WEBVTT

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It happened that Dr. Gardiner,
secretary, and Dr. Fox, defenders of the

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King in the above suit, came to the house
of Mr. Cressy to lodge, while the King

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removed to Greenwich.

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At supper, a conversation ensued with Dr.
Cranmer, who suggested that the question

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whether a man may marry his brother's wife
or not could be easily and speedily

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decided by the word of God, and this as
well in the English courts as in those of

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any foreign nation.

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The King, uneasy at the delay,
sent for Dr. Gardiner and Dr. Fox to

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consult them, regretting that a new
commission must be sent to Rome and the

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suit be endlessly protracted.

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Upon relating to the King the conversation
which had passed on the previous evening

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with Dr. Cranmer, His Majesty sent for him
and opened the tenderness of conscience

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upon the near affinity of the Queen.

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Dr. Cranmer advised that the matter should
be referred to the most learned divines of

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Cambridge and Oxford, as he was unwilling
to meddle in an affair of such weight.

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But the King enjoined him to deliver his
sentiments in writing, and to repair for

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that purpose to the Earl of Wiltshire's,
who would accommodate him with books and

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everything requisite for the occasion.

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This Dr. Cranmer immediately did,
and in his declaration not only quoted the

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authority of the scriptures, of general
councils and the ancient writers,

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but maintained that the Bishop of Rome had
no authority whatever to dispense with the

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word of God.

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The King asked him if he would stand by
this bold declaration, to which,

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replying in the affirmative, he was
deputed Ambassador to Rome, in conjunction

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with the Earl of Wiltshire, Dr. Stokesley,
Dr. Kahn, Dr. Bennet, and others,

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previous to which the marriage was
discussed in most of the universities of

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Christendom and at home.

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When the Pope presented his toe to be
kissed, as customary, the Earl of

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Wiltshire and his party refused.

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Indeed, it is affirmed that a spaniel of
the Earl's, attracted by the littler of

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the Pope's toe, made a snap at it,
whence his holiness drew in his sacred

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foot and kicked at the offender with the
other.

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Upon the Pope demanding the cause of their
embassy, the Earl presented Dr. Cranmer's

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book, declaring that his learned friends
had come to defend it.

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The Pope treated the embassy honourably,
and appointed a day for the discussion,

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which he delayed as if afraid of the issue
of the investigation.

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The Earl returned, and Dr. Cranmer,
by the King's desire, visited the Emperor

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and was successful in bringing him over to
his opinion.

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Upon the Doctor's return to England,
Dr. Warham, Archbishop of Canterbury,

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having quitted this transitory life,
Dr. Cranmer was deservedly, and by Dr.

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Warham's desire, elevated to that eminent
station.

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In this function, it may be said that he
followed closely the charge of St. Paul.

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Diligent in duty, he rose at five in the
morning, and continued in study and prayer

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until nine.

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Between then and dinner, he devoted to
temporal affairs.

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After dinner, if any suitors wanted
hearing, he would determine their business

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with such an affability that even the
defaulters were scarcely displeased.

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Then he would play a for an hour,
or see others play, and at five o'clock he

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heard the common prayer read, and from
this until supper he took the recreation

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of walking.

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At supper, his conversation was lively and
entertaining.

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Again, he walked or amused himself until
nine o'clock, and then entered his study.

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He ranked high in favour with King Henry,
and even had the purity and the interest

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of the English Church deeply at heart.

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His mild and forgiving disposition is
recorded in the An ignorant priest in the

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country had called Cranmer an ossler,
and spoken very derogatory of his

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learning.

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Lord Cromwell, receiving information of
it, the man was sent to the fleet,

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and his case was told to the archbishop by
Mr. Chertsey, a grocer and a relation of

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the priest.

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His Grace, having sent for the offender,
reasoned with him and solicited the priest

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to question him on any learned subject.

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This the man, overcome by the bishop's
good nature, and knowing his own glaring

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incapacity, declined and entreated his
forgiveness, which was immediately

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granted, with a charge to employ his time
better when he returned to his parish.

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Cromwell was much vexed at the lenity
displayed, but the bishop was ever more

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ready to receive injury than to retaliate
in any other manner than by good advice

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and good offices.

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At the time that Cranmer was raised to be
archbishop, he was king's chaplain and

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archdeacon of Taunton.

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He was also constituted by the pope,
the penitentiary general of England.

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It was considered by the king that Cranmer
would be obsequious, hence the latter

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married the king to Anne Boleyn,
performed her coronations, took godfather

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to Elizabeth, the first child,
and divorced the king from Catherine.

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Though Cranmer received a confirmation of
his dignity from the pope, he always

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protested against acknowledging any other
authority than the king's, and he

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persisted in the same independent
sentiments when before Mary's

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commissioners in 1555.

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One of the first steps after the divorce
was to prevent preaching throughout his

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diocese, but this narrow measure had
rather a political view than a religious

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one, as there were many who invade against
the king's conduct.

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In his new dignity Cranmer agitated the
question of supremacy, and by his powerful

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and just arguments induced the parliament
to render to Caesar the things that are

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Caesar's.

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During Cranmer's residence in Germany,
1531, he became acquainted with Ossiander

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and Nuremberg, and married his niece,
but left her with him while on his return

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to England.

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After a season he sent for her privately,
and she remained with him until the year

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1539, when the six articles compelled him
to return her to her friends for a time.

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It should be remembered that Ossiander,
having obtained the approbation of his

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friend Cranmer, published the laborious
work of the Harmony of the Gospels in

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1537.

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In 1534, the archbishop completed the
dearest wish of his heart, the removal of

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every obstacle to the perfection of the
reformation by the subscription of the

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nobles and bishops to the king's sole
supremacy.

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Only Bishop Fisher and Sir Thomas More
made objection, and their agreement not to

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oppose the succession Cranmer was willing
to consider as sufficient, but the monarch

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would have no other than an entire
concession.

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Not long after, Gardiner, in a private
interview with the king, spoke inimically

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of Cranmer, whom he maliciously hated,
for assuming the title of primate of all

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England as derogatory to the supremacy of
the king.

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This created much jealousy against
Cranmer, and his translation of the Bible

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was strongly opposed by Stokely,
Bishop of London.

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It is said, upon the demise of Queen
Catherine, that her successor Anne Boleyn

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rejoiced, a lesson this to show how
shallow is the human judgment,

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since her own execution took place in the
spring of the following year, and the

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king, on the day following the beheading
of this sacrificed lady, married the

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beautiful Jane Seymour, a maid of honour
to the late queen.

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Cranmer was ever the friend of Anne
Boleyn, but it was dangerous to oppose the

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will of the carnal, tyrannical monarch.

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In 1538, the holy scriptures were openly
exposed to sale, and the places of worship

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overflowed everywhere to hear its holy
doctrines expounded.

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Upon the king's passing into a law,
the famous Six Articles, which went nearly

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again to establish the essential tenets of
the Romish creed, Cranmer shone forth with

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all the luster of a Christian patriot,
in resisting the doctrines they contained,

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and in which he was supported by the
bishops of Serum, Worcester, Ely and

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Rochester, the two former of whom resigned
their bishoprics.

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The king, though now in opposition to
Cranmer, still revered the sincerity that

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marked his conduct.

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The death of Lord Cromwell in the tower in
1540, the good friend of Cranmer,

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was a severe blow to the wavering
Protestant cause, but even now Cranmer,

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when he saw the tide directly adverse to
the truth, boldly waited on the king in

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person, and by his manly and heartfelt
pleading, caused the Book of Articles to

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be passed on his side to the great
confusion of his enemies, who contemplated

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his fall as inevitable.

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Cranmer now lived in as secluded a manner
as possible, until the ranker of

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Winchester preferred some articles against
him, relative to the dangerous opinion he

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taught in his family, joined to other
treasonable charges.

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These the king himself delivered to
Cranmer, and believing firmly the fidelity

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and assertions of innocence of the accused
prelate, he caused the matter to be deeply

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investigated, and Winchester and Dr.
Lendon, with Thornton and Barber,

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of the bishop's household, were found by
the papers to be the real conspirators.

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The mild, forgiving Cranmer would have
interceded for all remission of

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punishment, had not Henry, pleased with
the subsidy voted by Parliament,

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let them be discharged.

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These nefarious men, however, again
renewing their plots against Cranmer,

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fell victims to Henry's resentment,
and Gardiner forever lost his confidence.

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Sir G.

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Gostwick soon after laid charges against
the archbishop, which Henry quashed,

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and the primate was willing to forgive.

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In 1544, the archbishop's palace at
Canterbury was burnt, and his

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brother-in-law, with others, perished in
it.

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These various afflictions may serve to
reconcile us to a humble state,

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for of what happiness could this great and
good man boast, since his life was

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constantly harassed, either by political,
religious, or natural crosses.

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Again, the inveterate Gardiner laid high
charges against the meek archbishop,

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and would have sent him to the tower,
but the king was his friend, gave him his

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signet that he might defend him,
and in the council not only declared the

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bishop one of the best affected men in his
realm, but sharply rebuked his accusers

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for their calumny.

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A peace having been made, Henry and the
French king, Henry the Great, were

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unanimous to have the mass abolished in
their kingdom, and Cranmer set about this

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great work.

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But the death of the English monarch in
1546 suspended the procedure, and King

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Edward, his successor, continued Cranmer
in the same functions.

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Upon his coronation he delivered a charge
that will ever honour his memory for its

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purity, freedom, and truth.

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During this reign he prosecuted the
glorious reformation with unabated zeal,

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even in the year 1552, when he was seized
with a severe ague, from which it pleased

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God to restore him, that he might testify
by his death the truth of that seed he had

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diligently sown.

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The death of Edward, in 1553, exposed
Cranmer to all the rage of his enemies.

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Though the archbishop was among those who
supported Mary's accession, he was

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attainted at the meeting of Parliament,
and in November adjudged guilty of high

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treason at Guildhall, and degraded from
his dignities.

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He sent a humble letter to Mary,
explaining the cause of his signing the

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will in favour of Edward, and in 1554 he
wrote to the council, whom he pressed to

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obtain a pardon from the queen,
by a letter delivered to Dr. Weston,

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but which the letter opened, and on seeing
its contents, basely returned.

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Treason was a charge quite inapplicable to
Cranmer, who supported the queen's right,

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while others who had favoured Lady Jane
were dismissed upon paying a small fine.

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A calumny was now spread against Cranmer,
that he complied with some of the popish

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ceremonies to ingratiate himself with the
queen, which he dared publicly to disavow,

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and justified his articles of faith.

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The active part which the prelate had
taken in the divorce of Mary's mother had

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ever rankled deeply in the heart of the
queen, and revenge formed a prominent

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feature in the death of Cranmer.

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We have in this work noticed the public
disputations at Oxford, in which the

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talents of Cranmer, Ridley and Latimer
shone so conspicuously, and tended to

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their condemnation.

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The first sentence was illegal,
inasmuch as the usurped power of the pope

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had not yet been re-established by law.

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Being kept in prison until this was
effected, a commission was dispatched from

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Rome, appointing Dr. Brooks to sit as the
representative of his holiness,

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and Drs.

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Storey and Martin as those of the queen.

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Cranmer was willing to bow to the
authority of Drs.

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Storey and Martin, but against that of Dr.
Brooks he protested.

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Such were the remarks and replies of
Cranmer, after a long examination,

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that Dr. Brooks observed, We come to
examine you, and methinks you examine us.

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Being sent back to confinement,
he received a citation to appear at Rome

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within eighteen days, but this was
impracticable, as he was imprisoned in

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England, and as he stated, even had he
been at liberty, he was too poor to employ

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an advocate.

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Absurd as it must appear, Cranmer was
condemned at Rome, and on February 14,

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1556, a new commission was appointed,
by which Thurlby, Bishop of Ely,

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and Bonner of London, were deputed to sit
in judgment at Christchurch, Oxford.

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By virtue of this instrument, Cranmer was
gradually degraded, by putting mere rags

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on him to represent the dress of an
archbishop, then stripping him of his

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attire they took off his own gown,
and put an old worn one upon him instead.

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This he bore unmoved, and his enemies,
finding that severity only rendered him

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more determined, tried the opposite
course, and placed him in the house of the

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Dean of Christchurch, where he was treated
with every indulgence.

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This presented such a contrast to the
three years hard imprisonment he had

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received, that it threw him off his guard.

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His open, generous nature was more easily
to be seduced by a liberal conduct than by

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threats and fetters.

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When Satan finds the Christian proof
against one mode of attack, he tries

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another, and what form is so seductive as
smiles, rewards, and power after a long,

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painful imprisonment?

