WEBVTT

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When Elizabeth quitted Woodstock,
she left the following lines written with

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her diamond on the window.

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Much suspected by me, nothing proved can
be, quote, Elizabeth Prisoner.

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With the life of Winchester ceased the
extreme danger of the Princess,

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as many of her other secret enemies soon
after followed him, and last of all her

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cruel sister, who outlived God in but
three years.

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The death of Mary was ascribed to several
causes.

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The Council endeavoured to console her in
her last moments, imagining it was the

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absence of her husband that lay heavy at
her heart.

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But though his treatment had some weight,
the loss of Calais, the last fortress

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possessed by the English in France,
was the true source of her sorrow.

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Open my heart, said Mary, when I am dead,
and you shall find Calais written there.

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Religion caused her no alarm, the priests
had lulled to rest every misgiving of

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conscience which might have obtruded,
on account of the accusing spirits of the

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murdered martyrs.

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Not the blood she had spilled,
but the loss of a town excited her

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emotions in dying, and this last stroke
seemed to be awarded that her fanatical

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persecution might be paralleled by her
political imbecility.

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We earnestly pray that the annals of no
country, Catholic or pagan, may ever be

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stained with such a repetition of human
sacrifices to papal power, and that the

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detestation in which the character of Mary
is holden may be a beacon to succeeding

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monarchs to avoid the rocks of fanaticism.

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God's Punishment Upon Some of the
Persecutors of His People in Mary's Reign

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After that arch-persecuted gardener was
dead, others followed, of whom Dr. Morgan,

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a bishop of St. David's who succeeded
Bishop Farrer, is to be noticed.

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Not long after he was installed in his
bishopric, he was stricken by the

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visitation of God.

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His food passed through the throat,
but rose again with great violence.

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In this manner, almost literally starved
to death, he terminated his existence.

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Bishop Thornton, suffragan of Dover,
was an indefatigable persecutor of the

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true Church.

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One day after he had exercised his cruel
tyranny upon a number of pious persons at

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Canterbury, he came from the chapter-house
to Bourne, where, as he stood on a Sunday

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looking at his men playing at bowls,
he fell down in a fit of the palsy,

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and did not long survive.

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After the latter succeeded another bishop
or suffragan ordained by Gardiner,

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who not long after he had been raised to
the Sea of Dover, fell down a pair of

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stairs in the cardinal's chamber at
Greenwich, and broke his neck.

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He had just received the cardinal's
blessing.

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He could receive nothing worse.

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John Cooper, of Watson, Suffolk,
suffered by perjury.

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He was from Private Peak, persecuted by
one fenning, who suborned to others to

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swear that they had heard Cooper say,
if God did not take away Queen Mary,

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the devil would.

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Cooper denied all such words, but Cooper
was a Protestant and a heretic,

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and therefore he was hung, drawn,
and quartered, his property confiscated,

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and his wife and nine children reduced to
beggary.

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The following harvest, however,
Grimwood, of Hitcham, one of the witnesses

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before mentioned, was visited for his
villainy.

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While at work stacking up corn,
his bowel suddenly burst out, and before

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relief could be obtained, he died.

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Thus was deliberate perjury rewarded by
sudden death.

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In the case of the martyr Mr. Bradford,
the severity of Mr. Sheriff Woodruff has

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been noticed.

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He rejoiced at the death of the saints,
and at Mr. Rogers' execution he broke the

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carman's head because he stopped the cart
to let the martyr's children take a last

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farewell of him.

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Scarcely had Mr. Woodruff's sheriffalty
expired a week when he was struck with a

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paralytic affection, and languished a few
days in the most pitiable and helpless

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condition, presenting a striking contrast
to his former activity in the cause of

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blood.

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Ralph Lardin, who betrayed the martyr
George Eagles, is believed to have been

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afterwards arraigned and hanged in
consequence of accusing himself.

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At the bar he denounced himself in these
words, "'This has most justly fallen upon

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me for betraying the innocent blood of
that just and good man George Eagles,

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who was here condemned in the time of
Queen Mary by my procurement when I sold

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his blood for a little money.'" As James
Abbas was going to execution, and

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exhorting the pitying bystanders to adhere
steadfastly to the truth, and like him to

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seal the cause of Christ with their blood,
a servant of the sheriff's interrupted

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him, and blasphemy called his religion
heresy, and the good man a lunatic.

