 44:16.900
for his offences, to which he replied,
This flame occasions trouble to my body

44:16.900 --> 44:19.940
indeed, but it hath in no wise broken my
spirit.

44:21.000 --> 44:26.020
But he who now so proudly looks down upon
me from yonder lofty place, pointing to

44:26.020 --> 44:30.200
the cardinal, shall ere long be
ignominiously thrown down as now he

44:30.200 --> 44:34.800
proudly lolls at his ease, which
prediction was soon after fulfilled.

44:36.660 --> 44:41.500
The hangman that was his tormentor sat
down upon his knees and said, Sir,

44:41.600 --> 44:45.780
I pray you to forgive me, for I am not
guilty of your death, to whom he answered,

44:46.040 --> 44:47.160
Come hither to me.

44:48.160 --> 44:52.300
When that he was come to him, he kissed
his cheek and said, Lo, here is a token

44:52.300 --> 44:53.180
that I forgive thee.

44:53.620 --> 44:55.380
My heart, do thine office.

44:56.000 --> 44:59.640
And then he was put upon the gibbet and
hanged, and burned to powder.

45:00.800 --> 45:04.280
When that the people beheld the great
tormenting, they might not withhold from

45:04.280 --> 45:07.900
piteous mourning and complaining of this
innocent lamb's slaughter.

45:10.480 --> 45:15.380
It was not long after the martyrdom of
this blessed man of God, Master George

45:15.380 --> 45:20.080
Wishart, who was put to death by David
Beaton, the bloody Archbishop and Cardinal

45:20.080 --> 45:21.940
of Scotland, in A.D.

45:22.620 --> 45:24.620
1546, the first day of March.

45:25.380 --> 45:28.580
But that the said David Beaton,
by the just revenge of God's mighty

45:28.580 --> 45:34.000
judgment, was slain within his own castle
of St. Andrews, by the hands of one Leslie

45:34.000 --> 45:38.420
and other gentlemen, who by the Lord
stirred up, break in suddenly upon him,

45:38.420 --> 45:42.940
and in his bed murdered him the said year,
the last day of May, crying out,

45:43.360 --> 45:45.620
Alas, alas, slay me not, I am a priest.

45:46.260 --> 45:50.860
And so, like a butcher he lived,
and like a butcher he died, and lay seven

45:50.860 --> 45:55.940
months and more unburied, and at last,
like a carrion, was buried in a dunghill.

45:58.670 --> 46:02.950
The last who suffered martyrdom in
Scotland for the cause of Christ was one

46:02.950 --> 46:05.990
Walter Mill, who was burnt at Edinburgh in
the year 1558.

46:07.930 --> 46:12.150
This person, in his younger years,
had travelled in Germany, and on his

46:12.150 --> 46:16.750
return was installed a priest of the
Church of Lunen in Angus, but on an

46:16.750 --> 46:21.210
information of heresy, in the time of
Cardinal Beaton, he was forced to abandon

46:21.210 --> 46:25.470
his charge and abscond, but he was soon
apprehended and committed to prison.

46:26.750 --> 46:31.250
Being interrogated by Sir Andrew Oliphant
whether he would recant his opinions,

46:31.750 --> 46:36.030
he answered in the negative, saying that
he would sooner forfeit ten thousand lives

46:36.030 --> 46:40.090
than relinquish a particle of those
heavenly principles he had received from

46:40.090 --> 46:41.810
the sufferings of his blessed Redeemer.

46:43.850 --> 46:48.030
In consequence of this, sentence of
condemnation was immediately passed on

46:48.030 --> 46:52.050
him, and he was conducted to prison in
order for execution the following day.

46:54.250 --> 46:59.330
This steadfast believer in Christ was
eighty-two years of age and exceedingly

46:59.330 --> 47:03.050
infirm, whence it was supposed that he
could scarcely be heard.

47:03.930 --> 47:07.890
However, when he was taken to the place of
execution, he expressed his religious

47:07.890 --> 47:13.050
sentiments with such courage and at the
same time composure of mind as astonished

47:13.050 --> 47:13.850
even his enemies.

47:14.810 --> 47:18.910
As soon as he was fastened to the stake
and the faggots lighted, he addressed the

47:18.910 --> 47:20.130
spectators as follows.

47:21.250 --> 47:26.250
The cause why I suffer this day is not for
any crime, though I acknowledge myself a

47:26.250 --> 47:31.090
miserable sinner, but only for the defense
of the truth as it is in Jesus Christ.

47:31.610 --> 47:35.910
And I praise God who hath called me by His
mercy to seal the truth with my life,

47:36.590 --> 47:40.850
which as I received it from Him,
so I willingly and joyfully offer it up to

47:40.850 --> 47:41.370
His glory.

47:42.110 --> 47:46.650
Therefore, as you would escape eternal
death, be no longer seduced by the lies of

47:46.650 --> 47:52.330
the seat of Antichrist, but depend solely
on Jesus Christ and His mercy that you may

47:52.330 --> 47:53.450
be delivered from condemnation.

47:55.170 --> 47:58.610
And then added that he trusted he should
be the last who would suffer death in

47:58.610 --> 48:00.330
Scotland upon a religious account.

48:01.610 --> 48:06.070
Thus did this pious Christian cheerfully
give up his life in defense of the truth

48:06.070 --> 48:10.950
of Christ's gospel, not doubting that he
should be made partaker of His heavenly

48:10.950 --> 48:11.410
kingdom.

48:16.000 --> 48:24.420
CHAPTER XVI PERSECUTIONS IN ENGLAND DURING
THE REIGN OF QUEEN MARY The premature

48:24.420 --> 48:28.920
death of that celebrated young monarch,
Edward VI, occasioned the most

48:28.920 --> 48:33.040
extraordinary and wonderful occurrences
which had ever existed from the times of

48:33.040 --> 48:36.300
our blessed Lord and Saviour's incarnation
in human shape.

48:37.880 --> 48:42.040
This melancholy event became speedily a
subject of general regret.