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Thus it was with Cranmer.

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His enemies promised him his former
greatness, if he would but recant,

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as well as the Queen's favour.

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And this, at the very time they knew that
his death was determined in council.

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To soften the path to apostasy,
the first paper brought for his signature

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was conceived in general terms.

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This, once signed, five others were
obtained as explanatory of the first,

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until finally he put his hand to the
following detestable instrument.

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I, Thomas Cranmer, late Archbishop of
Canterbury, do renounce, abhor,

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and detest all manner of heresies and
errors of Luther and Sphinglius,

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and all other teachings which are contrary
to sound and true doctrine.

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And I believe most constantly in my heart,
and with my mouth I confess, one holy and

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Catholic Church visible, without which
there is no salvation, and therefore I

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acknowledge the Bishop of Rome to be
supreme head on earth, whom I acknowledge

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to be the highest Bishop and Pope,
and Christ Vicar, unto whom all Christian

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people ought to be subject.

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And as concerning the sacraments,
I believe and worship in the sacrament of

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the altar, the body and blood of Christ,
being contained most truly under the forms

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of bread and wine, the bread, through the
mighty power of God, being turned into the

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body of our Saviour Jesus Christ,
and the wine into his blood.

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And in the other six sacraments,
also alike as in this, I believe and hold

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as the universal Church holdeth,
and the Church of Rome judgeth and

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determineth.

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Furthermore, I believe that there is a
place of purgatory, where souls departed

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be punished for a time, for whom the
Church doth godly and wholesomely pray,

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like as it doth honour saints and make
prayers to them.

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Finally, in all things I profess that I do
not otherwise believe than the Catholic

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Church and the Church of Rome holdeth and
teacheth.

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I am sorry that I ever held or thought
otherwise, and I beseech Almighty God that

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of his mercy he will vouchsafe to forgive
me whatsoever I have offended against God

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or his Church, and also I desire and
beseech all Christian people to pray for

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me.

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And all such as have been deceived,
either by mine example or doctrine,

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I require them by the blood of Jesus
Christ that they will return to the unity

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of the Church, that we may be all of one
mind without schism or division.

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And to conclude, as I submit myself to the
Catholic Church of Christ and to the

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Supreme Head thereof, so I submit myself
unto the most excellent Majesties of

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Philip and Mary, King and Queen of this
realm of England, etc., and to all other

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their laws and ordinances, being ready
always as a faithful subject ever to obey

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them.

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And God is my witness that I have not done
this for favour or fear of any person,

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but willingly and of mine own conscience
as to the instruction of others.

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Let him that standeth take heed lest he
fall, said the Apostle, and here was a

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falling off indeed.

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The Papists now triumphed in their turn.

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They had acquired all they wanted short of
his life.

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His recantation was immediately printed
and dispersed, that it might have its due

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effect upon the astonished Protestants.

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But God counterworked all the designs of
the Catholics by the extent to which they

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carried the implacable persecution of
their prey.

17:52.620 --> 17:56.160
Doubtless the love of life induced Cramer
to sign the above declaration,

17:56.760 --> 18:00.440
yet death may be said to have been
preferable to life to him who lay under

18:00.440 --> 18:04.820
the stings of a goaded conscience and the
contempt of every gospel Christian.

18:05.460 --> 18:09.140
This principle he strongly felt in all its
force and anguish.

18:10.900 --> 18:15.460
The Queen's revenge was only to be
satiated by Cramer's blood, and therefore

18:15.460 --> 18:20.520
she wrote an order to Dr. Pole to prepare
a sermon to be preached March 21 directly

18:20.520 --> 18:23.040
before his martyrdom at St. Mary's,
Oxford.

18:24.780 --> 18:28.680
Dr. Pole visited him the day previous and
was induced to believe that he would

18:28.680 --> 18:32.800
publicly deliver his sentiments in
confirmation of the articles to which he

18:32.800 --> 18:33.480
had subscribed.

18:34.640 --> 18:38.660
About nine in the morning of the day of
sacrifice, the Queen's commissioners,

18:38.820 --> 18:43.720
attended by the magistrates, conducted the
amiable unfortunate to St. Mary's church.

18:44.580 --> 18:49.280
His torn, dirty garb, same in which they
habited him upon his degradation,

18:49.280 --> 18:51.680
excited the commiseration of the people.

18:52.560 --> 18:56.560
In the church he found a low, mean stage
erected opposite to the pulpit,

18:57.060 --> 19:00.920
on which being placed he turned his face
and fervently prayed to God.

19:02.220 --> 19:06.180
The church was crowded with persons of
both persuasions, expecting to hear the

19:06.180 --> 19:10.380
justification of the late apostasy,
the Catholics rejoicing, and the

19:10.380 --> 19:14.140
Protestants deeply wounded in spirit at
the deceit of the human heart.

19:15.420 --> 19:20.300
Dr. Pole, in his sermon, represented
Cranmer as having been guilty of the most

19:20.300 --> 19:25.680
atrocious crimes, encouraged the deluded
sufferer not to fear death, not to doubt

19:25.680 --> 19:29.860
the support of God in his torments,
nor that masses would be set in all the

19:29.860 --> 19:32.100
churches of Oxford for the repose of his
soul.

19:33.360 --> 19:37.460
The doctor then noticed his conversion,
and which he ascribed to the evident

19:37.460 --> 19:41.540
working of almighty power, and in order
that the people might be convinced of its

19:41.540 --> 19:44.300
reality, asked the prisoner to give them a
sign.

19:45.360 --> 19:48.980
This Cranmer did, and begged the
congregation to pray for him, for he had

19:48.980 --> 19:53.600
committed many and grievous sins,
but of all there was one which awfully lay

19:53.600 --> 19:56.140
upon his mind, of which he would speak
shortly.

19:57.980 --> 20:02.380
During the sermon Cranmer wept bitter
tears, lifting up his hands and eyes to

20:02.380 --> 20:05.260
heaven and letting them fall, as if
unworthy to live.

20:06.100 --> 20:08.540
His grief now found vent in words.

20:09.100 --> 20:13.180
Before his confession he fell upon his
knees, and in the following words unveiled

20:13.180 --> 20:17.120
the deep contrition and agitation which
harrowed up his soul.

20:18.240 --> 20:23.820
O Father of Heaven, O Son of God,
Redeemer of the World, O Holy Ghost,

20:24.020 --> 20:29.360
Three Persons, All One God, have mercy on
me, most wretched, cative, and miserable

20:29.360 --> 20:29.740
sinner.

20:30.380 --> 20:34.380
I have offended both against heaven and
earth more than my tongue can express.

20:35.220 --> 20:37.720
Whither then may I go, or whither may I
flee?

20:38.580 --> 20:43.040
To heaven I may be ashamed to lift up mine
eyes, and in earth I find no place of

20:43.040 --> 20:44.060
refuge or succor.

20:44.880 --> 20:49.540
To Thee, therefore, O Lord, do I run,
to Thee do I humble myself, saying,

20:50.020 --> 20:54.580
O Lord my God, my sins be great,
but yet have mercy upon me for Thy great

20:54.580 --> 20:54.980
mercy.

20:55.940 --> 21:00.740
The great mystery that God became man was
not wrought for little or few offences.

21:01.460 --> 21:05.780
Thou didst not give Thy Son, O Heavenly
Father, unto death for small sins only,

21:06.140 --> 21:10.380
but for all the greatest sins of the
world, so that the sinner returned to Thee

21:10.380 --> 21:12.580
with his whole heart, as I do at present.

21:13.080 --> 21:17.320
Wherefore, have mercy on me, O God,
whose property is always to have mercy.

21:17.680 --> 21:20.480
Have mercy upon me, O Lord, for Thy great
mercy.

21:20.940 --> 21:25.120
I crave nothing for my own merits,
but for Thy name's sake that it may be

21:25.120 --> 21:28.460
hallowed thereby, and for Thy dear Son
Jesus Christ's sake.

21:28.900 --> 21:32.700
And now, therefore, O Father of heaven,
hallowed be Thy name.

21:33.360 --> 21:33.680
etc.

21:35.500 --> 21:39.740
Then rising, he said he was desirous
before his death to give them some pious

21:39.740 --> 21:44.080
exhortations by which God might be
glorified and themselves edified.

21:44.780 --> 21:49.580
He then discounted upon the danger of a
love for the world, the duty of obedience

21:49.580 --> 21:53.500
to their majesties, of love to one
another, and the necessity of the rich

21:53.500 --> 21:55.320
administering to the wants of the poor.

21:56.240 --> 22:00.200
He quoted three verses of the fifth
chapter of James, and then proceeded,

22:00.480 --> 22:05.460
Let them that be rich ponder well these
three sentences, for if they ever had

22:05.460 --> 22:08.920
occasion to show their charity,
they have it now at this present,

22:09.360 --> 22:12.300
the poor people being so many,
and vital so dear.

22:13.640 --> 22:18.140
And now, forasmuch as I am come to the
last end of my life, whereupon hangeth all

22:18.140 --> 22:22.620
my life past, and all my life to come,
either to live with my Master Christ

22:22.620 --> 22:26.660
forever in joy, or else to be in pain
forever with the wicked in hell,

22:27.240 --> 22:30.760
and I see before mine eyes presently
either heaven ready to receive me,

22:31.120 --> 22:36.040
or else hell ready to swallow me up,
I shall therefore declare unto you my very

22:36.040 --> 22:41.500
faith how I believe, without any colour of
dissimulation, for now is no time to

22:41.500 --> 22:45.640
dissemble whatsoever I have said or
written in times past.

22:47.040 --> 22:50.800
First, I believe in God the Father
Almighty, Maker of heaven and earth,

22:51.040 --> 22:55.020
and I believe every article of the
Catholic faith, every word and sentence

22:55.020 --> 22:59.740
taught by our Saviour Jesus Christ,
His Apostles and Prophets in the New and

22:59.740 --> 23:00.500
Old Testament.

23:02.140 --> 23:06.480
And now I come to the great thing which so
much troubleth my conscience, more than

23:06.480 --> 23:11.640
anything that ever I did or said in my
whole life, and that is the setting abroad

23:11.640 --> 23:17.020
of a writing contrary to the truth,
which now here I renounce and refuse as

23:17.020 --> 23:21.480
things written with my hand contrary to
the truth which I thought in my heart,

23:21.880 --> 23:25.920
and written for fear of death and to save
my life, if it might be.

23:26.720 --> 23:31.180
And that is, all such bills or papers
which I have written or signed with my

23:31.180 --> 23:35.500
hand since my degradation, wherein I have
written many things untrue.

23:36.340 --> 23:41.080
And for as much as my hand hath offended,
writing contrary to my heart, therefore my

23:41.080 --> 23:45.580
hand shall first be punished, but when I
come to the fire, it shall first be

23:45.580 --> 23:46.020
burned.

23:46.880 --> 23:51.880
And as for the Pope, I refuse him as
Christ's enemy and Antichrist with all his

23:51.880 --> 23:52.680
false doctrine.

23:55.160 --> 24:00.400
Upon the conclusion of this unexpected
declaration, amazement and indignation

24:00.400 --> 24:02.540
were conspicuous in every part of the
Church.

24:03.080 --> 24:06.560
The Catholics were completely foiled,
their object being frustrated,

24:07.200 --> 24:11.640
Cranmer, like Samson, having completed a
greater ruin upon his enemies in the hour

24:11.640 --> 24:13.360
of death than he did in his life.

24:14.940 --> 24:18.420
Cranmer would have proceeded in the
exposure of the Popish doctrines,

24:18.660 --> 24:22.860
but the murmurs of the idolaters drowned
his voice, and the preacher gave an order

24:22.860 --> 24:24.240
to lead the heretic away.

24:25.140 --> 24:29.880
The savage command was directly obeyed,
and the lamb about to suffer was torn from

24:29.880 --> 24:34.180
his stand to the place of slaughter,
insulted all the way by the revilings and

24:34.180 --> 24:36.460
taunts of the pestilent monks and friars.

24:38.480 --> 24:42.700
With thought's intent upon a far higher
object than the empty threats of man,

24:43.280 --> 24:46.140
he reached the spot dyed with the blood of
Ridley and Latimer.

24:46.940 --> 24:51.240
There he knelt for a short time in earnest
devotion, and then arose that he might

24:51.240 --> 24:52.800
undress and prepare for the fire.

24:53.900 --> 24:57.740
Two friars, who had been parties in
prevailing upon him to abjure,

24:58.300 --> 25:02.180
now endeavoured to draw him off again from
the truth, but he was steadfast and

25:02.180 --> 25:05.040
immovable in what he had just professed
and publicly taught.