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Scarcely, however, had the flames reached
the martyr before the fearful stroke of

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God fell upon the hardened wretch in the
presence of him he had so cruelly

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ridiculed.

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The man was suddenly seized with lunacy,
cast off his clothes and shoes before the

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people, as Abbas had done just before to
distribute among some poor persons,

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at the same time exclaiming, "'Thus did
James Abbas, the true servant of God,

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who is saved, by which I am damned!'
Repeating this often, the sheriff had him

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secured, and made him put his clothes on,
but no sooner was he alone than he tore

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them off and exclaimed as before.

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Being tied in a cart, he was conveyed to
his master's house, and in about half a

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year he died.

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Just before which a priest came to attend
him with the crucifix, etc., but the

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wretched man bade him take away such
trumpery and said that he and other

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priests had been the cause of his
damnation, but that Abbas was saved.

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One clerk, an avowed enemy of the
Protestants in King Edward's reign,

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hung himself in the Tower of London.

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Froling, a priest of much celebrity,
fell down in the street and died on the

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spot.

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Dale, an indefatigable informer,
was consumed by vermin, and died a

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miserable spectacle.

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Alexander, the severe keeper of Newgate,
died miserably, swelling to a prodigious

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size, and became so inwardly putrid that
none could come near him.

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This cruel minister of the law would go to
Bonner, Storey, and others, requesting

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them to rid his prison he was so much
pestered with heretics.

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The son of this keeper, in three years
after his father's death, dissipated his

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great property and died suddenly in
Newgate Market.

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The sins of the father, says the
Decalogue, shall be visited on the

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children.

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John Peter, son-in-law of Alexander,
a horrid blasphemer and persecutor,

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died wretchedly.

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When he affirmed anything he would say,
If it be not true, I pray I may rot ere I

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die.

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This awful state visited him in all its
loathsomeness.

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Sir Ralph Elliker was eagerly desirous to
see the heart taken out of Adam Damlip,

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who was wrongfully put to death.

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Shortly after, Sir Ralph was slain by the
French, who mangled him dreadfully,

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cut off his limbs, and tore his heart out.

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When Gardner heard of the miserable end of
Judge Hales, he called the profession of

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the gospel a doctrine of desperation.

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But he forgot that the judge's despondency
arose after he had consented to the

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papistry.

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But with more reason may this be said of
the Catholic tenets if we consider the

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miserable end of Dr Pendleton,
Gardner, and most of the leading

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persecutors.

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Gardner, upon his death-bed, was reminded
by a bishop of Peter denying his master.

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Ah, said Gardner, I have denied with
Peter, but never repented with Peter.

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After the accession of Elizabeth,
most of the Catholic prelates were

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imprisoned in the Tower or the Fleet.

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Bonner was put into the Marshalsea.

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Of the revilers of God's word,
we detail, among many others, the

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following occurrence.

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One William Moulden, living at Greenwich
in servitude, was instructing himself

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profitably in reading an English Primer
one winter's evening.

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A serving man named John Powell sat by and
ridiculed all that Moulden said,

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who cautioned him not to make a jest of
the word of God.

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Powell nevertheless continued until
Moulden came to certain English prayers

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and read aloud, Lord have mercy upon us,
Christ have mercy upon us, etc.

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Suddenly the reviler started and
exclaimed, Lord have mercy upon us.

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He was struck with the utmost terror of
mind, said the evil spirit could not abide

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that Christ should have any mercy upon
him, and sunk into madness.

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He was remitted to Bedlam and became an
awful warning that God will not always be

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insulted with impunity.

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Henry Smith, a student in the law,
had a pious Protestant father of Camburn

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in Gloucestershire, by whom he was
virtuously educated.

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While studying law in the Middle Temple,
he was induced to profess Catholicism,

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and going to Louvain in France,
he returned with pardons, crucifixes,

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and a great freight of Popish toys.

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Not content with these things,
he openly reviled the Gospel religion he

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had been brought up in.

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But conscience one night reproached him so
dreadfully, that in a fit of despair he

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hung himself in his garters.