48:42.760 --> 48:45.940
The succession to the British throne was
soon made a matter of contention,

48:46.460 --> 48:50.720
and the scenes which ensued were a
demonstration of the serious affliction in

48:50.720 --> 48:52.100
which the kingdom was involved.

48:53.180 --> 48:57.640
As his loss to the nation was more and
more unfolded, the remembrance of his

48:57.640 --> 49:00.740
government was more and more the basis of
grateful recollection.

49:01.600 --> 49:05.600
The very awful prospect which was soon
presented to the friends of Edward's

49:05.600 --> 49:09.980
administration under the direction of his
counsellors and servants was a

49:09.980 --> 49:13.980
contemplation which the reflecting mind
was compelled to regard with most alarming

49:13.980 --> 49:14.820
apprehensions.

49:15.680 --> 49:19.320
The rapid approaches which were made
towards a total reversion of the

49:19.320 --> 49:23.460
proceedings of the young king's reign
denoted the advances which were thereby

49:23.460 --> 49:28.360
represented to an entire resolution in the
management of public affairs both in

49:28.360 --> 49:29.440
church and state.

49:31.180 --> 49:34.820
Alarmed for the condition in which the
kingdom was likely to be involved by the

49:34.820 --> 49:39.800
king's death, an endeavour to prevent the
consequences which were but too plainly

49:39.800 --> 49:43.700
foreseen was productive of the most
serious and fatal effects.

49:44.320 --> 49:49.020
The king, in his long and lingering
affliction, was induced to make a will by

49:49.020 --> 49:53.240
which he bequeathed the English crown to
Lady Jane, the daughter of the Duke of

49:53.240 --> 49:56.440
Suffolk, who had been married to Lord
Guildford, the son of the Duke of

49:56.440 --> 50:00.880
Northumberland, and was the granddaughter
of the second sister of King Henry by

50:00.880 --> 50:02.500
Charles, Duke of Suffolk.

50:03.180 --> 50:08.260
By this will, the succession of Mary and
Elizabeth, his two sisters, was entirely

50:08.260 --> 50:13.240
superseded from an apprehension of the
returning system of popery, and the King's

50:13.240 --> 50:17.080
Council, with the Chief of the Nobility,
the Lord Mayor of the City of London,

50:17.240 --> 50:20.540
and almost all the judges and the
principal lawyers of the realm,

50:21.060 --> 50:24.740
subscribed their names to this regulation
as a sanction to the measure.

50:25.720 --> 50:30.120
Lord Chief Justice Hale, though a true
Protestant and an upright judge,

50:30.560 --> 50:35.080
alone declined to unite his name in favour
of the Lady Jane, because he had already

50:35.080 --> 50:38.680
signified his opinion that Mary was
entitled to assume the reins of

50:38.680 --> 50:39.040
government.

50:40.600 --> 50:45.040
Others objected to Mary's being placed on
the throne, on account of their fears that

50:45.040 --> 50:49.320
she might marry a foreigner, and thereby
bring the crown into considerable danger.

50:50.200 --> 50:54.820
Her partiality to popery also left little
doubt on the minds of any that she would

50:54.820 --> 50:59.540
be induced to revive the dormant interests
of the Pope, and change the religion which

50:59.540 --> 51:03.600
had been used both in the days of her
father, King Henry, and in those of her

51:03.600 --> 51:04.200
brother, Edward.

51:04.200 --> 51:08.900
For in all his time, she had manifested
the greatest stubbornness and

51:08.900 --> 51:12.900
inflexibility of temper, as must be
obvious from her letter to the Lords of

51:12.900 --> 51:17.560
the Council, whereby she put in her claim
to the crown on her brother's decease.

51:19.040 --> 51:23.200
When this happened, the nobles,
who had associated to prevent Mary's

51:23.200 --> 51:27.140
succession, and had been instrumental in
promoting, and perhaps advising,

51:27.300 --> 51:32.260
the measures of Edward, speedily proceeded
to proclaim Lady Jane Grey to be Queen of

51:32.260 --> 51:36.480
England, in the City of London and various
other populous cities of the realm.

51:37.380 --> 51:41.420
Though young, she possessed talents of a
very superior nature, and her

51:41.420 --> 51:45.400
improvements, under a most excellent
tutor, had given her many very great

51:45.400 --> 51:45.920
advantages.

51:47.400 --> 51:53.080
Her reign was of only five days'
continuance, for Mary, having succeeded by

51:53.080 --> 51:58.020
false promises in obtaining the crown,
speedily commenced the execution of her

51:58.020 --> 52:02.120
avowed intention of extirpating and
burning every Protestant.

52:03.040 --> 52:07.160
She was crowned at Westminster in the
usual form, and her elevation was the

52:07.160 --> 52:10.240
signal for the commencement of the bloody
persecution which followed.

52:12.020 --> 52:16.440
Having obtained the sword of authority,
she was not sparing in its exercise.

52:17.140 --> 52:20.160
The supporters of Lady Jane Grey were
destined to feel its force.

52:20.900 --> 52:24.480
The Duke of Northumberland was the first
to experience her savage resentment.

52:25.360 --> 52:29.600
Within a month after his confinement in
the Tower, he was condemned and brought to

52:29.600 --> 52:31.340
the scaffold to suffer as a traitor.

52:31.340 --> 52:36.780
From his varied crimes, resulting out of a
sordid and inordinate ambition,

52:37.360 --> 52:39.600
he died unpitied and unlamented.

52:40.580 --> 52:45.780
The changes, which followed with rapidity,
unequivocally declared that the Queen was

52:45.780 --> 52:48.300
disaffected to the present state of
religion.

52:49.160 --> 52:53.500
Dr. Poynett was displaced to make room for
Gardiner to be Bishop of Winchester,

52:54.020 --> 52:56.760
to whom she also gave the important office
of Lord Chancellor.

52:57.280 --> 53:01.180
Dr. Ridley was dismissed from the Sea of
London and Bonn introduced.

53:01.860 --> 53:02.020
J.