25:05.780 --> 25:10.080
A chain was provided to bind him to the
stake, and after it had tightly encircled

25:10.080 --> 25:14.340
him, fire was put to the fuel,
and the flames began soon to ascend.

25:15.640 --> 25:18.820
Then were the glorious sentiments of the
martyr made manifest.

25:19.280 --> 25:24.000
Then it was that stretching out his right
hand, he held it unshrinkingly in the fire

25:24.000 --> 25:27.840
until it was burnt to a cinder,
even before his body was injured,

25:28.380 --> 25:31.700
frequently exclaiming, This unworthy right
hand!

25:33.220 --> 25:37.980
His body did abide the burning with such
steadfastness that he seemed to have no

25:37.980 --> 25:40.020
more than the stake to which he was bound.

25:40.580 --> 25:45.160
His eyes were lifted up to heaven,
and he repeated this unworthy right hand

25:45.160 --> 25:49.380
as long as his voice would suffer him,
and using often the words of Stephen,

25:49.780 --> 25:54.400
Lord Jesus, receive my spirit,
in the greatness of the flame he gave up

25:54.400 --> 25:54.920
the ghost.

25:59.540 --> 26:07.080
THE VISION OF THREE LADDERS When Robert
Samuel was brought forth to be burned,

26:07.440 --> 26:10.920
certain there were that heard him declare
what strange things had happened unto him

26:10.920 --> 26:15.380
during the time of his imprisonment,
to wit that after he had famished or pined

26:15.380 --> 26:19.940
with hunger two or three days together,
he then fell into a sleep, as it were one

26:19.940 --> 26:24.380
half in a slumber, at which time one clad
all in white seemed to stand before him,

26:24.660 --> 26:30.280
who ministered comfort unto him by these
words, Samuel, Samuel, be of good cheer

26:30.280 --> 26:34.040
and take a good heart unto thee,
for after this day shalt thou never be

26:34.040 --> 26:35.520
either hungry or thirsty.

26:37.040 --> 26:41.640
No less memorable it is, and worthy to be
noted, concerning the three ladders which

26:41.640 --> 26:46.760
he told to divers he saw in his sleep,
set up toward heaven, of the which there

26:46.760 --> 26:50.720
was one somewhat longer than the rest,
but yet at length they became one,

26:51.020 --> 26:52.720
joining, as it were, all three together.

26:54.200 --> 26:57.980
As this godly martyr was going to the
fire, there came a certain maid to him,

26:58.080 --> 27:01.940
which took him about the neck and kissed
him, who, being marked by them that were

27:01.940 --> 27:06.000
present, was sought for the next day after
to be had to prison and burned,

27:06.520 --> 27:08.600
as the very party herself informed me.

27:09.260 --> 27:13.140
Howbeit, as God of his goodness would have
it, she escaped their fiery hands,

27:13.480 --> 27:16.100
keeping herself secret in the town a good
while after.

27:17.060 --> 27:21.480
But as this maid, called Rose Nottingham,
was marvellously preserved by the

27:21.480 --> 27:26.080
providence of God, so there were other two
honest women who did fall into the rage

27:26.080 --> 27:27.400
and fury of that time.

27:27.960 --> 27:32.400
The one was a brewer's wife, the other was
a shoemaker's wife, but both together now

27:32.400 --> 27:34.480
espoused to a new husband, Christ.

27:35.780 --> 27:39.680
With these two was this maid aforesaid
very familiar and well acquainted,

27:40.280 --> 27:44.520
who, on a time giving counsel to the one
of them, that she should convey herself

27:44.520 --> 27:48.740
away while she had time and space,
had this answer at her hand again.

27:49.460 --> 27:54.180
I know well, saith she, that it is lawful
enough to fly away, which remedy you may

27:54.180 --> 27:56.920
use if you list, but my case standeth
otherwise.

27:57.520 --> 28:02.360
I am tied to a husband, and have besides
young children at home, therefore I am

28:02.360 --> 28:06.260
minded for the love of Christ and his
truth to stand to the extremity of the

28:06.260 --> 28:06.540
matter.

28:08.160 --> 28:13.820
And so the next day after Samuel suffered,
these two godly wives, the one called Anne

28:13.820 --> 28:18.080
Potten, the other called Joan Trunchfield,
the wife of Michael Trunchfield,

28:18.300 --> 28:22.960
shoemaker of Ipswich, were apprehended and
had both into one prison together.

28:24.260 --> 28:28.620
As they were both by sex and nature
somewhat tender, so were they at first

28:28.620 --> 28:32.400
less able to endure the straightness of
the prison, and especially the brewer's

28:32.400 --> 28:36.180
wife was cast into marvellous great
agonies and troubles of mind thereby.

28:36.920 --> 28:41.760
But Christ, beholding the weak infirmity
of his servant, did not fail to help her

28:41.760 --> 28:43.100
when she was in this necessity.

28:44.060 --> 28:50.180
So at length they both suffered after
Samuel in 1556, February 19, and these,

28:50.300 --> 28:54.680
no doubt, were those two ladders which,
being joined with the third, Samuel saw

28:54.680 --> 28:55.780
stretched up into heaven.

28:56.760 --> 29:01.300
This blessed Samuel, the servant of
Christ, suffered the 31st of August,

29:01.520 --> 29:02.440
1555.

29:04.060 --> 29:08.500
The report goeth among some that were
present, and saw him burn, that his body

29:08.500 --> 29:13.140
in burning did shine in the eyes of them
that stood by, as bright and white as

29:13.140 --> 29:14.160
new-tried silver.

29:15.600 --> 29:21.400
When Agnes Bonger saw herself separated
from her prison fellows, what piteous moan

29:21.400 --> 29:25.800
that good woman made, how bitterly she
wept, what strange thoughts came into her

29:25.800 --> 29:30.600
mind, how naked and desolate she esteemed
herself, and into what plunge of despair

29:30.600 --> 29:34.840
and care her poor soul was brought,
it was piteous and wonderful to see,

29:35.340 --> 29:39.300
which all came because she went not with
them to give her life in the defence of

29:39.300 --> 29:44.040
her Christ, for of all things in the world
life was least looked for at her hands.

29:45.360 --> 29:49.300
For that morning in which she was kept
back from burning had she put on a smock

29:49.300 --> 29:53.540
that she had prepared only for that
purpose, and also having a child,

29:53.800 --> 29:57.620
a little young infant, sucking on her,
whom she kept with her tenderly all the

29:57.620 --> 30:02.100
time that she was in prison, against that
day likewise did she send away to another

30:02.100 --> 30:06.060
nurse, who prepared herself presently to
give herself for the testimony of the

30:06.060 --> 30:07.940
glorious gospel of Jesus Christ.

30:09.060 --> 30:13.540
So little did she look for life,
and so greatly did God's gifts work in her

30:13.540 --> 30:17.520
above nature, that death seemed a great
deal better welcome than life.

30:18.680 --> 30:22.800
After which she began a little to stay
herself, and gave her whole exercise to

30:22.800 --> 30:25.860
reading and prayer, wherein she found no
little comfort.

30:27.360 --> 30:31.020
In a short time came a writ from London
for the burning, which according to the

30:31.020 --> 30:33.000
effect thereof was executed.

30:37.160 --> 30:39.500
Hugh Laverick and John Aprice.

30:40.540 --> 30:44.320
Here we perceive that neither the
impotence of age nor the affliction of

30:44.320 --> 30:48.520
blindness could turn aside the murdering
fangs of these Babylonish monsters.

30:49.700 --> 30:54.180
The first of these unfortunates was of the
parish of Barking, aged sixty-eight,

30:54.400 --> 30:55.900
a painter, and a cripple.

30:56.780 --> 31:01.200
The other was blind, dark indeed in his
visual faculties, but intellectually

31:01.200 --> 31:04.880
illuminated with the radiance of the
everlasting gospel of truth.

31:06.440 --> 31:10.240
Inoffensive objects like these were
informed against by some of the sons of

31:10.240 --> 31:14.960
bigotry, and dragged before the prolatical
shark of London, where they underwent

31:14.960 --> 31:19.680
examination, and replied to the articles
propounded to them as other Christian

31:19.680 --> 31:20.860
martyrs had done before.

31:21.940 --> 31:26.120
On the ninth day of May, in the consistory
of St. Paul's, they were entreated to

31:26.120 --> 31:30.920
recant, and upon refusal were sent to
Fulham, where Bonner, by way of a dessert

31:30.920 --> 31:33.880
after dinner, condemned them to the
agonies of the fire.

31:34.980 --> 31:40.900
Being consigned to the secular officers,
May 15, 1556, they were taken in a cart

31:40.900 --> 31:44.560
from Newgate to Stratford-le-Beau,
where they were fastened to the stake.

31:45.880 --> 31:50.060
When Hugh Laverick was secured by the
chain, having no further occasion for his

31:50.060 --> 31:53.900
crutch, he threw it away, saying to his
fellow martyr, while consoling him,

31:53.900 --> 31:58.040
Be of good cheer, my brother, for my lord
of London is our good physician.

31:58.480 --> 32:02.480
He will heal us both shortly, thee of thy
blindness, and me of my lameness.

32:03.200 --> 32:06.740
They sank down in the fire, to rise to
immortality.

32:07.960 --> 32:12.220
The day after the above martyrdom,
Catherine Hutt of Bocking, widow,

32:13.180 --> 32:17.660
Joan Horne, spinster of Billerica,
Elizabeth Thackwell, spinster of Great

32:17.660 --> 32:20.140
Burstead, suffered death in Smithfield.

32:21.400 --> 32:22.520
Thomas Dowery.

32:22.780 --> 32:27.580
We have again to record an act of unpity
and cruelty exercised on this lad,

32:28.100 --> 32:31.860
whom Bishop Hooper had confirmed in the
Lord and the knowledge of his word.

32:32.760 --> 32:35.620
How long this poor sufferer remained in
prison is uncertain.

32:37.200 --> 32:41.620
By the testimony of one John Paylar,
Register of Gloucester, we learn that when

32:41.620 --> 32:45.260
Dowery was brought before Dr. Williams,
then Chancellor of Gloucester,

32:45.680 --> 32:48.280
the usual articles were presented him for
subscription.

32:49.200 --> 32:53.360
From these he dissented, and upon the
doctor's demanding of whom and where he

32:53.360 --> 32:57.540
had learned his heresies, the youth
replied, Indeed, Mr. Chancellor,

32:57.620 --> 33:01.900
I learned from you in that very pulpit,
on such a day, naming the day,

33:02.340 --> 33:06.860
you said in preaching upon the sacrament,
that it was to be exercised spiritually by

33:06.860 --> 33:10.640
faith, and not carnally and really as
taught by the papists.

33:11.560 --> 33:16.740
Dr. Williams then bid him recant as he had
done, but Dowery had not so learned his

33:16.740 --> 33:21.020
duty, though you said he can so easily
mock God, the world, and your own

33:21.020 --> 33:23.180
conscience, yet will I not do so.

33:26.590 --> 33:32.410
Preservation of George Crowe and his
Testament This poor man of Malden,

33:32.910 --> 33:39.390
May 26, 1556, put to sea to laid in Lent
with full as earth, but the boat,

33:39.590 --> 33:43.130
being driven on land, filled with water,
and everything was washed out of her.

33:43.990 --> 33:47.150
Crowe, however, saved his testament,
and coveted nothing else.

33:47.990 --> 33:52.030
With Crowe was a man and a boy,
whose awful situation became every minute

33:52.030 --> 33:55.970
more alarming, as the boat was useless,
and they were ten miles from land,

33:56.370 --> 33:59.470
expecting the tide should in a few hours
set in upon them.

34:00.710 --> 34:04.410
After prayer to God they got upon the
mast, and hung there for the space of ten

34:04.410 --> 34:09.750
hours, when the poor boy, overcome by cold
and exhaustion, fell off and was drowned.

34:10.850 --> 34:15.230
The tide having abated, Crowe proposed to
take down the masts and float upon them,

34:15.350 --> 34:19.150
which they did, and at ten o'clock at
night they were borne away at the mercy of

34:19.150 --> 34:19.650
the waves.

34:21.190 --> 34:25.330
On Wednesday, in the night, Crowe's
companion died through the fatigue and

34:25.330 --> 34:28.690
hunger, and he was left alone,
calling upon God for succour.

34:29.650 --> 34:33.570
At length he was picked up by a Captain
Morse, bound to Antwerp, who nearly

34:33.570 --> 34:37.350
steered away, taking him for some
fisherman's boy floating in the sea.