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He was buried in a lane without the
Christian service being read over him.

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Dr. Story, whose name has been so often
mentioned in the preceding pages,

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was reserved to be cut off by public
execution, a practice in which he had

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taken great delight when in power.

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He is supposed to have had a hand in most
of the conflagrations in Mary's time,

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and was even ingenious in his invention of
new modes of inflicting torture.

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When Elizabeth came to the throne,
he was committed to prison, but

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unaccountably effected his escape to the
continent, to carry fire and sword there

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among the Protestant brethren.

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From the Duke of Ulver at Antwerp,
he received a special commission to search

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all ships for contraband goods,
and particularly for English heretical

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books.

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Dr. Story gloried in a commission that was
ordered by Providence to be his ruin,

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and to preserve the faithful from his
sanguinary cruelty.

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It was contrived that one Parker,
a merchant, should sail to Antwerp,

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and information should be given to Dr.
Story that he had a quantity of heretical

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books on board.

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The latter no sooner heard this than he
hastened to the vessel, sought everywhere

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above, and then went under the hatches
which were fastened down upon him.

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A prosperous gale brought the ship to
England, and this traitorous, persecuting

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rebel was committed to prison,
where he remained a considerable time,

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obstinately objecting to recant his
anti-Christian spirit, or admit of Queen

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Elizabeth's supremacy.

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He alleged, though by birth and education
an Englishman, that he was a sworn subject

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of the King of Spain, in whose service the
famous Duke of Alva was.

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The doctor, being condemned, was laid upon
a hurdle and drawn from the tower to

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Tyburn, where, after being suspended about
half an hour, he was cut down,

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stripped, and the executioner displayed
the heart of a traitor.

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Thus ended the existence of this Nimrod of
England.

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Chapter 17 Rise and Progress of the
Protestant Religion in Ireland,

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with an account of the Barbarous Massacre
of 1641.

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The gloom of Potpourri had overshadowed
Ireland from its first establishment there

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until the reign of Henry VIII,
when the rays of the Gospel began to

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dispel the darkness, and afford that light
which, until then, had been unknown in

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that island.

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The abject ignorance in which the people
were held, with the absurd and

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superstitious notions they entertained,
were sufficiently evident to many,

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and the artifices of their priests were so
conspicuous that several persons of

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distinction, who had hitherto been
strenuous papists, would willingly have

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endeavoured to shake off the yoke and
embrace the Protestant religion,

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but the natural ferocity of the people,
and their strong attachment to the

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ridiculous doctrines which they had been
taught, made the attempt dangerous.

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It was, however, at length undertaken,
though attended with the most horrid and

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disastrous consequences.

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The introduction of the Protestant
religion into Ireland may be principally

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attributed to George Brown, an Englishman
who was consecrated Archbishop of Dublin

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on the 19th of March, 1535.

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He had formerly been an Augustine friar,
and was promoted to the mitre on account

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of his merit.

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After having enjoyed his dignity about
five years, he, at the time that Henry

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VIII was suppressing the religious houses
in England, caused all the relics and

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images to be removed out of the two
cathedrals in Dublin, and the other

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churches in his diocese, in the place of
which he caused to be put up the Lord's

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Prayer, the Creed, and the Ten
Commandments.

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A short time after this, he received a
letter from Thomas Cromwell, Lord Privy

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Seal, informing him that Henry VIII,
having thrown off the papal supremacy in

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England, was determined to do the like in
Ireland, and that he thereupon had

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appointed him, Archbishop Brown,
one of the commissioners for seeing this

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order put in execution.

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The Archbishop answered that he had
employed his utmost endeavours at the

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hazard of his life to cause the Irish
nobility and gentry to acknowledge Henry

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as their supreme head in matters both
spiritual and temporal, but had met with

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the most violent opposition, especially
from George, Archbishop of Armagh.

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That this prelate had, in a speech to the
clergy, laid a curse on all those who

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should own His Highness's supremacy,
adding that their isle, called in the

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chronicles Insula Sacra, or the Holy
Island, belonged to none but the Bishop of

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Rome, and that the King's progenitors had
received it from the Pope.