53:02.200 --> 53:06.060
Storey was put out of the bishopric of
Chichester to admit Dr. J.

53:07.020 --> 53:07.300
J.

53:07.440 --> 53:11.660
Hooper was sent prisoner to the fleet and
Dr. Heath put into the Sea of Worcester.

53:12.400 --> 53:17.140
Miles Coverdale was also excluded from
Exeter and Dr. Vesey placed in that

53:17.140 --> 53:18.100
diocese.

53:18.160 --> 53:20.920
Dr. Tonstall was also promoted to the Sea
of Durham.

53:21.960 --> 53:26.880
These things being marked and perceived,
great heaviness and discomfort grew more

53:26.880 --> 53:30.700
and more to all good men's hearts,
but to the wicked, great rejoicing.

53:30.700 --> 53:35.780
They that could dissemble took no great
care how the matter went, but such whose

53:35.780 --> 53:40.300
consciences were joined with the truth
perceived already coals to be kindled,

53:40.480 --> 53:43.340
which after should be the destruction of
many a true Christian.

53:45.460 --> 53:48.580
The words and behaviour of the Lady Jane
upon the scaffold.

53:48.580 --> 53:55.120
The next victim was the amiable Lady Jane
Grey, who by her acceptance of the crown

53:55.120 --> 53:59.000
at the earnest solicitations of her
friends, included the implacable

53:59.000 --> 54:00.500
resentment of the bloody Mary.

54:01.460 --> 54:04.900
When she first mounted the scaffold,
she spoke to the spectators in this

54:04.900 --> 54:05.220
manner.

54:06.040 --> 54:11.160
Good people, I am come hither to die,
and by a law I am condemned to the same.

54:11.160 --> 54:16.720
The fact against the Queen's Highness was
unlawful, and the consenting thereunto by

54:16.720 --> 54:17.040
me.

54:17.760 --> 54:21.840
But touching the procurement and desire
thereof by me or on my behalf,

54:22.320 --> 54:26.840
I do wash my hands thereof in innocency
before God and the face of you good

54:26.840 --> 54:28.180
Christian people this day.

54:29.000 --> 54:31.840
And therewith she wrung her hands wherein
she had her book.

54:32.420 --> 54:37.580
Then said she, I pray you all good
Christian people to bear me witness that I

54:37.580 --> 54:41.820
die a good Christian woman, and that I do
look to be saved by no other means but

54:41.820 --> 54:45.760
only by the mercy of God in the blood of
his only son Jesus Christ.

54:46.420 --> 54:49.880
And I confess that when I did know the
word of God I neglected the same,

54:50.320 --> 54:54.840
love myself and the world, and therefore
this plague and punishment is happily and

54:54.840 --> 54:56.760
worthily happened unto me for my sins.

54:57.320 --> 55:01.380
And yet I thank God that of his goodness
he hath thus given me a time and a respite

55:01.380 --> 55:01.900
to repent.

55:02.740 --> 55:06.660
And now, good people, while I am alive I
pray you assist me with your prayers.

55:07.560 --> 55:11.800
And then kneeling down she turned to
Feckinham, saying, Shall I say this psalm?

55:11.920 --> 55:12.820
And he said, Yea.

55:13.800 --> 55:18.940
Then she said the psalm of Miserere mei
Deus, in English, in a most devout manner

55:18.940 --> 55:19.940
throughout to the end.

55:20.480 --> 55:24.420
And then she stood up and gave her maid,
Mrs. Ellen, her gloves and handkerchief,

55:24.800 --> 55:29.200
and her book to Mr. Bruges, and then she
untied her gown, and the executioner

55:29.200 --> 55:30.960
pressed upon her to help her off with it.

55:31.780 --> 55:35.940
But she, desiring him to let her alone,
turned towards her two gentlewomen,

55:36.120 --> 55:40.520
who helped her off therewith, and also
with her froze, puffed, and neckerchief,

55:40.960 --> 55:43.520
giving to her a fair handkerchief to put
about her eyes.

55:44.500 --> 55:48.360
Then the executioner kneeled down and
asked her forgiveness, whom she forgave

55:48.360 --> 55:48.960
most willingly.

55:49.720 --> 55:53.760
Then he desired her to stand upon the
straw, which doing she saw the block.

55:54.460 --> 55:56.940
Then she said, I pray you dispatch me
quickly.

55:57.640 --> 56:01.260
Then she kneeled down, saying,
Will you take it off before I lay me down?

56:01.800 --> 56:03.760
And the executioner said, No, madam.

56:04.520 --> 56:07.980
Then she tied a handkerchief about her
eyes, and feeling for the block,

56:08.080 --> 56:09.580
she said, What shall I do?

56:09.620 --> 56:10.240
Where is it?

56:10.380 --> 56:11.000
Where is it?

56:11.880 --> 56:15.640
One of the standers by, guiding her
thereunto, she laid her head upon the

56:15.640 --> 56:20.700
block, and then stretched forth her body,
and said, Lord, into thy hands I commend

56:20.700 --> 56:21.320
my spirit.

56:22.200 --> 56:26.840
And so finished her life, in the year of
our Lord, 1554, the twelfth day of

56:26.840 --> 56:29.720
February, about the seventeenth year of
her age.

56:31.560 --> 56:36.380
Thus died Lady Jane, and on the same day
Lord Guildford, her husband, one of the

56:36.380 --> 56:40.680
Duke of Northumberland's sons,
was likewise beheaded, to innocence in

56:40.680 --> 56:44.500
comparison with them that sat upon them,
for they were both very young and

56:44.500 --> 56:49.580
ignorantly accepted that which others had
contrived, and by open proclamation

56:49.580 --> 56:52.680
consented to take from others and give to
them.

56:54.880 --> 56:59.460
Touching the condemnation of this pious
lady, it is to be noted that Judge Morgan,

56:59.720 --> 57:03.240
who gave sentence against her,
soon after he had condemned her,

57:03.300 --> 57:07.900
fell mad, and in his raving cried out
continually to have the Lady Jane taken

57:07.900 --> 57:10.500
away from him, and so he ended his life.