34:38.370 --> 34:41.990
As soon as Crowe was got on board,
he put his hand in his bosom, and drew out

34:41.990 --> 34:45.230
his testament, which indeed was wet,
but not otherwise injured.

34:46.070 --> 34:49.770
At Antwerp he was well received,
and the money he had lost was more than

34:49.770 --> 34:50.650
made good to him.

34:54.910 --> 35:00.650
Executions at Stratford-le-Beau At this
sacrifice, which we are about to detail,

35:00.810 --> 35:03.390
no less than thirteen were doomed to the
fire.

35:04.390 --> 35:08.730
Each one refusing to subscribe contrary to
conscience, they were condemned,

35:09.290 --> 35:14.430
and the 27th of June, 1556, was appointed
for their execution at Stratford-le-Beau.

35:15.010 --> 35:20.130
Their constancy and faith glorified their
Redeemer equally in life and in death.

35:23.340 --> 35:23.860
Rev.

35:24.120 --> 35:29.560
Julius Palmer This gentleman's life
presents a singular instance of error and

35:29.560 --> 35:30.140
conversion.

35:31.300 --> 35:36.020
In the time of Edward, he was a rigid and
obstinate papist, so averse to godly and

35:36.020 --> 35:39.140
sincere preaching that he was even
despised by his own party.

35:40.120 --> 35:44.220
That this frame of mind should be changed,
and he suffer persecution and death in

35:44.220 --> 35:49.000
Queen Mary's reign, are among those events
of omnipotence at which we wonder and

35:49.000 --> 35:49.420
admire.

35:51.220 --> 35:54.780
Mr. Palmer was born at Coventry,
where his father had been mayor.

35:55.540 --> 35:59.760
Being afterward removed to Oxford,
he became, under Mr. Harley of Magdalen

35:59.760 --> 36:02.580
College, an elegant Latin and Greek
scholar.

36:03.220 --> 36:07.220
He was fond of useful disputation,
possessed of a lively wit and a strong

36:07.220 --> 36:07.640
memory.

36:08.740 --> 36:12.240
Indefatigable in private study,
he rose at four in the morning,

36:12.620 --> 36:16.520
and by this practice qualified himself to
become Reader in Logic in Magdalen

36:16.520 --> 36:17.060
College.

36:18.140 --> 36:22.460
The times of Edward, however, favouring
the Reformation, Mr. Palmer became

36:22.460 --> 36:26.960
frequently punished for his contempt of
prayer and orderly behaviour, and was at

36:26.960 --> 36:28.260
length expelled the house.

36:29.100 --> 36:32.740
He afterwards embraced the doctrines of
the Reformation, which occasioned his

36:32.740 --> 36:34.580
arrest and final condemnation.

36:36.040 --> 36:39.400
A certain nobleman offered him his life,
if he would recant.

36:40.260 --> 36:44.400
"'If so,' said he, 'thou wilt dwell with
me, and if thou wilt set thy mind to

36:44.400 --> 36:48.760
marriage, I will procure thee a wife and a
farm and help to stuff and fit thy farm

36:48.760 --> 36:49.160
for thee.

36:49.480 --> 36:54.860
How sayest thou?' Palmer thanked him very
courteously, but very modestly and

36:54.860 --> 36:59.260
reverently concluded that, as he had
already in two places renounced his living

36:59.260 --> 37:03.720
for Christ's sake, so he would with God's
grace be ready to surrender and yield up

37:03.720 --> 37:06.660
his life also for the same when God should
send time.

37:08.000 --> 37:12.800
When Sir Richard perceived that he would
by no means relent, "'Well,' Palmer saith

37:12.800 --> 37:16.980
he, 'then I perceive one of us twain shall
be damned, for we be of two faiths,

37:17.320 --> 37:21.900
and certain I am there is but one faith
that leadeth to life and salvation.'

37:21.900 --> 37:26.960
Palmer replied, "'Oh, sir, I hope that we
both shall be saved.' "'Sir Richard,

37:27.260 --> 37:32.240
how may that be?' Palmer answered,
"'Right well, sir, for as it hath pleased

37:32.240 --> 37:36.680
our merciful Saviour, according to the
Gospel's parable, to call me at the third

37:36.680 --> 37:40.720
hour of the day, even in my flowers,
at the age of four and twenty years,

37:41.280 --> 37:45.260
even so I trust he hath called,
and will call you at the eleventh hour of

37:45.260 --> 37:50.760
this your old age, and give you
everlasting life for your portion.' Sir

37:50.760 --> 37:56.240
Richard questioned, "'Sayest thou so?'
"'Well, Palmer, well, I would I might have

37:56.240 --> 37:57.640
thee but one month in my house.

37:57.980 --> 38:02.520
I doubt not, but I would convert thee,
or thou shouldst convert me.' Then said

38:02.520 --> 38:07.300
Master Winchcombe, "'Take pity on thy
golden years and pleasant flowers of lusty

38:07.300 --> 38:12.520
youth before it be too late.' Palmer
countered, "'Sir, I long for those

38:12.520 --> 38:19.200
springing flowers that shall never fade
away.'" He was tried on the 15th of July,

38:19.360 --> 38:23.300
1556, together with one Thomas Askin,
fellow prisoner.

38:24.300 --> 38:28.900
Askin and one John Gwynne had been
sentenced the day before, and Mr. Palmer,

38:28.900 --> 38:31.600
on the 15th, was brought up for final
judgment.

38:32.480 --> 38:36.240
Execution was ordered to follow the
sentence, and at five o'clock in the same

38:36.240 --> 38:41.080
afternoon, at a place called the Sandpits,
these three martyrs were fastened to a

38:41.080 --> 38:41.380
stake.

38:42.060 --> 38:45.240
After devoutly praying together,
they sung the Thirty-First Psalm.

38:46.360 --> 38:50.140
When the fire was kindled and it had
seized their bodies, without an appearance

38:50.140 --> 38:54.520
of enduring pain, they continued to cry,
"'Lord Jesus, strengthen us!

38:54.680 --> 38:59.280
Lord Jesus, receive our souls!' until
animation was suspended and human

38:59.280 --> 39:00.460
suffering was passed.

39:01.880 --> 39:05.540
It is remarkable that when their heads had
fallen together in a mass, as it were,

39:05.600 --> 39:09.640
by the force of the flames, and the
spectators thought Palmer as lifeless,

39:10.060 --> 39:14.060
his tongue and lips again moved,
and were heard to pronounce the name of

39:14.060 --> 39:17.180
Jesus, to whom be glory and honour for
ever.

39:21.860 --> 39:28.560
Joan Waste and Others This poor,
honest woman, blind from her birth and

39:28.560 --> 39:33.280
unmarried, aged twenty-two, was of the
parish of All Hallows, Derby.

39:33.880 --> 39:37.900
Her father was a barber and also made
ropes for a living, in which she assisted

39:37.900 --> 39:41.040
him and also learned to knit several
articles of apparel.

39:42.220 --> 39:46.360
Refusing to communicate with those who
maintained doctrines contrary to those she

39:46.360 --> 39:50.860
had learned in the days of the pious
Edward, she was called before Dr. Dracot,

39:51.060 --> 39:55.300
the Chancellor of Bishop Blaine,
and Peter Finch, official of Derby.

39:56.420 --> 40:00.040
With sophistical arguments and threats
they endeavoured to confound the poor

40:00.040 --> 40:04.520
girl, but she proffered to yield to the
bishop's doctrine if he would answer for

40:04.520 --> 40:08.440
her at the day of judgment, as pious Dr.
Taylor had done in his sermons,

40:08.900 --> 40:11.900
that his belief of the real presence of
the sacrament was true.

40:12.860 --> 40:16.840
The bishop at first answered that he
would, but Dr. Dracot, reminding him that

40:16.840 --> 40:21.160
he might not in any way answer for a
heretic, he withdrew his confirmation of

40:21.160 --> 40:21.980
his own tenets.

40:22.720 --> 40:26.980
And she replied that if their consciences
would not permit them to answer at God's

40:26.980 --> 40:31.000
bar for that truth they wished her to
subscribe to, she would answer no more

40:31.000 --> 40:31.500
questions.

40:32.620 --> 40:36.880
Sentence was then adjudged, and Dr. Dracot
appointed to preach her condemned sermon,

40:37.300 --> 40:41.080
which took place August 1, 1556,
the day of her martyrdom.

40:42.040 --> 40:47.280
His fulminating discourse being finished,
the poor sightless object was taken to a

40:47.280 --> 40:52.100
place called Windmill Pit near the town,
where she for a time held her brother by

40:52.100 --> 40:56.180
the hand, and then prepared herself for
the fire, calling upon the pitying

40:56.180 --> 41:00.120
multitude to pray with her, and upon
Christ to have mercy upon her,

41:00.500 --> 41:04.100
until the glorious light of the
everlasting sun of righteousness beamed

41:04.100 --> 41:05.520
upon her departed spirit.

41:07.980 --> 41:12.440
In November, fifteen martyrs were
imprisoned in Canterbury Castle,

41:12.800 --> 41:15.160
of whom all were either burned or
famished.

41:15.940 --> 41:17.000
Among the latter were J.

41:17.100 --> 41:17.840
Clark, D.

41:17.960 --> 41:19.020
Chittenden, W.

41:19.160 --> 41:21.960
Foster of Stone, Alice Potkins,
and J.

41:22.060 --> 41:23.760
Archer of Cranbrook, Weaver.

41:24.480 --> 41:28.460
The two first of these had not received
condemnation, but the others were

41:28.460 --> 41:29.500
sentenced to the fire.

41:30.360 --> 41:35.700
Foster, at his examination, observed upon
the utility of carrying lighted candles

41:35.700 --> 41:40.520
about on Candlemas Day, that he might as
well carry a pitchfork, and that a gibbet

41:40.520 --> 41:42.320
would have as good an effect as the cross.

41:44.260 --> 41:48.520
We have now brought to a close the
sanguinary prescriptions of the Merciless

41:48.520 --> 41:53.720
Mary in the year 1556, the number of which
amounted to above eighty-four.

41:55.300 --> 42:00.340
The beginning of the year 1557 was
remarkable for the visit of Cardinal Pole

42:00.340 --> 42:03.900
to the University of Cambridge,
which seemed to stand in need of much

42:03.900 --> 42:07.280
cleansing from heretical preachers and
reformed doctrines.

42:08.100 --> 42:13.680
One object was also to play the popish
farce of trying Martin Butzer and Paulus

42:13.680 --> 42:18.240
Fagius, who had been buried about three or
four years, for which purpose the churches

42:18.240 --> 42:23.120
of St. Mary and St. Michael, where they
lay, were interdicted as vile and unholy

42:23.120 --> 42:27.900
places, unfit to worship God in until they
were perfumed and washed with the Pope's

42:27.900 --> 42:29.420
holy water, etc., etc.

42:30.020 --> 42:34.820
The trumpery act of citing these dead
reformers to appear, not having had the

42:34.820 --> 42:39.880
least effect upon them, on January 26,
sentence of condemnation was passed,

42:40.280 --> 42:44.480
part of which ran in this manner and may
serve as a specimen of proceedings of this

42:44.480 --> 42:44.820
nature.

42:45.800 --> 42:51.140
We therefore pronounce the said Martin
Butzer and Paulus Fagius excommunicated

42:51.140 --> 42:56.440
and anathematized, as well by the common
law as by letters of process, and that

42:56.440 --> 43:01.120
their memory be condemned, we also condemn
their bodies and bones, which in that

43:01.120 --> 43:05.640
wicked time of schism and other heresies
flourishing in this kingdom were rashly

43:05.640 --> 43:10.680
buried in holy ground, to be dug up and
cast far from the bodies and bones of the

43:10.680 --> 43:14.820
faithful, according to the holy canons,
and we command that they in their

43:14.820 --> 43:19.280
writings, if any be there found,
be publicly burned, and we interdict all

43:19.280 --> 43:24.580
persons whatsoever of this university,
town or places adjacent, who shall read or

43:24.580 --> 43:28.820
conceal their heretical book, as well by
the common law as by our letters of

43:28.820 --> 43:29.320
process.

43:30.740 --> 43:35.140
After the sentence thus read, the bishop
commanded their bodies to be dug out of

43:35.140 --> 43:39.600
their graves, and being degraded from holy
orders, delivered them into the hands of

43:39.600 --> 43:44.020
the secular power, for it was not lawful
for such innocent persons as they were,

43:44.340 --> 43:49.340
abhorring all bloodshed and detesting all
desire of murder, to put any man to death.