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He observed likewise that the Archbishop
and clergy of Armagh had each dispatched a

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courier to Rome, and that it would be
necessary for a Parliament to be called in

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Ireland to pass an act of supremacy,
the people not regarding the King's

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commission without the sanction of the
Legislative Assembly.

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He concluded with observing that the Popes
had kept the people in the most profound

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ignorance, that the clergy were
exceedingly illiterate, that the common

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people were more zealous in their
blindness than the saints and martyrs had

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been in the defence of truth at the
beginning of the Gospel, and that it was

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to be feared that Sean O'Neill,
a chieftain of great power in the northern

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part of the island, was decidedly opposed
to the King's commission.

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In pursuance of this advice, the following
year, a Parliament was summoned to meet at

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Dublin by order of Leonard Grey,
at that time Lord Lieutenant.

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At this Assembly, Archbishop Brown made a
speech in which he set forth that the

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bishops of Rome used anciently to
acknowledge emperors, kings, and princes

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to be supreme in their own dominions,
and therefore that he himself would vote

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King Henry VIII as supreme in all matters
both ecclesiastical and temporal.

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He concluded with saying that whosoever
should refuse to vote for this act was not

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a true subject of the King.

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This speech greatly startled the other
bishops and lords, but at length,

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after violent debates, the King's
supremacy was allowed.

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Two years after this, the Archbishop wrote
a second letter to Lord Cromwell,

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complaining of the clergy and hinting at
the machinations which the Pope was then

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carrying on against the advocates of the
gospel.

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This letter is dated from Dublin in April
1538, and among other matters,

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the Archbishop says, a bird may be taught
to speak with as much sense as many of the

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clergy do in this country.

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These, they're not scholars, yet are
crafty to cousin the poor common people

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and to dissuade them from following His
Highness's orders.

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The country folk here much hate your
lordship, and despitefully call you in

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their Irish tongue the blacksmith's son.

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As a friend, I desire your lordship to
look well to your noble person.

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Rome hath a great kindness for the Duke of
Norfolk, and great favours for this

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nation, purposely to oppose His Highness.

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A short time after this, the Pope sent
over to Ireland, directed to the

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Archbishop of Armagh and his clergy,
a bull of excommunication against all who

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had or should own the King's supremacy
within the Irish nation, denouncing a

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curse on all of them and theirs,
who should not within forty days

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acknowledge to their confessors that they
had done amiss in so doing.

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Archbishop Brown gave notice of this in a
letter dated Dublin, May 1538.

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Part of the form of confession,
or vow, sent over to these Irish Papists

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ran as follows.

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I do further declare him or her,
father or mother, brother or sister,

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son or daughter, husband or wife,
uncle or aunt, nephew or niece,

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kinsman or kinswoman, master or mistress,
and all others nearest or dearest

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relations, friend or acquaintance
whatsoever, accursed, that either do or

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shall hold for the time to come any
ecclesiastical or civil power above the

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authority of the Mother Church,
or that do or shall obey for the time to

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come any of her, the Mother Church's,
opposers or enemies, or contrary to the

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same, of which I have here sworn unto.

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So God the Blessed Virgin, St. Peter,
St. Paul, and the Holy Evangelists help

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me, etc.

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This is an exact agreement with the
doctrines promulgated by the councils of

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Lateran and Constance, which expressly
declare that no favour should be shown to

17:46.970 --> 17:51.310
heretics, nor faith kept with them,
that they ought to be excommunicated and

17:51.310 --> 17:56.090
condemned, and their estates confiscated,
and that princes are obliged by a solemn

17:56.090 --> 17:59.270
oath to root them out of their respective
dominions.

18:00.990 --> 18:05.930
How abominable a church must that be which
thus dares to trample upon all authority!

18:06.530 --> 18:10.050
How besotted the people who regard the
injunctions of such a church!

18:11.910 --> 18:18.370
In the Archbishop's last-mentioned letter,
dated May 1538, he says, His Highness's

18:18.370 --> 18:21.970
viceroy of this nation is of little or no
power with the old natives.

18:22.590 --> 18:27.490
Now both English and Irish begin to
lordship's orders, and to lay aside their

18:27.490 --> 18:32.470
national quarrels, which I fear will,
if anything will, cause a foreigner to

18:32.470 --> 18:33.510
invade this nation.