57:12.200 --> 57:16.680
On the twenty-first day of the same month,
Henry, Duke of Suffolk, was beheaded on

57:16.680 --> 57:21.380
Tower Hill, the fourth day after his
condemnation, about which time many

57:21.380 --> 57:25.760
gentlemen and yeomen were condemned,
whereof some were executed at London and

57:25.760 --> 57:30.720
some in the country, in the number of whom
was Lord Thomas Grey, brother to the said

57:30.720 --> 57:35.320
Duke, being apprehended not long after in
North Wales and executed for the same,

57:35.980 --> 57:39.320
Sir Nicholas Throgmorton also very
narrowly escaped.

57:43.160 --> 57:49.840
John Rogers, Vicar of St. Sepulchre's and
Reader of St. Paul's, London John Rogers

57:49.840 --> 57:53.940
was educated at Cambridge, and was
afterward many years chaplain to the

57:53.940 --> 57:56.500
merchant adventurers at Antwerp in
Brabant.

57:57.360 --> 58:01.020
Here he met with the celebrated martyr
William Tyndale and Miles Coverdale,

58:01.580 --> 58:06.540
both voluntary exiles from their country,
for their aversion to popish superstition

58:06.540 --> 58:07.380
and idolatry.

58:07.380 --> 58:11.800
They were the instruments of his
conversion, and he united with them in

58:11.800 --> 58:16.040
that translation of the Bible into
English, entitled The Translation of

58:16.040 --> 58:16.820
Thomas Matthew.

58:18.060 --> 58:22.780
From the scriptures he knew that unlawful
vows may be lawfully broken, hence he

58:22.780 --> 58:26.360
married and removed to Wittenberg in
Saxony for the improvement of learning,

58:26.740 --> 58:31.040
and he there learned the Dutch language
and received the charge of a congregation,

58:31.560 --> 58:33.780
which he faithfully executed for many
years.

58:34.420 --> 58:39.160
On King Edward's accession he left Saxony
to promote the work of reformation in

58:39.160 --> 58:43.640
England, and after some time Nicholas
Ridley, then Bishop of London,

58:44.020 --> 58:47.680
gave him a prebend in St. Paul's
Cathedral, and the Dean and Chapter

58:47.680 --> 58:50.140
appointed him Reader of the Divinity
Lesson there.

58:51.680 --> 58:56.700
He continued until Queen Mary's succession
to the throne, when the gospel and true

58:56.700 --> 59:00.560
religion were banished, and the Antichrist
of Rome, with his superstition and

59:00.560 --> 59:01.720
idolatry, introduced.

59:02.820 --> 59:07.800
The circumstance of Mr. Rogers having
preached at Paul's cross, after Queen Mary

59:07.800 --> 59:10.520
arrived at the tower, has been already
stated.

59:11.300 --> 59:15.100
He confirmed in his sermon the true
doctrine taught in King Edward's time,

59:15.480 --> 59:19.720
and exhorted the people to beware of the
pestilence of potpourri, idolatry and

59:19.720 --> 59:20.380
superstition.

59:21.220 --> 59:25.520
For this he was called to account,
but so ably defended himself that for that

59:25.520 --> 59:26.700
time he was dismissed.

59:28.240 --> 59:31.820
The proclamation of the Queen,
however, to prohibit true preaching,

59:32.300 --> 59:34.280
gave his enemies a new handle against him.

59:34.820 --> 59:38.580
Hence he was again summoned before the
council and commanded to keep his house.

59:39.320 --> 59:43.080
He did so, though he might have escaped,
and though he perceived the state of the

59:43.080 --> 59:44.340
true religion to be desperate.

59:45.440 --> 59:49.380
He knew he could not want a living in
Germany, and he could not forget a wife

59:49.380 --> 59:51.960
and ten children, and to seek means to
succour them.

59:51.960 --> 59:57.220
But all these things were insufficient to
induce him to depart, and when once called

59:57.220 --> 01:00:01.600
to answer in Christ's cause, he stoutly
defended it, and hazarded his life for

01:00:01.600 --> 01:00:02.160
that purpose.

01:00:03.720 --> 01:00:07.980
After long imprisonment in his own house,
the restless Bonner, Bishop of London,

01:00:08.120 --> 01:00:12.120
caused him to be committed to Newgate,
there to be lodged among thieves and

01:00:12.120 --> 01:00:12.640
murderers.

01:00:14.280 --> 01:00:18.120
After Mr. Rogers had been long and
straightly imprisoned, and lodged in

01:00:18.120 --> 01:00:23.440
Newgate among thieves, often examined and
very uncharitably entreated, and at length

01:00:23.440 --> 01:00:28.320
unjustly and most cruelly condemned by
Stephen Gardner, Bishop of Winchester,

01:00:28.720 --> 01:00:34.400
the fourth day of February in the year of
our Lord, 1555, being Monday in the

01:00:34.400 --> 01:00:38.140
morning, he was suddenly warned by the
keeper of Newgate's wife to prepare

01:00:38.140 --> 01:00:42.740
himself for the fire, who, being then
sound asleep, could scarce be awaked.

01:00:43.700 --> 01:00:49.680
At length, being raised and awaked and bid
to make haste, then said he, If it be so,

01:00:49.700 --> 01:00:51.160
I need not tie my points.

01:00:52.260 --> 01:00:56.280
And so was had down, first to Bishop
Bonner, to be degraded, which being done,

01:00:56.340 --> 01:01:00.340
he craved of Bonner but one petition,
and Bonner asked what that should be.

01:01:00.900 --> 01:01:04.400
Mr. Rogers replied that he might speak a
few words with his wife before his

01:01:04.400 --> 01:01:06.860
burning, but that could not be obtained of
him.

01:01:08.480 --> 01:01:11.740
When the time came that he should be
brought out of Newgate to Smithfield,

01:01:11.840 --> 01:01:16.580
the place of his execution, Mr. Woodruff,
one of the sheriffs, first came to Mr.