43:51.340 --> 43:56.140
February 6, the bodies, enclosed as they
were in chests, were carried into the

43:56.140 --> 44:00.500
midst of the marketplace at Cambridge,
accompanied by a vast concourse of people.

44:01.300 --> 44:05.400
A great post was set fast in the ground,
to which the chests were affixed with a

44:05.400 --> 44:10.760
large iron chain, and bound round their
centres, in the same manner as if the dead

44:10.760 --> 44:12.000
bodies had been alive.

44:13.240 --> 44:18.020
When the fire began to ascend and caught
the coffins, a number of condemned books

44:18.020 --> 44:20.180
were also launched into the flames and
burnt.

44:21.180 --> 44:25.540
Justice, however, was done to the memories
of these pious and learned men in Queen

44:25.540 --> 44:30.420
Elizabeth's reign, when Mr. Aquus,
orator of the university, and Mr. J.

44:30.680 --> 44:35.500
Pilkington pronounced orations in honour
of their memory and in reprobation of

44:35.500 --> 44:37.020
their Catholic persecutors.

44:38.960 --> 44:43.920
Cardinal Pole also inflicted his harmless
rage upon the dead body of Peter Martyr's

44:43.920 --> 44:48.180
wife, who, by his command, was dug out of
her grave and buried on a distant

44:48.180 --> 44:53.240
dunghill, partly because her bones lay
near St. Fridewide's relics, held once in

44:53.240 --> 44:57.460
great esteem in that college, and partly
because he wished to purify Oxford of

44:57.460 --> 44:59.700
heretical remains, as well as Cambridge.

45:00.800 --> 45:04.260
In the succeeding reign, however,
her remains were restored to their former

45:04.260 --> 45:08.560
cemetery, and even intermingled with those
of the Catholic Saint, to the utter

45:08.560 --> 45:12.720
astonishment and mortification of the
disciples of His Holiness the Pope.

45:14.760 --> 45:18.880
Cardinal Pole published a list of
fifty-four articles, containing

45:18.880 --> 45:23.020
instructions to the clergy of his Diocese
of Canterbury, some of which are too

45:23.020 --> 45:27.800
ludicrous and puerile to excite any other
sentiment than laughter in these days.

45:32.150 --> 45:38.070
Persecutions in the Diocese of Canterbury
In the month of February, the following

45:38.070 --> 45:39.670
persons were committed to prison.

45:40.950 --> 45:41.210
R.

45:41.290 --> 45:47.090
Coleman of Walden, labourer, Joan Winsley
of Horsley Magna, spinster, S.

45:47.170 --> 45:48.730
Glover of Raleigh, R.

45:48.810 --> 45:51.430
Clark of Much Holland, mariner,
W.

45:51.550 --> 45:57.270
Munt of Much Bentley, sawyer, Marjorie
Field of Ramsey, spinster, R.

45:57.370 --> 45:58.890
Bonger, courier, R.

45:58.950 --> 46:03.330
Jolly, mariner, Alan Simpson, Helen Uwire,
C.

46:03.450 --> 46:07.190
Pepper, widow, Alice Wally, who recanted,
W.

46:07.330 --> 46:10.450
Bonger, glazier, all of Colchester,
R.

46:10.530 --> 46:12.810
Atkin of Holstead, weaver, R.

46:12.910 --> 46:15.270
Barcock of Wilton, carpenter, R.

46:15.330 --> 46:18.210
George of West Barnholt, labourer,
R.

46:18.290 --> 46:20.630
Debenham of Debenham, weaver, C.

46:20.730 --> 46:25.050
Warren of Coxhall, spinster, Agnes
Whitlock of Dovercourt, spinster,

46:25.530 --> 46:27.630
Rose Allen, spinster, and T.

46:27.830 --> 46:30.090
Ferrisands, miner, both of Colchester.

46:31.430 --> 46:35.610
These persons were brought before Bonner,
who would have immediately sent them to

46:35.610 --> 46:40.390
execution, but Cardinal Poel was for more
merciful measures, and Bonner,

46:40.750 --> 46:44.170
in a letter of his to the Cardinal,
seems to be sensible that he had

46:44.170 --> 46:48.510
displeased him, for he has this
expression, I thought to have them all

46:48.510 --> 46:51.930
hither to Fulham, and to have given
sentence against them, nevertheless

46:51.930 --> 46:57.310
perceiving by my last doing that your
grace was offended, I thought it my duty

46:57.310 --> 46:59.850
before I proceeded further to inform your
grace.

47:00.950 --> 47:04.930
This circumstance verifies the account
that the Cardinal was a humane man,

47:05.270 --> 47:08.910
and though a zealous Catholic,
we as Protestants are willing to render

47:08.910 --> 47:11.850
him that honour which his merciful
character deserves.

47:12.730 --> 47:17.310
Some of the bitter persecutors denounced
him to the Pope as a favourer of heretics,

47:17.790 --> 47:22.510
and he was summoned to Rome, but Queen
Mary, by particular entreaty, procured his

47:22.510 --> 47:22.870
stay.

47:23.730 --> 47:27.210
However, before his latter end,
and a little before his last journey from

47:27.210 --> 47:31.710
Rome to England, he was strongly suspected
of favouring the doctrine of Luther.

47:34.110 --> 47:39.310
As in the last sacrifice four women did
honour to the truth, so in the following

47:39.310 --> 47:43.350
autodafé, we have the like number of
females and males who suffered,

47:43.710 --> 47:48.650
June 30, 1557, at Canterbury, and were J.

47:48.790 --> 47:49.850
Fishcock, F.

47:49.950 --> 47:50.710
White, N.

47:50.790 --> 47:55.770
Pardew, Barbara Finell, widow,
Barbridge's widow, Wilson's wife,

47:55.970 --> 47:57.150
and Bendon's wife.

47:58.310 --> 48:03.510
Of this group we shall more particularly
notice Alice Bendon, wife of Edward Bender

48:03.510 --> 48:04.790
of Staplehurst, Kent.

48:05.530 --> 48:10.850
She had been taken up in October 1556 for
non-attendance, and released upon a strong

48:10.850 --> 48:12.510
injunction to mind her conduct.

48:13.410 --> 48:17.310
Her husband was a bigoted Catholic,
and publicly speaking of his wife's

48:17.310 --> 48:22.270
contumacy, she was conveyed to Canterbury
Castle, where, knowing when she should be

48:22.270 --> 48:25.870
removed to the bishop's prison,
she should be almost starved upon three

48:25.870 --> 48:30.030
farthings a day, she endeavoured to
prepare herself for this suffering by

48:30.030 --> 48:31.970
living upon Tuppence-Hapenny per day.

48:33.710 --> 48:39.430
On January 22, 1557, her husband wrote to
the bishop that if his wife's brother,

48:39.530 --> 48:43.790
Roger Hall, were to be kept from consoling
and relieving her, she might turn.

48:44.590 --> 48:47.890
On this account she was moved to a prison
called Monday's Hole.

48:48.690 --> 48:52.050
Her brother sought diligently for her,
and at the end of five weeks

48:52.050 --> 48:56.310
providentially heard her voice in the
dungeon, but could not otherwise relieve

48:56.310 --> 49:00.190
her than by putting some money in a loaf,
and sticking it on a long pole.

49:01.490 --> 49:05.650
Dreadful must have been the situation of
this poor victim, lying on straw between

49:05.650 --> 49:10.270
stone walls without a change of apparel,
or the meanest requisites of cleanliness

49:10.270 --> 49:12.150
during a period of nine weeks.

49:13.850 --> 49:18.530
On March 25, she was summoned before the
bishop, who, with rewards, offered her

49:18.530 --> 49:20.550
liberty if she would go home and be
comfortable.

49:21.630 --> 49:26.150
But Mrs. Benden had been inured to
suffering, and showing him her contracted

49:26.150 --> 49:30.070
limbs and emaciated appearance,
refused to swerve from the truth.

49:31.230 --> 49:35.390
She was, however, removed from this black
hole to the West Gate, whence about the

49:35.390 --> 49:38.970
end of April she was taken out to be
condemned, and then committed to the

49:38.970 --> 49:42.370
castle prison until the 19th of June,
the day of her burning.

49:43.710 --> 49:48.250
At the stake she gave her handkerchief to
one John Banks as a memorial, and from her

49:48.250 --> 49:52.670
waist she drew a white lace, desiring him
to give it to her brother, and telling him

49:52.670 --> 49:57.250
that it was the last band that had bound
her, except the chain, and to her father

49:57.250 --> 49:59.130
she returned a shilling he had sent her.

50:01.050 --> 50:05.350
The whole of these seven martyrs undressed
themselves with alacrity, and being

50:05.350 --> 50:10.030
prepared, knelt down and prayed with an
earnestness and Christian spirit that even

50:10.030 --> 50:12.030
the enemies of the cross were affected.

50:13.810 --> 50:17.110
After invocation made together,
they were secured to the stake,

50:17.530 --> 50:21.910
and being encompassed with the unsparing
flames, they yielded their souls into the

50:21.910 --> 50:23.110
hands of the living Lord.

50:24.850 --> 50:29.710
Matthew Plays, Weaver, a sincere and
shrewd Christian of stone, Kent,

50:30.190 --> 50:33.890
was brought before Thomas, Bishop of
Dover, and other inquisitors, whom he

50:33.890 --> 50:38.450
ingeniously teased by his indirect
answers, of which the following is a

50:38.450 --> 50:38.810
specimen.

50:40.830 --> 50:42.690
Dr. Hopsfield began.

50:43.650 --> 50:47.170
Christ called the bread his body,
what dost thou say it is?

50:47.850 --> 50:51.710
Plays said, I do believe it was that which
he gave them.

50:52.610 --> 50:55.050
Dr. H, what was that?

50:55.810 --> 50:57.510
Plays, that which he break.

50:57.970 --> 51:00.030
Dr. H, what did he break?

51:00.850 --> 51:02.610
Plays, that which he took.

51:03.070 --> 51:04.830
Dr. H, what did he take?

51:05.410 --> 51:08.850
Plays, I say what he gave them,
that they did eat indeed.

51:09.530 --> 51:14.530
Dr. H, well then thou say'st it was but
bread which the disciples did eat.

51:15.470 --> 51:19.690
Plays, I say what he gave them,
that did they eat indeed.

51:21.190 --> 51:24.890
A very long disputation followed,
in which Plays was desired to humble

51:24.890 --> 51:26.870
himself to the bishop, but this he
refused.

51:27.670 --> 51:31.890
Whether this zealous person died in
prison, was executed or delivered,

51:32.390 --> 51:33.530
history does not mention.

51:36.470 --> 51:43.350
The Reverend John Hullier Reverend John
Hullier was brought up at Eton College,

51:43.610 --> 51:47.810
and in process of time became curate of
Babram, three miles from Cambridge,

51:47.970 --> 51:52.470
and went afterward to Lynn, where opposing
the superstition of the Papists,

51:52.550 --> 51:56.570
he was carried before Dr. Thirlby,
Bishop of Ely, and sent to Cambridge

51:56.570 --> 51:57.030
Castle.

51:57.630 --> 52:02.370
Here he lay for a time, and was then sent
to Tolbooth Prison, where after three

52:02.370 --> 52:06.330
months he was brought to St. Mary's
Church, and condemned by Dr. Fuller.

52:07.170 --> 52:09.510
On Maundy Thursday he was brought to the
stake.

52:10.290 --> 52:13.650
While undressing he told the people to
bear witness that he was about to suffer

52:13.650 --> 52:18.410
in a just cause, and exhorted them to
believe that there was no other rock than

52:18.410 --> 52:19.990
Jesus Christ to build upon.

52:20.890 --> 52:24.930
A priest named Boyes then desired the
Mayor to silence him.

52:25.770 --> 52:30.090
After praying he went meekly to the stake,
and being bound with a chain and placed in

52:30.090 --> 52:34.510
a pitch barrel, fire was applied to the
reeds and wood, but the wind drove the

52:34.510 --> 52:38.930
fire directly to his back, which caused
him, under the severe agony, to pray the

52:38.930 --> 52:39.730
more fervently.

52:40.750 --> 52:44.870
His friends directed the executioner to
fire the pile to windward of his face,

52:44.950 --> 52:46.050
which was immediately done.

52:47.270 --> 52:50.950
A quantity of books were now thrown into
the fire, one of which, the communion

52:50.950 --> 52:55.310
service, he caught, opened it,
and joyfully continued to read it,

52:55.310 --> 52:57.930
until the fire and smoke deprived him of
sight.

52:58.610 --> 53:03.470
Then, even in earnest prayer, he pressed
the book to his heart, thanking God for

53:03.470 --> 53:06.330
bestowing on him in his last moment this
precious gift.