18:35.250 --> 18:40.510
Not long after this, Archbishop Brown
seized one Thaddeus O'Brien of Franciscan

18:40.510 --> 18:45.470
Friar, who had in his possession a paper
sent from Rome, dated May 1538,

18:45.890 --> 18:47.150
and directed to O'Neill.

18:47.730 --> 18:52.730
In this letter were the following words,
His Holiness Paul, now Pope, and the

18:52.730 --> 18:58.470
Council of the Fathers, have lately found
in Rome a prophecy of one St. Lacerianus,

18:58.550 --> 19:02.970
an Irish Bishop of Cashel, in which he
saith that the Mother Church of Rome

19:02.970 --> 19:06.730
falleth when in Ireland the Catholic faith
is overcome.

19:07.410 --> 19:10.270
Therefore, for the glory of the Mother
Church, the honour of St. Peter,

19:10.310 --> 19:14.650
and your own secureness, suppress heresy
and His Holiness's enemies.

19:16.530 --> 19:21.670
This Thaddeus O'Brien, after further
examination and search made, was pilloried

19:21.670 --> 19:25.910
and kept close prisoner until the King's
orders arrived in what manner he should be

19:25.910 --> 19:27.010
further disposed of.

19:27.730 --> 19:32.370
But, order coming over from England that
he was to be hanged, he laid violent hands

19:32.370 --> 19:33.930
on himself in the Castle of Dublin.

19:34.370 --> 19:38.610
His body was afterwards carried to Gallows
Green, where after being hanged up for

19:38.610 --> 19:40.390
some time, it was interred.

19:42.450 --> 19:46.850
After the accession of Edward VI to the
Throne of England, an order was directed

19:46.850 --> 19:52.250
to Sir Anthony Ledger, the Lord Deputy of
Ireland, commanding that the liturgy in

19:52.250 --> 19:56.590
English be forthwith set up in Ireland,
there to be observed within the several

19:56.590 --> 19:59.130
bishoprics, cathedrals and parish
churches.

19:59.690 --> 20:05.050
And it was first read in Christchurch,
Dublin, on Easter Day, 1551, before the

20:05.050 --> 20:07.730
said St. Anthony, Archbishop Brown and
others.

20:08.790 --> 20:11.550
Part of the Royal order for this purpose
was as follows.

20:12.490 --> 20:17.010
Whereas our gracious father, King Henry
VIII, taking into consideration the

20:17.010 --> 20:21.410
bondage and heavy yoke that his true and
faithful subjects sustained under the

20:21.410 --> 20:25.810
jurisdiction of the Bishop of Rome,
how several fabulous stories and lying

20:25.810 --> 20:30.510
wonders misled our subjects, dispensing
with the sins of our nations by their

20:30.510 --> 20:35.230
indulgences and pardons for gain,
purposely to cherish all evil vices,

20:35.750 --> 20:39.870
as robberies, rebellions, thefts,
whoredoms, blasphemy, idolatry,

20:40.010 --> 20:45.090
etc., our gracious father hereupon
dissolved all priories, monasteries,

20:45.270 --> 20:49.970
abbeys, and other pretended religious
houses, as being but nurseries for vice or

20:49.970 --> 20:52.830
luxury, more than for sacred learning,
etc.

20:55.370 --> 20:59.630
On the day after the Common Prayer was
first used in Christchurch, Dublin,

21:00.030 --> 21:03.050
the following wicked scheme was projected
by the Papists.

21:03.990 --> 21:08.790
In the church was left a marble image of
Christ holding a reed in his hand with a

21:08.790 --> 21:10.110
crown of thorns on his head.

21:10.950 --> 21:14.210
Whilst the English service, the Common
Prayer, was being read before the Lord

21:14.210 --> 21:19.170
Lieutenant, the Archbishop of Dublin,
the Privy Council, the Lord Mayor and a

21:19.170 --> 21:23.670
great congregation, blood was seen to run
through the crevices of the crown of

21:23.670 --> 21:26.450
thorns and trickle down the face of the
image.

21:27.650 --> 21:31.690
On this, some of the contrivers of the
imposture cried aloud, See how our

21:31.690 --> 21:33.110
Saviour's image sweats blood!