01:01:16.700 --> 01:01:21.080
Rogers and asked him if he would revoke
his abominable doctrine and the evil

01:01:21.080 --> 01:01:22.860
opinion of the sacrament of the altar.

01:01:23.560 --> 01:01:27.660
Mr. Rogers answered, That which I have
preached I will seal with my blood.

01:01:28.520 --> 01:01:30.940
Then Mr. Woodruff said, Thou art an
heretic.

01:01:31.600 --> 01:01:34.520
That shall be known, quoth Mr. Rogers,
at the day of judgment.

01:01:35.380 --> 01:01:38.040
Well, said Mr. Woodruff, I will never pray
for thee.

01:01:38.560 --> 01:01:40.640
But I will pray for you, said Mr. Rogers.

01:01:40.640 --> 01:01:44.740
And so was brought the same day,
the 4th of February, by the sheriffs

01:01:44.740 --> 01:01:49.680
towards Smithfield, saying the psalm
miserere by the way, all the people

01:01:49.680 --> 01:01:54.780
wonderfully rejoicing at his constancy,
with great praises and thanks to God for

01:01:54.780 --> 01:01:55.180
the same.

01:01:56.380 --> 01:01:59.540
And there, in the presence of Mr.
Rochester, controller of the Queen's

01:01:59.540 --> 01:02:03.440
household, Sir Richard Southwell,
both the sheriffs and a great number of

01:02:03.440 --> 01:02:07.980
people, he was burned to ashes,
washing his hands in the flame as he was

01:02:07.980 --> 01:02:08.320
burning.

01:02:09.280 --> 01:02:13.460
A little before his burning, his pardon
was brought, if he would have recounted,

01:02:13.520 --> 01:02:14.860
but he utterly refused it.

01:02:16.020 --> 01:02:20.000
He was the first martyr of all the blessed
company that suffered in Queen's Mary

01:02:20.000 --> 01:02:23.380
time, that gave the first adventure upon
the fire.

01:02:24.700 --> 01:02:29.340
His wife and children, being eleven in
number, ten able to go and one sucking at

01:02:29.340 --> 01:02:32.800
her breast, met him by the way as he went
towards Smithfield.

01:02:32.800 --> 01:02:37.760
This sorrowful sight of his own flesh and
blood could nothing move him, but that he

01:02:37.760 --> 01:02:42.020
constantly and cheerfully took his death
with wonderful patience, in the defence

01:02:42.020 --> 01:02:43.800
and quarrel of the gospel of Christ.

01:02:47.630 --> 01:02:55.970
Mr. Saunders, after passing some time in
the School of Eton, was chosen to go to

01:02:55.970 --> 01:03:00.470
King's College in Cambridge, where he
continued three years, and profited in

01:03:00.470 --> 01:03:02.610
knowledge and learning very much for that
time.

01:03:03.650 --> 01:03:08.090
Shortly after, he quitted the university
and went to his parents, but soon returned

01:03:08.090 --> 01:03:11.690
to Cambridge again to his study,
where he began to add to the knowledge of

01:03:11.690 --> 01:03:16.030
the Latin, the study of the Greek and
Hebrew tongues, and gave himself up to the

01:03:16.030 --> 01:03:20.010
study of the Holy Scriptures, the better
to qualify himself for the office of

01:03:20.010 --> 01:03:20.310
preacher.

01:03:21.990 --> 01:03:26.510
In the beginning of King Edward's reign,
when God's true religion was introduced,

01:03:26.810 --> 01:03:31.830
after licence obtained, he began to
preach, and was so well liked of them who

01:03:31.830 --> 01:03:35.610
then had authority, that they appointed
him to read a divinity lecture in the

01:03:35.610 --> 01:03:36.690
College of Fotheringham.

01:03:37.310 --> 01:03:41.190
The College of Fotheringham being
dissolved, he was placed to be a reader in

01:03:41.190 --> 01:03:42.290
the Minster at Lichfield.

01:03:43.230 --> 01:03:47.150
After a certain space, he departed from
Lichfield to a benefice in Leicestershire,

01:03:47.450 --> 01:03:52.030
called Church Langton, where he held a
residence, taught diligently and kept a

01:03:52.030 --> 01:03:52.790
liberal house.

01:03:54.290 --> 01:03:57.590
Thence he was orderly called to take a
benefice in the City of London,

01:03:57.590 --> 01:04:00.030
namely All Hallows in Bred Street.

01:04:01.070 --> 01:04:04.930
After this he preached at Northampton,
nothing meddling with the state,

01:04:05.050 --> 01:04:09.510
but boldly uttering his conscience against
the Popish doctrines which were likely to

01:04:09.510 --> 01:04:13.650
spring up again in England, as a just
plague for the little love which the

01:04:13.650 --> 01:04:18.350
English nation then bore to the blessed
word of God, which had been so plentifully

01:04:18.350 --> 01:04:19.210
offered unto them.

01:04:20.390 --> 01:04:24.330
The Queen's party, who were there and
heard him, were highly displeased with him

01:04:24.330 --> 01:04:28.110
for his sermon, and for it, kept him among
them as a prisoner.

01:04:28.870 --> 01:04:32.730
But partly for love of his brethren and
friends, who were chief actors for the

01:04:32.730 --> 01:04:36.590
Queen among them, and partly because there
was no law broken by his preaching,

01:04:36.910 --> 01:04:37.710
they dismissed him.

01:04:39.090 --> 01:04:43.230
Some of his friends, perceiving such
fearful menacing, counselled him to fly

01:04:43.230 --> 01:04:45.570
out of the realm, which he refused to do.

01:04:46.150 --> 01:04:50.510
But seeing he was with violence kept from
doing good in that place, he returned

01:04:50.510 --> 01:04:52.250
towards London to visit his flock.

01:04:53.290 --> 01:04:59.390
In the afternoon of Sunday, October 15,
1554, as he was reading in his church to

01:04:59.390 --> 01:05:04.070
exhort his people, the Bishop of London
interrupted him by setting an officer for

01:05:04.070 --> 01:05:04.290
him.