53:07.850 --> 53:12.230
The day being hot, the fire burned
fiercely, and at a time when the

53:12.230 --> 53:16.070
spectators supposed he was no more,
he suddenly exclaimed, Lord Jesus,

53:16.210 --> 53:19.390
receive my spirit, and meekly resigned his
life.

53:20.390 --> 53:24.210
He was burnt on Jesus Green, not far from
Jesus College.

53:25.010 --> 53:28.630
He had gunpowder given him, but he was
dead before it became ignited.

53:29.650 --> 53:34.750
This pious sufferer afforded a singular
spectacle, for his flesh was so burnt from

53:34.750 --> 53:39.190
the bones, which continued erect,
that he presented the idea of a skeleton

53:39.190 --> 53:40.610
figure chained to the stake.

53:41.390 --> 53:45.170
His remains were eagerly seized by the
multitude, and venerated by all who

53:45.170 --> 53:48.710
admired his piety, or detested inhuman
bigotry.

53:52.070 --> 53:55.750
Simon Miller and Elizabeth Cooper,
in the following month of July,

53:55.930 --> 53:57.510
received the crown of martyrdom.

53:58.870 --> 54:03.170
Miller dwelt at Lynn, and came to Norwich,
where planting himself at the door of one

54:03.170 --> 54:07.330
of the churches, as the people came out,
he requested to know of them where he

54:07.330 --> 54:08.770
could go to receive the communion.

54:09.730 --> 54:13.470
For this, a priest brought him before Dr.
Dunning, who committed him to ward,

54:13.910 --> 54:18.010
but he was suffered to go home and arrange
his affairs, after which he returned to

54:18.010 --> 54:22.390
the bishop's house, and to his prison,
where he remained until the 13th of July,

54:22.630 --> 54:23.550
the day of his burning.

54:25.470 --> 54:31.210
Elizabeth Cooper, wife of a puterer of St.
Andrew's, Norwich, had recanted,

54:31.690 --> 54:36.350
that tortured for what she done by the
worm which dieth not, she shortly after

54:36.350 --> 54:40.210
voluntarily entered her parish church
during the time of the popish service,

54:40.790 --> 54:44.670
and standing up audibly proclaimed that
she revoked her former recantation,

54:45.070 --> 54:47.890
and cautioned the people to avoid her
unworthy example.

54:48.870 --> 54:53.070
She was taken from her own house by Mr.
Sutton, the sheriff, who very reluctantly

54:53.070 --> 54:56.770
complied with the letter of the law,
as they had been servants and in

54:56.770 --> 54:57.550
friendship together.

54:58.550 --> 55:02.790
At the stake, the poor sufferer feeling
the fire, uttered the cry of, Oh!

55:03.170 --> 55:08.150
upon which Mr. Miller, putting his hand
behind him towards her, desired her to be

55:08.150 --> 55:12.250
of a good courage, for said he,
Good sister, we shall have a joyful and a

55:12.250 --> 55:12.870
sweet supper.

55:14.090 --> 55:18.310
Encouraged by this example and
exhortation, she stood the fiery ordeal

55:18.310 --> 55:22.870
without flinching, and with him proved the
power of faith over the flesh.

55:26.720 --> 55:32.660
Executions at Colchester It was before
mention that twenty-two persons had been

55:32.660 --> 55:36.900
sent up from Colchester, who upon a slight
submission were afterwards released.

55:37.860 --> 55:43.140
Of these, William Munt of Much Bentley,
husbandman, with Alice his wife and Rose

55:43.140 --> 55:48.180
Allen her daughter, upon their return home
abstained from church, which induced the

55:48.180 --> 55:50.560
bigoted priest secretly to write to
Bonner.

55:51.620 --> 55:57.460
For a short time they absconded,
but returning again, March 7, one Edmund

55:57.460 --> 56:01.280
Tyrrell, a relation of the Tyrrell who
murdered King Edward V and his brother,

56:01.680 --> 56:05.360
with the officers, entered the house while
Munt and his wife were in bed,

56:05.660 --> 56:08.300
and informed them that they must go to
Colchester Castle.

56:09.880 --> 56:13.960
Mrs. Munt, at that time being very ill,
requested her daughter to get her some

56:13.960 --> 56:14.360
drink.

56:15.020 --> 56:19.300
Leave being permitted, Rose took a candle
and a mug, and in returning through the

56:19.300 --> 56:23.420
house was met by Tyrrell, who cautioned
her to advise her parents to become good

56:23.420 --> 56:23.940
Catholics.

56:25.180 --> 56:28.340
Rose briefly informed him that they had
the Holy Ghost for their advisor,

56:28.680 --> 56:31.860
and that she was ready to lay down her own
life for the same cause.

56:32.960 --> 56:37.020
Turning to his company, he remarked that
she was willing to burn, and one of them

56:37.020 --> 56:39.720
told him to prove her and see what she
would do by and by.

56:40.600 --> 56:45.020
The unfeeling wretch immediately executed
this project, and seizing the young woman

56:45.020 --> 56:49.880
by the wrist, he held the lighted candle
under her hand, burning it crosswise on

56:49.880 --> 56:54.420
the back until the tendons divided from
the flesh, during which he loaded her with

56:54.420 --> 56:55.880
many opprobrious epithets.

56:56.600 --> 57:00.800
She endured his rage unmoved, and then,
when he had ceased the torture,

57:01.260 --> 57:04.720
she asked him to begin at her feet or
head, for he need not fear that his

57:04.720 --> 57:06.680
employer would one day repay him.

57:07.600 --> 57:09.260
After this, she took the drink to her
mother.

57:10.560 --> 57:13.740
This cruel act of torture does not stand
alone on record.

57:15.100 --> 57:19.960
Bonner had served a poor blind harper in
nearly the same manner, who had steadily

57:19.960 --> 57:23.740
maintained a hope that if every joint of
him were to be burned, he should not fly

57:23.740 --> 57:24.500
from the faith.

57:25.480 --> 57:30.160
Bonner, upon this, privately made a signal
to his men to bring a burning coal,

57:30.600 --> 57:34.920
which they placed in the poor man's hand,
and then by force held it closed until it

57:34.920 --> 57:36.420
burned into the flesh deeply.

57:38.880 --> 57:43.540
George Eagle's tailor was indicted for
having prayed that God would turn Queen

57:43.540 --> 57:45.200
Mary's heart or take her away.

57:46.000 --> 57:50.480
The ostensible cause of his death was his
religion, for treason could hardly be

57:50.480 --> 57:54.680
imagined in praying for the reformation of
such an execrable soul as that of Mary.

57:55.560 --> 57:59.020
Being condemned for this crime,
he was drawn to the place of execution

57:59.020 --> 58:02.200
upon a sledge with two robbers,
who were executed with him.

58:03.220 --> 58:07.120
After Eagles had mounted the ladder and
had been turned off a short time,

58:07.560 --> 58:09.940
he was cut down before he was at all
insensible.

58:10.500 --> 58:13.600
A bailiff, named William Swallow,
then dragged him to the sledge,

58:14.060 --> 58:16.880
and with a common blunt cleaver hacked off
the head.

58:17.500 --> 58:22.240
In a manner equally clumsy and cruel,
he opened his body and tore out the heart.

58:23.880 --> 58:27.940
In all this suffering, the poor martyr
repined not, but to the last called upon

58:27.940 --> 58:28.580
his Saviour.

58:29.840 --> 58:32.420
The fury of these bigots did not end here.

58:32.840 --> 58:37.180
The intestines were burnt and the body was
quartered, the four parts being sent to

58:37.180 --> 58:40.280
Colchester, Harwich, Chelmsford,
and St. Rouse's.

58:41.180 --> 58:45.240
Chelmsford had the honour of retaining his
head, which was affixed to a long pole in

58:45.240 --> 58:46.100
the market place.

58:46.680 --> 58:51.360
In time, it was blown down and lay several
days in the street, until it was buried at

58:51.360 --> 58:52.560
night in the churchyard.

58:53.400 --> 58:57.760
God's judgment not long after fell upon
Swallow, who in his old age became a

58:57.760 --> 59:01.220
beggar, and who was affected with a
leprosy that made him obnoxious even to

59:01.220 --> 59:02.300
the animal creation.

59:03.220 --> 59:08.080
Nor did Richard Potts, who troubled Eagles
in his dying moments, escape the visiting

59:08.080 --> 59:08.840
hand of God.

59:11.920 --> 59:16.880
Mrs. Joyce Lewis This lady was the wife of
Mr. T.

59:17.000 --> 59:18.100
Lewis of Manchester.

59:18.980 --> 59:23.020
She had received the Romish religion as
true until the burning of that pious

59:23.020 --> 59:25.220
martyr Mr. Saunders at Coventry.

59:26.180 --> 59:30.840
Understanding that his death arose from a
refusal to receive the Mass, she began to

59:30.840 --> 59:35.200
inquire into the ground of his refusal,
and her conscience, as it began to be

59:35.200 --> 59:37.460
enlightened, became restless and alarmed.

59:38.340 --> 59:43.820
In this inquietude, she resorted to Mr.
John Glover, who lived near, and requested

59:43.820 --> 59:47.540
that he would unfold those rich sources of
gospel knowledge he possessed,

59:47.720 --> 59:50.440
particularly upon the subject of
transubstantiation.

59:51.380 --> 59:56.360
He easily succeeded in convincing her that
the mummery of potpourri and the Mass were

59:56.360 --> 01:00:00.820
at variance with God's most holy word,
and honestly reproved her for following

01:00:00.820 --> 01:00:03.020
too much the vanities of a wicked world.

01:00:03.840 --> 01:00:08.480
It was to her, indeed, a word in season,
for she soon became weary of her former

01:00:08.480 --> 01:00:12.800
sinful life, and resolved to abandon the
Mass and deleterious worship.

01:00:13.860 --> 01:00:18.600
Compelled by her husband's violence to go
to church, her contempt of the holy water

01:00:18.600 --> 01:00:23.040
and other ceremonies was so manifest that
she was accused before the bishop for

01:00:23.040 --> 01:00:24.660
despising the sacramentals.

01:00:26.080 --> 01:00:30.520
A citation addressed to her immediately
followed, which was given to Mr. Lewis,

01:00:30.520 --> 01:00:34.560
who in a fit of passion held a dagger to
the throat of the officer and made him eat

01:00:34.560 --> 01:00:38.160
it, after which he caused him to drink it
down and then sent him away.

01:00:39.480 --> 01:00:43.280
But for this the bishop summoned Mr. Lewis
before him as well as his wife.

01:00:43.800 --> 01:00:48.000
The former readily submitted, but the
latter resolutely affirmed that in

01:00:48.000 --> 01:00:52.280
refusing holy water she neither offended
God nor any part of his laws.

01:00:52.980 --> 01:00:56.040
She was sent home for a month,
her husband being bound for her

01:00:56.040 --> 01:01:00.560
appearance, during which time Mr. Glover
impressed upon her the necessity of doing

01:01:00.560 --> 01:01:04.800
what she did, not from self-vanity,
but for the honour and glory of God.

01:01:06.700 --> 01:01:11.840
Mr. Glover and others earnestly exalted
Lewis to forfeit the money he was bound

01:01:11.840 --> 01:01:14.460
in, rather than subject his wife to
certain death.

01:01:15.120 --> 01:01:18.720
But he was deaf to the voice of humanity
and delivered her over to the bishop,

01:01:19.340 --> 01:01:23.760
who soon found sufficient cause to consign
her to a loathsome prison when she was

01:01:23.760 --> 01:01:25.540
several times brought for examination.

01:01:26.880 --> 01:01:30.640
At the last time the bishop reasoned with
her upon the fitness of her coming to Mass

01:01:30.640 --> 01:01:35.040
and receiving as sacred the sacrament and
sacramentals of the Holy Ghost.

01:01:36.020 --> 01:01:41.240
If these things were in the word of God,
said Mrs. Lewis, I would with all my heart

01:01:41.240 --> 01:01:43.440
receive, believe, and esteem them.

01:01:44.340 --> 01:01:49.420
The bishop, with the most ignorant and
impious effrontery, replied, If thou wilt

01:01:49.420 --> 01:01:52.980
believe no more than what is warranted by
scriptures, thou art in a state of

01:01:52.980 --> 01:01:53.560
damnation.

01:01:55.200 --> 01:01:59.560
Astonished at such a declaration,
this worthy sufferer ably rejoined that

01:01:59.560 --> 01:02:02.220
his words were as impure as they were
profane.