21:33.970 --> 21:37.390
But it must necessarily do this,
since heresy is coming to the church.

21:38.270 --> 21:42.030
Immediately many of the lower order of
people, indeed the vulgar of all ranks,

21:42.110 --> 21:46.150
were terrified at the sight of so
miraculous and undeniable irrevidence of

21:46.150 --> 21:47.310
the divine displeasure.

21:47.950 --> 21:50.850
They hastened from the church,
convinced that the doctrines of

21:50.850 --> 21:55.570
Protestantism emanated from an infernal
source, and that salvation was only to be

21:55.570 --> 21:58.010
found in the bosom of their own infallible
church.

21:59.390 --> 22:02.970
This incident, however ludicrous it may
appear to the enlightened reader,

22:03.290 --> 22:07.670
had great influence over the minds of the
ignorant Irish, and answered the ends of

22:07.670 --> 22:12.310
the impudent impostors who contrived it,
so far as to check the progress of the

22:12.310 --> 22:14.850
reformed religion in Ireland very
materially.

22:15.630 --> 22:18.750
Many persons could not resist the
conviction that there were many errors and

22:18.750 --> 22:23.070
corruptions in the Romish church,
but they were awed into silence by this

22:23.070 --> 22:27.990
pretended manifestation of divine wrath,
which was magnified beyond measure by the

22:27.990 --> 22:29.910
bigoted and interested priesthood.

22:31.770 --> 22:35.950
We have very few particulars as to the
state of religion in Ireland during the

22:35.950 --> 22:40.190
remaining portion of the reign of Edward
VI and the greater part of that of Mary.

22:40.910 --> 22:44.370
Towards the conclusion of the barbarous
sway of that relentless bigot,

22:44.750 --> 22:49.190
she attempted to extend her inhuman
persecutions to this Ireland, but her

22:49.190 --> 22:53.010
diabolical intentions were happily
frustrated in the following providential

22:53.010 --> 22:57.110
manner, the particulars of which are
related by historians of good authority.

22:58.430 --> 23:03.130
Mary had appointed Dr. Pole, an agent of
the bloodthirsty Bonner, one of the

23:03.130 --> 23:06.190
commissioners for carrying her barbarous
intentions into effect.

23:07.070 --> 23:10.790
He, having arrived at Chester with his
commission, the mayor of that city,

23:10.890 --> 23:14.710
being a papist, waited upon him,
when the doctor, taking out of his

23:14.710 --> 23:19.330
cloak-bag a leathern case, said to him,
Here is a commission that shall lash the

23:19.330 --> 23:20.290
heretics of Ireland.

23:21.010 --> 23:24.810
The good woman of the house, being a
Protestant and having a brother in Dublin

23:24.810 --> 23:29.890
named John Edmonds, was greatly troubled
at what she heard, but watching her

23:29.890 --> 23:33.230
opportunity, whilst the mayor was taking
his leave and the doctor politely

23:33.230 --> 23:37.750
accompanying him downstairs, she opened
the box, took out the commission,

23:38.150 --> 23:42.170
and in its stead laid a sheet of paper
with a pack of cards and the knave of

23:42.170 --> 23:42.910
clubs atop.

23:43.510 --> 23:47.810
The doctor, not suspecting the trick that
had been played him, put up the box and

23:47.810 --> 23:50.930
arrived with it in Dublin in September
1558.

23:52.170 --> 23:56.530
Anxious to accomplish the intention of his
pious mistress, he immediately waited upon

23:56.530 --> 24:01.830
Lord Fitzwalter, at that time viceroy,
and presented the box to him, which being

24:01.830 --> 24:04.390
open, nothing was found in it but a pack
of cards.

24:05.250 --> 24:10.150
This startling all the persons present,
his lordship said, We must procure another

24:10.150 --> 24:12.870
commission, and in the meantime let us
shuffle the cards.

24:14.630 --> 24:18.250
Doctor Pole, however, would have directly
returned to England to get another

24:18.250 --> 24:23.050
commission, but waiting for a favourable
wind, news arrived that Queen Mary was

24:23.050 --> 24:27.330
dead, and by this means the Protestants
escaped a most cruel persecution.