01:05:05.750 --> 01:05:10.870
His treason and sedition the Bishop's
charity was content to let slip until

01:05:10.870 --> 01:05:16.050
another time, but a heretic he meant to
prove him and all those, he said,

01:05:16.490 --> 01:05:19.870
who taught and believed that the
administration of the sacraments and all

01:05:19.870 --> 01:05:24.390
orders of the church are the most pure,
which come the nearest to the order of the

01:05:24.390 --> 01:05:25.230
primitive church.

01:05:26.870 --> 01:05:31.310
After much talk concerning this matter,
the Bishop desired him to write what he

01:05:31.310 --> 01:05:33.110
believed of transubstantiation.

01:05:34.290 --> 01:05:38.570
Lawrence Saunders did so, saying,
My Lord, you seek my blood, and you shall

01:05:38.570 --> 01:05:38.970
have it.

01:05:39.570 --> 01:05:43.790
I pray God that you may be so baptised in
it that you may ever after loathe

01:05:43.790 --> 01:05:45.710
blood-sucking and become a better man.

01:05:46.770 --> 01:05:52.450
Upon being closely charged with contumacy,
the severe replies of Mr. Saunders to the

01:05:52.450 --> 01:05:57.810
Bishop, who had before, to get the favour
of Henry VIII, written and set forth in

01:05:57.810 --> 01:06:02.270
print a book of true obedience,
wherein he had openly declared Queen Mary

01:06:02.270 --> 01:06:07.970
to be a bastard, so irritated him that he
exclaimed, Carry away this frenzied fool

01:06:07.970 --> 01:06:08.510
to prison.

01:06:09.270 --> 01:06:12.890
After this good and faithful martyr had
been kept in prison one year and a

01:06:12.890 --> 01:06:16.930
quarter, the Bishops at length called him,
as they did his fellow prisoners,

01:06:17.470 --> 01:06:19.990
openly to be examined before the Queen's
Council.

01:06:21.130 --> 01:06:25.910
His examination being ended, the officers
led him out of the place, and stayed until

01:06:25.910 --> 01:06:29.650
the rest of his fellow prisoners were
likewise examined, that they might lead

01:06:29.650 --> 01:06:30.810
them all together to prison.

01:06:32.310 --> 01:06:36.950
After his excommunication and delivery
over to the secular power, he was brought

01:06:36.950 --> 01:06:41.110
by the Sheriff of London to the Comter,
a prison in his own parish of Bread

01:06:41.110 --> 01:06:45.190
Street, at which he rejoiced greatly,
both because he found there a fellow

01:06:45.190 --> 01:06:49.590
prisoner, Mr. Codbaker, with whom he had
much Christian and comfortable discourse,

01:06:49.890 --> 01:06:54.410
and because out of the prison,
as before in his pulpit, he might have an

01:06:54.410 --> 01:06:56.390
opportunity of preaching to his
parishioners.

01:06:57.650 --> 01:07:01.470
On the 4th of February, Bonner,
Bishop of London, came to the prison to

01:07:01.470 --> 01:07:02.110
degrade him.

01:07:02.690 --> 01:07:06.070
The day following, in the morning,
the Sheriff of London delivered him to

01:07:06.070 --> 01:07:09.690
certain of the Queen's Guard, who were
appointed to carry him to the city of

01:07:09.690 --> 01:07:11.390
Coventry, there to be burned.

01:07:13.010 --> 01:07:16.910
When they had arrived at Coventry,
a poor shoemaker, who used to serve him

01:07:16.910 --> 01:07:21.210
with shoes, came to him and said,
Oh, my good master, God strengthen and

01:07:21.210 --> 01:07:21.750
comfort you.

01:07:23.110 --> 01:07:28.290
Good shoemaker, Mr. Saunders replied,
I desire thee to pray for me, for I am the

01:07:28.290 --> 01:07:33.490
most unfit man for this high office that
ever was appointed to it, but my gracious

01:07:33.490 --> 01:07:36.010
God and dear Father is able to make me
strong enough.

01:07:37.650 --> 01:07:42.870
The next day, being the 8th of February,
1555, he was led to the place of

01:07:42.870 --> 01:07:45.410
execution, in the park, without the city.

01:07:46.290 --> 01:07:50.830
He went in an old gown and a shirt,
barefooted, and oftentimes fell flat on

01:07:50.830 --> 01:07:51.930
the ground, and prayed.

01:07:53.090 --> 01:07:56.690
When he was come to neither place,
the officer appointed to see the execution

01:07:56.690 --> 01:08:01.410
done, said to Mr. Saunders that he was one
of them who marred the Queen's realm,

01:08:01.810 --> 01:08:04.290
but if he would recant, there was pardon
for him.

01:08:05.170 --> 01:08:08.750
Not I, replied the holy martyr,
but such as you have injured the realm.

01:08:09.150 --> 01:08:12.050
The blessed gospel of Christ is what I
hold.

01:08:12.550 --> 01:08:16.430
That do I believe, that have I taught,
and that will I never revoke.

01:08:17.790 --> 01:08:22.270
Mr. Saunders then slowly moved towards the
fire, sank to the earth, and prayed.

01:08:22.270 --> 01:08:27.450
He then rose up, embraced the stake,
and frequently said, Welcome thou cross of

01:08:27.450 --> 01:08:29.750
Christ, welcome everlasting life.

01:08:31.050 --> 01:08:34.610
Fire was then put to the faggots,
and he was overwhelmed by the dreadful

01:08:34.610 --> 01:08:37.670
flames, and sweetly slept in the Lord
Jesus.