01:02:04.960 --> 01:02:09.100
After condemnation, she lay a twelve month
in prison, the sheriff not being willing

01:02:09.100 --> 01:02:12.460
to put her to death in his time,
though he had been but just chosen.

01:02:13.460 --> 01:02:17.160
When her death warrant came from London,
she sent for some friends, whom she

01:02:17.160 --> 01:02:21.780
consulted in what manner her death might
be more glorious to the name of God and

01:02:21.780 --> 01:02:23.740
injurious to the cause of God's enemies.

01:02:24.900 --> 01:02:28.460
Smilingly, she said, As for death,
I think but lightly of.

01:02:28.960 --> 01:02:32.440
When I know that I shall behold the
amiable countenance of Christ my dear

01:02:32.440 --> 01:02:35.780
Saviour, the ugly face of death does not
much trouble me.

01:02:37.520 --> 01:02:41.400
The evening before she suffered,
two priests were anxious to visit her,

01:02:41.480 --> 01:02:45.860
but she refused both their confession and
absolution when she could hold a better

01:02:45.860 --> 01:02:47.920
communication with the high priest of
souls.

01:02:49.600 --> 01:02:54.440
About three o'clock in the morning,
Satan began to shoot his fiery darts by

01:02:54.440 --> 01:02:58.800
putting into her mind to doubt whether she
was chosen to eternal life, and Christ

01:02:58.800 --> 01:02:59.580
died for her.

01:03:00.420 --> 01:03:04.440
Her friends readily pointed out to her
those consolatory passages of scripture

01:03:04.440 --> 01:03:09.560
which comfort the fainting heart and treat
of the Redeemer who taketh away the sins

01:03:09.560 --> 01:03:10.160
of the world.

01:03:11.860 --> 01:03:15.400
About eight o'clock, the sheriff announced
to her that she had but an hour to live.

01:03:16.020 --> 01:03:20.780
She was at first cast down, but this soon
passed away, and she thanked God that her

01:03:20.780 --> 01:03:22.920
life was about to be devoted to his
service.

01:03:24.040 --> 01:03:28.020
The sheriff granted permission for two
friends to accompany her to the stake,

01:03:28.380 --> 01:03:31.200
an indulgence for which she was afterwards
severely handled.

01:03:32.080 --> 01:03:36.980
Mr. Reniger and Mr. Burner led her to the
place of execution, in going to which,

01:03:37.040 --> 01:03:41.020
from its distance, her great weakness and
the press of the people she had nearly

01:03:41.020 --> 01:03:41.600
fainted.

01:03:42.440 --> 01:03:47.120
Three times she prayed fervently that God
would deliver the land from potpourri and

01:03:47.120 --> 01:03:51.280
the idolatrous mass, and the people for
the most part, as well as the sheriff,

01:03:51.440 --> 01:03:52.080
said Amen.

01:03:53.520 --> 01:03:57.100
When she had prayed, she took the cup
which had been filled with water to

01:03:57.100 --> 01:04:02.260
refresh her and said, I drink to all them
that unfeignedly love the gospel of Christ

01:04:02.260 --> 01:04:04.300
and wish for the abolition of potpourri.

01:04:05.320 --> 01:04:09.640
Her friends and a great many women of the
place drank with her, for which most of

01:04:09.640 --> 01:04:11.720
them afterward were enjoined penance.

01:04:13.240 --> 01:04:17.380
When chained to the stake, her countenance
was cheerful, and the roses of her cheeks

01:04:17.380 --> 01:04:18.220
were not abated.

01:04:19.100 --> 01:04:22.840
Her hands were extended towards heaven
until the fire rendered them powerless,

01:04:23.520 --> 01:04:26.320
when her soul was received into the arms
of the Creator.

01:04:27.140 --> 01:04:31.840
The duration of her agony was but short,
as the undersheriff, at the request of her

01:04:31.840 --> 01:04:36.480
friends, had prepared such excellent fuel
that she was in a few minutes overwhelmed

01:04:36.480 --> 01:04:37.700
with smoke and flame.

01:04:38.640 --> 01:04:42.920
The case of this lady drew a tear of pity
from everyone who had a heart not callous

01:04:42.920 --> 01:04:43.620
to humanity.

01:04:48.170 --> 01:04:54.090
Executions at Islington About the 17th of
September suffered at Islington the

01:04:54.090 --> 01:04:59.090
following four Professors of Christ,
Ralph Allerton, James Austu, Marjorie

01:04:59.090 --> 01:05:00.610
Austu, and Richard Roth.

01:05:02.490 --> 01:05:07.750
James Austu and his wife, of St. All
Hallows, Barking, London, were sentenced

01:05:07.750 --> 01:05:09.350
for not believing in the Presence.

01:05:09.990 --> 01:05:14.610
Richard Roth rejected the Seven Sacraments
and was accused of comforting the heretics

01:05:14.610 --> 01:05:18.510
by the following letter, written in his
own blood, and intended to have been sent

01:05:18.510 --> 01:05:19.830
to his friends at Colchester.

01:05:21.430 --> 01:05:26.590
O dear Brethren and Sisters, How much
reason have you to rejoice in God,

01:05:26.710 --> 01:05:30.910
that he hath given you such faith to
overcome this bloodthirsty tyrant thus

01:05:30.910 --> 01:05:31.250
far!

01:05:32.030 --> 01:05:36.350
And no doubt, he that hath begun that good
work in you will fulfil it unto the end.

01:05:36.910 --> 01:05:41.390
O dear hearts in Christ, what a crown of
glory shall you receive with Christ in the

01:05:41.390 --> 01:05:42.150
Kingdom of God!

01:05:42.890 --> 01:05:46.390
O that it had been the goodwill of God
that I had been ready to have gone with

01:05:46.390 --> 01:05:46.570
you!

01:05:47.030 --> 01:05:52.050
For I lie in my Lord's little ease by day,
and in the night I lie in the coal-house

01:05:52.050 --> 01:05:56.370
apart from Ralph Allerton or any other,
and we look every day when we shall be

01:05:56.370 --> 01:06:00.570
condemned, for he said that I should be
burned within ten days before Easter,

01:06:01.050 --> 01:06:04.810
but I lie still at the pool's brink,
and every man goeth in before me.

01:06:05.630 --> 01:06:10.090
But we abide patiently the Lord's leisure,
with many bonds, in fetters and stocks,

01:06:10.090 --> 01:06:12.930
by which we have received great joy of
God.

01:06:13.710 --> 01:06:17.770
And now fare you well, dear brethren and
sisters, in this world, but I trust to see

01:06:17.770 --> 01:06:19.310
you in the heavens face to face.

01:06:20.530 --> 01:06:24.910
O brother Munt, with your wife and my
sister Rose, how blessed are you in the

01:06:24.910 --> 01:06:29.310
Lord that God hath found you worthy to
suffer for his sake, with all the rest of

01:06:29.310 --> 01:06:31.890
my dear brethren and sisters, known and
unknown!

01:06:32.530 --> 01:06:34.470
O be joyful, even unto death.

01:06:34.950 --> 01:06:38.290
Fear it not, saith Christ, for I have
overcome death.

01:06:38.990 --> 01:06:44.050
O dear heart, seeing that Jesus Christ
will be our help, O tarry you the Lord's

01:06:44.050 --> 01:06:44.350
leisure.

01:06:44.770 --> 01:06:48.610
Be strong, let your hearts be of good
comfort, and wait you still for the Lord.

01:06:49.070 --> 01:06:50.270
He is at hand.

01:06:50.930 --> 01:06:54.830
Yea, the angel of the Lord pitcheth his
tent round about them that fear him,

01:06:55.110 --> 01:06:57.550
and delivereth them which way he seeth
best.

01:06:58.070 --> 01:07:02.410
For our lives are in the Lord's hands,
and they can do nothing unto us before God

01:07:02.410 --> 01:07:02.990
suffer them.

01:07:03.470 --> 01:07:04.990
Therefore give all thanks to God.

01:07:06.130 --> 01:07:10.570
O dear heart, you shall be clothed in long
white garments upon the mount of Zion,

01:07:11.110 --> 01:07:15.050
with the multitude of saints, and with
Jesus Christ our Saviour, who will never

01:07:15.050 --> 01:07:15.790
forsake us.

01:07:16.510 --> 01:07:21.810
O blessed virgins, ye have played the wise
virgin's part, in that ye have taken oil

01:07:21.810 --> 01:07:25.750
in your lamps, that ye may go in with the
bridegroom when he cometh, into the

01:07:25.750 --> 01:07:27.210
everlasting joy with him.

01:07:27.850 --> 01:07:31.430
But as for the foolish, they shall be shut
out, because they made not themselves

01:07:31.430 --> 01:07:35.270
ready to suffer with Christ, neither go
about to take up his cross.

01:07:35.990 --> 01:07:39.730
O dear hearts, how precious shall your
death be in the sight of the Lord,

01:07:40.050 --> 01:07:41.970
for dear is the death of his saints.

01:07:42.530 --> 01:07:46.790
O fare you well, and pray, the grace of
our Lord Jesus Christ be with you all.

01:07:47.110 --> 01:07:48.470
Amen, amen.

01:07:48.810 --> 01:07:50.690
Pray, pray, pray.

01:07:51.190 --> 01:07:54.530
Written by me with my own blood,
Richard Roth.

01:07:56.650 --> 01:08:01.170
This letter, so justly denominating
Bonner, the bloodthirsty tyrant,

01:08:01.350 --> 01:08:03.390
was not likely to excite his compassion.

01:08:04.410 --> 01:08:08.390
Roth accused him of bringing them to
secret examination by night, because he

01:08:08.390 --> 01:08:09.910
was afraid of the people by day.

01:08:10.670 --> 01:08:15.490
Resisting every temptation to recant,
he was condemned, and on September 17,

01:08:15.690 --> 01:08:21.210
1557, these four martyrs perished at
Islington for the testimony of the Lamb,

01:08:21.650 --> 01:08:24.730
who was slain, that they might be of the
redeemed of God.

01:08:26.730 --> 01:08:31.930
John Noyes, a shoemaker of Laxfield,
Suffolk, was taken to Aye, and at

01:08:31.930 --> 01:08:37.410
midnight, September 21, 1557, he was
brought from Aye to Laxfield to be burned.

01:08:38.290 --> 01:08:41.610
On the following morning, he was led to
the stake, prepared for the horrid

01:08:41.610 --> 01:08:42.250
sacrifice.

01:08:43.150 --> 01:08:47.530
Mr. Noyes, on coming to the fatal spot,
knelt down, prayed, and rehearsed the

01:08:47.530 --> 01:08:48.450
fiftieth psalm.

01:08:49.050 --> 01:08:52.890
When the chain enveloped him, he said,
Fear not them that kill the body,

01:08:52.990 --> 01:08:57.390
but fear him that can kill both body and
soul, and cast it into everlasting fire.

01:08:58.490 --> 01:09:03.470
As one cadman placed a faggot against him,
he blessed the hour in which he was born

01:09:03.470 --> 01:09:08.210
to die for the truth, and while trusting
only upon the all-sufficient merits of the

01:09:08.210 --> 01:09:12.990
Redeemer, fire was set to the pile,
and the blazing faggots in a short time

01:09:12.990 --> 01:09:17.750
stifled his last words, Lord have mercy on
me, Christ have mercy upon me.

01:09:18.250 --> 01:09:22.870
The ashes of the body were buried in a
pit, and with them one of his feet,

01:09:23.230 --> 01:09:25.650
whole to the ankle, with the stocking on.

01:09:30.350 --> 01:09:36.610
Mrs. Cicely Ormes This young martyr,
aged twenty-two, was the wife of Mr.

01:09:36.690 --> 01:09:39.690
Edmund Ormes, worsted weaver of St.
Lawrence, Norwich.

01:09:40.810 --> 01:09:45.150
At the death of Miller and Elizabeth
Cooper before mentioned, she had said that

01:09:45.150 --> 01:09:47.710
she would pledge them at the same cup they
drank of.

01:09:48.510 --> 01:09:52.210
For these words she was brought to the
Chancellor, who would have discharged her

01:09:52.210 --> 01:09:55.270
upon promising to go to church and to keep
her belief to herself.

01:09:56.070 --> 01:09:59.730
As she would not consent to this,
the Chancellor urged that he had shown

01:09:59.730 --> 01:10:04.290
more lenity to her than any other person,
and was unwilling to condemn her because

01:10:04.290 --> 01:10:06.050
she was an ignorant, foolish woman.

01:10:06.750 --> 01:10:10.970
To this she replied, perhaps with more
shrewdness than he expected, that however

01:10:10.970 --> 01:10:15.410
great his desire might be to spare her
sinful flesh, it could not equal her

01:10:15.410 --> 01:10:18.130
inclination to surrender it up in so great
a quarrel.