24:28.590 --> 24:32.850
The above relation, as we before observed,
is confirmed by historians of the greatest

24:32.850 --> 24:37.290
credit, who add that Queen Elizabeth
settled a pension of £40 per annum upon

24:37.290 --> 24:41.430
the above-mentioned Elizabeth Edmonds,
for having thus saved the lives of her

24:41.430 --> 24:42.450
Protestant subjects.

24:45.130 --> 24:50.390
During the reigns of Elizabeth and James
I, Ireland was almost constantly agitated

24:50.390 --> 24:54.350
by rebellions and insurrections,
which although not always taking their

24:54.350 --> 24:58.650
rise from the difference of religious
opinions between the English and Irish,

24:59.130 --> 25:02.970
were aggravated and rendered more bitter
and irreconcilable from that cause.

25:03.850 --> 25:07.670
The Popish priests artfully exaggerated
the faults of the English government,

25:08.090 --> 25:12.810
and continually urged to their ignorant
and prejudiced heroes the lawfulness of

25:12.810 --> 25:16.570
killing the Protestants, assuring them
that all Catholics who were slain in the

25:16.570 --> 25:20.590
prosecution of so pious an enterprise
would be immediately received into

25:20.590 --> 25:21.730
everlasting felicity.

25:22.930 --> 25:27.830
The naturally ungovernable dispositions of
the Irish, acted upon by these designing

25:27.830 --> 25:32.650
men, drove them into continual acts of
barbarous and unjustifiable violence,

25:33.270 --> 25:36.850
and it must be confessed that the
unsettled and arbitrary nature of the

25:36.850 --> 25:41.250
authority exercised by the English
governors was but little calculated to

25:41.250 --> 25:42.250
gain their affections.

25:43.110 --> 25:47.670
The Spaniards, too, by landing forces in
the South, and giving every encouragement

25:47.670 --> 25:52.450
to the discontented natives to join their
standard, kept the island in a continual

25:52.450 --> 25:54.110
state of turbulence and warfare.

25:55.350 --> 26:01.210
In 1601 they disembarked a body of 4,000
men at Kinsale, and commenced what they

26:01.210 --> 26:04.430
called the Holy War for the Preservation
of the Faith in Ireland.

26:05.330 --> 26:09.470
They were assisted by great numbers of the
Irish, but were at length totally defeated

26:09.470 --> 26:12.150
by the deputy Lord Mountjoy and his
officers.

26:13.710 --> 26:17.470
This closed the transactions of
Elizabeth's reign with respect to Ireland.

26:18.250 --> 26:22.170
An interval of apparent tranquillity
followed, but the Popish priesthood,

26:22.390 --> 26:27.010
ever restless and designing, sought to
undermine by secret machinations that

26:27.010 --> 26:30.610
government and that faith which they durst
no longer openly attack.

26:31.430 --> 26:35.370
The Pacific reign of James afforded them
the opportunity of increasing their

26:35.370 --> 26:39.850
strength and maturing their schemes,
and under his successor, Charles I,

26:39.850 --> 26:45.210
their numbers were greatly increased by
titular Romish archbishops, bishops,

26:45.590 --> 26:49.830
deans, vicars general, abbots,
priests and friars, for which reason in

26:49.830 --> 26:54.890
1629 the public exercise of the Popish
rites and ceremonies was forbidden.

26:56.790 --> 27:01.970
But notwithstanding this, soon afterwards
the Romish clergy erected a new Popish

27:01.970 --> 27:03.550
university in the city of Dublin.

27:04.010 --> 27:07.690
They also proceeded to build monasteries
and nunneries in various parts of the

27:07.690 --> 27:12.930
kingdom, in which places these very Romish
clergy and the chiefs of the Irish held

27:12.930 --> 27:17.790
frequent meetings, and from thence used to
pass to and fro to France, Spain,

27:17.970 --> 27:23.350
Flanders, Lorraine and Rome, where the
detestable plot of 1641 was hatching by

27:23.350 --> 27:25.530
the family of the O'Neills and their
followers.