01:08:41.480 --> 01:08:47.060
The History, Imprisonment and Examination
of Mr. John Hooper, Bishop of Worcester

01:08:47.060 --> 01:08:53.700
and Gloucester John Hooper, student and
graduate in the University of Oxford,

01:08:54.320 --> 01:08:58.000
was stirred with such fervent desire to
the love and knowledge of the scriptures,

01:08:58.620 --> 01:09:02.520
that he was compelled to move from thence,
and was retained in the house of Sir

01:09:02.520 --> 01:09:06.920
Thomas Arundel as his steward,
until Sir Thomas had intelligence of his

01:09:06.920 --> 01:09:11.480
opinions and religion, which he in no case
did favour, though he exceedingly favoured

01:09:11.480 --> 01:09:14.360
his person and condition, and wished to be
his friend.

01:09:15.460 --> 01:09:20.780
Mr. Hooper now prudently left Sir Thomas's
house and arrived at Paris, but in a short

01:09:20.780 --> 01:09:25.560
time returned to England, and was retained
by Mr. Sentlow, until the time that he was

01:09:25.560 --> 01:09:29.140
again molested and sought for,
when he passed through France to the

01:09:29.140 --> 01:09:33.400
higher parts of Germany, where,
commencing acquaintance with learned men,

01:09:33.760 --> 01:09:38.280
he was by them free and lovingly
entertained, both at Basel, and especially

01:09:38.280 --> 01:09:42.240
at Zurich, by Mr. Bullinger, who was his
singular friend.

01:09:42.240 --> 01:09:46.560
Here also he married his wife,
who was a Burgonian, and applied very

01:09:46.560 --> 01:09:48.280
studiously to the Hebrew tongue.

01:09:49.780 --> 01:09:54.260
At length, when God saw it good to stay
the bloody time of the Six Articles,

01:09:54.560 --> 01:09:59.460
and to give us King Edward to reign over
this realm, with some peace and rest under

01:09:59.460 --> 01:10:04.220
the Church, amongst many other English
exiles who then repaired homeward,

01:10:04.680 --> 01:10:09.080
Mr. Hooper also moved in conscience,
thought not to absent himself,

01:10:09.080 --> 01:10:13.500
but seeing such a time and occasion,
offered to help forward the Lord's work to

01:10:13.500 --> 01:10:14.800
the uttermost of his ability.

01:10:16.500 --> 01:10:20.560
When Mr. Hooper had taken his farewell of
Mr. Bullinger and his friends in Zurich,

01:10:20.900 --> 01:10:25.500
he repaired again to England, in the reign
of King Edward VI, and coming to London,

01:10:25.900 --> 01:10:30.180
used continually to preach, most times
twice or at least once a day.

01:10:31.520 --> 01:10:35.720
In his sermons, according to his
accustomed manner, he corrected sin and

01:10:35.720 --> 01:10:39.740
sharply invaded against the iniquity of
the world and the corrupt abuses of the

01:10:39.740 --> 01:10:40.080
Church.

01:10:40.580 --> 01:10:45.700
The people, in great flocks and companies,
daily came to hear his voice, as the most

01:10:45.700 --> 01:10:50.640
melodious sound and tune of Orpheus's
harp, insomuch that oftentimes,

01:10:50.860 --> 01:10:55.040
when he was preaching, the Church would be
so full, that none could enter farther

01:10:55.040 --> 01:10:56.160
than the doors thereof.

01:10:56.900 --> 01:11:00.560
In his doctrine he was earnest,
in tongue eloquent, in the Scriptures

01:11:00.560 --> 01:11:05.160
perfect, in pains indefatigable,
in his life exemplary.

01:11:07.340 --> 01:11:10.860
Having preached before the King's Majesty,
he was soon after made Bishop of

01:11:10.860 --> 01:11:11.340
Gloucester.

01:11:12.140 --> 01:11:16.960
In that office he continued two years,
and behaved himself so well, that his very

01:11:16.960 --> 01:11:20.840
enemies could find no fault with him,
and after that he was made Bishop of

01:11:20.840 --> 01:11:21.240
Worcester.

01:11:22.780 --> 01:11:27.620
Dr. Hooper executed the office of a most
careful and vigilant pastor for the space

01:11:27.620 --> 01:11:31.860
of two years and more, as long as the
state of religion in King Edward's time

01:11:31.860 --> 01:11:33.440
was sound and flourishing.

01:11:35.000 --> 01:11:39.820
After he had been cited to appear before
Bonner and Dr. Heath, he was led to the

01:11:39.820 --> 01:11:44.320
Council, accused falsely of owing the
Queen money, and in the next year,

01:11:44.520 --> 01:11:49.560
1554, he wrote an account of his severe
treatment during near eighteen months'

01:11:49.700 --> 01:11:54.440
confinement in the fleet, and after his
third examination, January 28,

01:11:54.600 --> 01:11:59.900
1555, at St. Mary Ovaries, he,
with the Reverend Mr. Rogers, was

01:11:59.900 --> 01:12:04.360
conducted to the compter in Southwark,
there to remain until the next day at nine

01:12:04.360 --> 01:12:06.520
o 'clock, to see whether they would
recant.

01:12:07.680 --> 01:12:09.940
"'Come, Brother Rogers,' said Dr. Hooper.

01:12:11.400 --> 01:12:16.360
"'Must we too take this matter first in
hand, and begin to fry in these faggots?'

01:12:16.360 --> 01:12:19.440
"'Yes, Doctor,' said Mr. Rogers,
by God's grace.

01:12:20.020 --> 01:12:24.220
"'Doubt not,' said Dr. Hooper,
"'but God will give us strength,' and the

01:12:24.220 --> 01:12:27.900
people so applauded their constancy that
they had much ado to pass.

01:12:29.140 --> 01:12:34.600
January 29, Bishop Hooper was degraded and
condemned, and the Reverend Mr. Rogers was

01:12:34.600 --> 01:12:35.700
treated in like manner.

01:12:36.560 --> 01:12:39.680
At dark, Dr. Hooper was led through the
city to Newgate.

01:12:40.500 --> 01:12:44.100
Notwithstanding this secrecy, many people
came forth to their doors with lights,

01:12:44.160 --> 01:12:47.060
and saluted him, praising God for his
constancy.