01:10:19.090 --> 01:10:24.070
The Chancellor then pronounced the fiery
sentence, and September 23, 1557,

01:10:24.250 --> 01:10:26.510
she was brought to the stake at eight o
'clock in the morning.

01:10:27.850 --> 01:10:31.850
After declaring her faith to the people,
she laid her hand on the stake and said,

01:10:32.170 --> 01:10:33.590
Welcome thou cross of Christ.

01:10:34.290 --> 01:10:38.010
Her hand was sooted in doing this,
for it was the same stake at which Miller

01:10:38.010 --> 01:10:42.350
and Cooper were burned, and she at first
wiped it, but directly after again

01:10:42.350 --> 01:10:45.450
welcomed and embraced it as the sweet
cross of Christ.

01:10:46.590 --> 01:10:51.070
After the tormentors had kindled the fire,
she said, My soul doth magnify the Lord,

01:10:51.150 --> 01:10:53.610
and my spirit doth rejoice in God my
Saviour.

01:10:54.690 --> 01:10:57.830
Then crossing her hands upon her breast,
and looking upwards with the utmost

01:10:57.830 --> 01:11:00.350
serenity, she stood the fiery furnace.

01:11:01.030 --> 01:11:05.670
Her hands continued gradually to rise,
until the sinews were dried, and then they

01:11:05.670 --> 01:11:05.990
fell.

01:11:06.590 --> 01:11:11.110
She uttered no sigh of pain, but yielded
her life, an emblem of that celestial

01:11:11.110 --> 01:11:14.510
paradise in which is the presence of God,
blessed for ever.

01:11:16.210 --> 01:11:20.450
It might be contended that this martyr
voluntarily sought her own death,

01:11:20.790 --> 01:11:24.290
as the Chancellor scarcely exacted any
other penance of her than to keep her

01:11:24.290 --> 01:11:25.170
belief to herself.

01:11:26.030 --> 01:11:30.370
Yet it should seem in this instance as if
God had chosen her to be a shining light.

01:11:30.910 --> 01:11:35.190
For a twelve months before she was taken,
she had recanted, but she was wretched

01:11:35.190 --> 01:11:38.910
until the Chancellor was informed by
letter that she repented of her

01:11:38.910 --> 01:11:40.950
recantation from the bottom of her heart.

01:11:41.890 --> 01:11:45.630
As if to compensate for her former
apostasy, and to convince the Catholics

01:11:45.630 --> 01:11:50.810
that she meant to more than compromise for
her personal security, she boldly refused

01:11:50.810 --> 01:11:53.070
his friendly offer of permitting her to
temporize.

01:11:53.870 --> 01:11:58.130
Her courage in such a cause deserves
commendation, the cause of him who has

01:11:58.130 --> 01:12:03.350
said, Whoever is ashamed of me on earth,
of such will I be ashamed in heaven.

01:12:06.210 --> 01:12:11.130
Reverend John Ruff This pious martyr was a
Scotchman.

01:12:11.910 --> 01:12:15.910
At the age of seventeen he entered himself
as one of the Order of Blackfriars at

01:12:15.910 --> 01:12:17.070
Stirling in Scotland.

01:12:18.010 --> 01:12:22.170
He had been kept out of an inheritance by
his friends, and he took this step in

01:12:22.170 --> 01:12:23.710
revenge for their conduct to him.

01:12:24.490 --> 01:12:28.550
After being there sixteen years,
Lord Hamilton, Earl of Arran, taking a

01:12:28.550 --> 01:12:32.630
liking to him, the Archbishop of St.
Andrews induced the Provincial of the

01:12:32.630 --> 01:12:36.570
House to dispense with his habit and
order, and he thus became the Earl's

01:12:36.570 --> 01:12:36.930
Chaplain.

01:12:37.850 --> 01:12:42.250
He remained in this spiritual employment a
year, and in that time God wrought in him

01:12:42.250 --> 01:12:45.950
a saving knowledge of the truth,
for which reason the Earl sent him to

01:12:45.950 --> 01:12:48.910
preach in the Freedom of Air, where he
remained four years.

01:12:49.590 --> 01:12:53.030
But finding danger there from the
religious complexion of the times,

01:12:53.490 --> 01:12:57.270
and learning that there was much gospel
freedom in England, he travelled up to the

01:12:57.270 --> 01:13:01.710
Duke of Somerset, then Lord Protector of
England, who gave him a yearly salary of

01:13:01.710 --> 01:13:05.730
twenty pounds, and authorised him to
preach at Carlisle, Berwick, and

01:13:05.730 --> 01:13:07.150
Newcastle, where he married.

01:13:07.790 --> 01:13:11.910
He was afterwards removed to a beneficent
hull, in which he remained until the death

01:13:11.910 --> 01:13:12.750
of Edward VI.

01:13:14.050 --> 01:13:19.290
In consequence of the tide of persecution
then setting in, he fled with his wife to

01:13:19.290 --> 01:13:23.810
Friesland, and at Norden they followed the
occupation of knitting, hose, caps,

01:13:23.930 --> 01:13:25.150
etc., for subsistence.

01:13:25.890 --> 01:13:29.970
Impeded in his business by the want of
yarn, he came over to England to procure a

01:13:29.970 --> 01:13:34.450
quantity, and on November 10 arrived in
London, where he soon heard of a secret

01:13:34.450 --> 01:13:38.810
society of the faithful, to whom he joined
himself, and was in a short time elected

01:13:38.810 --> 01:13:42.510
their minister, in which occupation he
strengthened them in every good

01:13:42.510 --> 01:13:43.090
resolution.

01:13:44.470 --> 01:13:49.070
On December 12, through the information of
one tailor, a member of the society,

01:13:49.690 --> 01:13:54.490
Mr. Ruff, with Cuthbert Simpson and
others, was taken up in the Saracen's

01:13:54.490 --> 01:13:59.370
Head, Islington, where, under the pretext
of coming to see a play, their religious

01:13:59.370 --> 01:14:00.770
exercises were holden.

01:14:01.650 --> 01:14:04.890
The Queen's Vice-Chamberlain conducted
Ruff and Simpson before the Council,

01:14:05.510 --> 01:14:08.670
in whose presence they were charged with
meeting to celebrate the Communion.

01:14:09.250 --> 01:14:12.950
The Council wrote to Bonner, and he lost
no time in this affair of blood.

01:14:13.690 --> 01:14:17.650
In three days he had him up, and on the
next, the 20th, resolved to condemn him.

01:14:18.750 --> 01:14:23.430
The charges laid against him were that he,
being a priest, was married, and that he

01:14:23.430 --> 01:14:25.430
had rejected the service in the Latin
tongue.

01:14:26.250 --> 01:14:29.410
Ruff wanted not arguments to reply to
these flimsy tenets.

01:14:30.190 --> 01:14:32.210
In short, he was degraded and condemned.

01:14:33.470 --> 01:14:37.130
Mr. Ruff, it should be noticed,
when in the North, in Edward VI's reign,

01:14:37.390 --> 01:14:41.490
had saved Dr. Watson's life, who
afterwards sat with Bishop Bonner on the

01:14:41.490 --> 01:14:41.830
bench.

01:14:42.650 --> 01:14:47.730
This ungrateful prelate, in return for the
kind act he had received, boldly accused

01:14:47.730 --> 01:14:50.570
Mr. Ruff of being the most pernicious
heretic in the country.

01:14:51.530 --> 01:14:54.370
The godly minister reproved him for his
malicious spirit.

01:14:55.090 --> 01:14:58.490
He affirmed that during the thirty years
he had lived he had never bowed the knee

01:14:58.490 --> 01:15:02.710
to Baal, and that twice at Rome he had
seen the Pope borne about on men's

01:15:02.710 --> 01:15:07.110
shoulders, with the false-named sacrament
carried before him, presenting a true

01:15:07.110 --> 01:15:08.630
picture of the very Antichrist.

01:15:09.110 --> 01:15:12.970
Yet was more reverence shown to him than
to the wafer, which they accounted to be

01:15:12.970 --> 01:15:13.550
their god.

01:15:14.470 --> 01:15:18.210
"'Ah!' said Bonner, rising and making
towards him, as if he would have torn his

01:15:18.210 --> 01:15:18.610
garment.

01:15:18.830 --> 01:15:22.370
"'Hast thou been at Rome, and seen our
Holy Father the Pope, and dost thou

01:15:22.370 --> 01:15:27.710
blaspheme him after this sort?' They said
he fell upon him, torn off a piece of his

01:15:27.710 --> 01:15:32.670
beard, and that the day might begin to his
own satisfaction, he ordered the object of

01:15:32.670 --> 01:15:35.850
his rage to be burnt by half-past five the
following morning.

01:15:38.750 --> 01:15:45.070
Cuthbert Simpson Few professors of Christ
possessed more activity and zeal than this

01:15:45.070 --> 01:15:46.110
excellent person.

01:15:46.870 --> 01:15:50.390
He not only laboured to preserve his
friends from the contagion of popery,

01:15:50.790 --> 01:15:53.590
but he laboured to guard them against the
terrors of persecution.

01:15:54.410 --> 01:15:58.850
He was deacon of the little congregation
over which Mr. Ruff presided as minister.

01:16:00.110 --> 01:16:04.390
Mr. Simpson has written an account of his
own sufferings, which we cannot detail

01:16:04.390 --> 01:16:05.930
better than in his own words.

01:16:07.710 --> 01:16:11.890
On the 13th of December, 1557,
I was committed by the Council to the

01:16:11.890 --> 01:16:12.550
Tower of London.

01:16:13.250 --> 01:16:16.710
On the following Thursday I was called
into the wardroom before the Constable of

01:16:16.710 --> 01:16:21.010
the Tower and the Recorder of London,
Mr. Cholmley, who commanded me to inform

01:16:21.010 --> 01:16:23.550
them of the names of those who came to the
English service.

01:16:24.230 --> 01:16:28.330
I answered that I would declare nothing,
in consequence of my refusal I was set

01:16:28.330 --> 01:16:31.850
upon a rack of iron, as I judge for the
space of three hours.

01:16:32.470 --> 01:16:34.350
They then asked me if I would confess.

01:16:34.790 --> 01:16:35.930
I answered as before.

01:16:37.170 --> 01:16:39.590
After being unbound, I was carried back to
my lodgings.

01:16:40.650 --> 01:16:44.150
The Sunday after, I was brought to the
same place again before the Lieutenant and

01:16:44.150 --> 01:16:46.250
Recorder of London, and they examined me.

01:16:46.990 --> 01:16:49.150
As I had answered before, so I answered
now.

01:16:49.950 --> 01:16:54.710
Then the Lieutenant swore by God I should
tell, after which my two forefingers were

01:16:54.710 --> 01:16:57.570
bound together, and a small arrow placed
between them.

01:16:58.010 --> 01:17:01.650
They drew it through so fast that the
blood followed and the arrow break.

01:17:03.090 --> 01:17:07.870
After enduring the rack twice again,
I was retaken to my lodgings, and ten days

01:17:07.870 --> 01:17:11.930
after the Lieutenant asked me if I would
not now confess that which they had before

01:17:11.930 --> 01:17:12.550
asked of me.

01:17:12.990 --> 01:17:15.510
I answered that I had already said as much
as I would.

01:17:16.570 --> 01:17:19.630
Three weeks after, I was sent to the
priest, where I was greatly assaulted,

01:17:20.090 --> 01:17:23.690
and at whose hand I received the Pope's
curse for bearing witness of the

01:17:23.690 --> 01:17:24.770
resurrection of Christ.

01:17:25.970 --> 01:17:29.650
And thus I commend you to God and to the
Word of His Grace, with all those who

01:17:29.650 --> 01:17:34.010
unfeignedly call upon the name of Jesus,
desiring God of His endless mercy,

01:17:34.230 --> 01:17:37.950
through the merits of His dear Son,
Jesus Christ, to bring us all to His

01:17:37.950 --> 01:17:38.890
everlasting kingdom.

01:17:39.130 --> 01:17:39.430
Amen.

01:17:40.450 --> 01:17:43.010
I praise God for His great mercy shown
upon us.

01:17:43.550 --> 01:17:46.650
Sing Hosanna to the Highest, with me,
Cuthbert Simpson.

01:17:47.310 --> 01:17:48.370
God forgive my sins.

01:17:48.370 --> 01:17:52.170
I ask forgiveness of all the world,
and I forgive all the world.

01:17:52.910 --> 01:17:55.850
And thus I leave the world, in the hope of
a joyful resurrection.