01:12:48.860 --> 01:12:53.000
During the few days he was in Newgate,
he was frequently visited by Bonner and

01:12:53.000 --> 01:12:58.560
others, but without avail, as Christ was
tempted, so they tempted him, and then

01:12:58.560 --> 01:13:00.580
maliciously reported that he had recanted.

01:13:01.720 --> 01:13:05.800
The place of his martyrdom being fixed at
Gloucester, he rejoiced very much,

01:13:06.180 --> 01:13:10.580
lifting up his eyes and hands to heaven,
and praising God that he saw it good to

01:13:10.580 --> 01:13:15.240
send him among the people over whom he was
pastor, there to confirm with his death

01:13:15.240 --> 01:13:17.540
the truth which he had before taught them.

01:13:19.460 --> 01:13:24.100
On February 7th, he came to Gloucester
about five o'clock, and lodged at one

01:13:24.100 --> 01:13:25.040
Ingram's house.

01:13:26.320 --> 01:13:31.100
After his first sleep, he continued in
prayer until morning, and all the next day

01:13:31.100 --> 01:13:35.000
except a little time at his meals,
and when conversing, such as the God

01:13:35.000 --> 01:13:38.000
kindly permitted to speak to him,
he spent in prayer.

01:13:39.880 --> 01:13:44.500
Sir Anthony Kingston, at one time Dr.
Hooper's good friend, was appointed by the

01:13:44.500 --> 01:13:46.580
Queen's Letters to attend at his
execution.

01:13:47.200 --> 01:13:49.940
As soon as he saw the Bishop, he burst
into tears.

01:13:50.540 --> 01:13:52.920
With tender entreaties, he exhorted him to
live.

01:13:54.220 --> 01:13:58.900
True it is, said the Bishop, that death is
bitter and life is sweet, but alas,

01:13:59.020 --> 01:14:02.960
consider that the death to come is more
bitter, and the life to come is more

01:14:02.960 --> 01:14:03.440
sweet.

01:14:06.000 --> 01:14:10.840
The same day a blind boy obtained leave to
be brought into Dr. Hooper's presence.

01:14:11.480 --> 01:14:14.920
The same boy, not long before,
had suffered imprisonment at Gloucester

01:14:14.920 --> 01:14:16.100
for confessing the truth.

01:14:16.700 --> 01:14:20.740
Ah, poor boy, said the Bishop,
though God hath taken from thee thy

01:14:20.740 --> 01:14:25.580
outward sight, for what reason he best
knoweth, yet he hath endued thy soul with

01:14:25.580 --> 01:14:30.040
the eye of knowledge and of faith,
God give thee grace continually to pray

01:14:30.040 --> 01:14:34.800
unto him that thou lose not that sight,
for then wouldst thou indeed be blind both

01:14:34.800 --> 01:14:35.820
in body and soul.

01:14:37.980 --> 01:14:43.060
When the Mayor waited upon him preparatory
to his execution, he expressed his perfect

01:14:43.060 --> 01:14:47.120
obedience, and only requested that a quick
fire might terminate his torment.

01:14:48.000 --> 01:14:51.420
After he had got up in the morning,
he desired that no man should be suffered

01:14:51.420 --> 01:14:55.280
to come into the chamber, that he might be
solitary until the hour of execution.

01:14:56.680 --> 01:15:02.880
About eight o'clock, on February 9,
1555, he was led forth, and many thousand

01:15:02.880 --> 01:15:05.100
persons were collected, as it was market
day.

01:15:06.140 --> 01:15:10.280
All the way, being straightly charged not
to speak, and beholding the people who

01:15:10.280 --> 01:15:14.360
mourned bitterly for him, he would
sometimes lift up his eyes towards heaven,

01:15:14.460 --> 01:15:18.700
and look very cheerfully upon such as he
knew, that he was never known during the

01:15:18.700 --> 01:15:22.860
time of his being among them to look with
so cheerful and ruddy a countenance as he

01:15:22.860 --> 01:15:23.740
did at that time.

01:15:24.760 --> 01:15:28.880
When he came to the place appointed where
he should die, he smilingly beheld the

01:15:28.880 --> 01:15:32.980
stake and preparation made for him,
which was near unto the great elm tree,

01:15:33.140 --> 01:15:35.780
over against the college of priests where
he used to preach.

01:15:37.140 --> 01:15:42.040
Now, after he had entered into prayer,
a box was brought and laid before him upon

01:15:42.040 --> 01:15:45.620
a stool, with his pardon from the Queen,
if he would turn.

01:15:46.400 --> 01:15:50.100
At the sight whereof he cried,
If you love my soul, away with it!

01:15:50.720 --> 01:15:55.280
The box being taken away, Lord Chandos
said, Seeing there is no remedy,

01:15:55.460 --> 01:15:56.280
dispatch him quickly.

01:15:57.700 --> 01:16:01.740
Command was now given that the fire should
be kindled, but because there were not

01:16:01.740 --> 01:16:06.480
more green faggots than two horses could
carry, it kindled not speedily,

01:16:06.600 --> 01:16:10.100
and was a pretty while also before it took
the reeds upon the faggots.

01:16:10.780 --> 01:16:14.440
At length it burned about him,
but the wind having full strength at that

01:16:14.440 --> 01:16:19.200
place, and being a lowering cold morning,
it blew the flame from him, so that he was

01:16:19.200 --> 01:16:21.340
in a manner little more than touched by
the fire.

01:16:22.320 --> 01:16:26.880
Within a space after, a few dry faggots
were brought, and a new fire kindled with

01:16:26.880 --> 01:16:28.640
faggots, for there were no more reeds.

01:16:29.160 --> 01:16:32.780
And those burned at the nether parts,
and had but small power above,

01:16:32.780 --> 01:16:36.840
because of the wind, saving that it burnt
his hair and scorched his skin a little.

01:16:37.700 --> 01:16:43.100
In the time of which fire, even as at the
first flame, he prayed, saying mildly and

01:16:43.100 --> 01:16:48.900
not very loud, but as one without pain,
O Jesus, Son of David, have mercy upon me

01:16:48.900 --> 01:16:49.940
and receive my soul.