27:26.850 --> 27:31.090
A short time before the horrid conspiracy
broke out, which we are now going to

27:31.090 --> 27:35.710
relate, the papists in Ireland had
presented a remonstrance to the Lord's

27:35.710 --> 27:40.070
justice of that kingdom, demanding the
free exercise of their religion and a

27:40.070 --> 27:44.110
repeal of all laws to the contrary,
to which both Houses of Parliament in

27:44.110 --> 27:48.490
England solemnly answered that they would
never grant any toleration to the Popish

27:48.490 --> 27:49.650
religion in that kingdom.

27:51.550 --> 27:57.030
This further irritated the papists to put
in execution the diabolical plot concerted

27:57.030 --> 28:01.310
for the destruction of the Protestants,
and it failed not of the success wished

28:01.310 --> 28:04.030
for by its malicious and rancorous
projectors.

28:04.930 --> 28:09.850
The design of this horrid conspiracy was
that a general insurrection should take

28:09.850 --> 28:13.930
place at the same time throughout the
kingdom, and that all the Protestants,

28:14.070 --> 28:15.490
without exception, should be murdered.

28:16.430 --> 28:21.830
The day fixed for this horrid massacre was
the 23rd of October 1641, the feast of

28:21.830 --> 28:26.410
Ignatius Loyola, founder of the Jesuits,
and the chief conspirators in the

28:26.410 --> 28:30.470
principal parts of the kingdom made the
necessary preparations for the intended

28:30.470 --> 28:30.990
conflict.

28:32.890 --> 28:38.290
In order that this detested scheme might
the more infallibly succeed, the most

28:38.290 --> 28:43.050
distinguished artifices were practiced by
the papists, and their behaviour in their

28:43.050 --> 28:47.670
visits to the Protestants at this time was
with more seeming kindness than they had

28:47.670 --> 28:51.610
hitherto shown, which was done the more
completely to affect the inhuman and

28:51.610 --> 28:54.370
treacherous designs then meditating
against them.

28:55.810 --> 29:00.290
The execution of this savage conspiracy
was delayed until the approach of winter,

29:00.290 --> 29:04.030
that sending troops from England might be
attended with greater difficulty.

29:05.030 --> 29:08.650
Cardinal Richelieu, the French minister,
had promised the conspirators a

29:08.650 --> 29:13.030
considerable supply of men and money,
and many Irish officers had given the

29:13.030 --> 29:16.670
strongest assurances that they would
heartily concur with their Catholic

29:16.670 --> 29:19.390
brethren as soon as the insurrection took
place.

29:21.830 --> 29:26.490
The day preceding that appointed for
carrying this horrid design into execution

29:27.030 --> 29:31.790
was now arrived, when happily for the
metropolis of the kingdom, the conspiracy

29:31.790 --> 29:36.890
was discovered by one Owen O'Connolly,
an Irishman, for which most signal service

29:36.890 --> 29:42.690
the English Parliament voted him £500 and
a pension of £200 during his life.

29:44.110 --> 29:48.270
So very seasonably was this plot
discovered, even but a few hours before

29:48.270 --> 29:52.610
the city and castle of Dublin were to have
been surprised, that the Lord's Justice

29:52.610 --> 29:56.770
had but just time to put themselves and
the city in a proper posture of defence.

29:57.710 --> 30:02.410
Lord Maguire, who was the principal leader
here with his accomplices, was seized the

30:02.410 --> 30:06.430
same evening in the city, and in their
lodgings were found swords, hatchets,

30:06.590 --> 30:10.630
pole axes, hammers and such other
instruments of death as had been prepared

30:10.630 --> 30:14.550
for the destruction and extirpation of the
Protestants in that part of the kingdom.

30:15.890 --> 30:20.410
Thus was the metropolis happily preserved,
but the bloody part of the intended

30:20.410 --> 30:21.990
tragedy was past prevention.

30:22.850 --> 30:27.130
The conspirators were in arms all over the
kingdom, early in the morning of the day

30:27.130 --> 30:31.030
appointed, and every Protestant who fell
in their way was immediately murdered.

30:31.850 --> 30:34.650
No age, no sex, no condition were spared.

30:35.230 --> 30:38.890
The wife, weeping for her butchered
husband and embracing her helpless

30:38.890 --> 30:42.490
children, was pierced with them and
perished by the same stroke.

30:43.850 --> 30:49.030
The old, the young, the vigorous and the
infirm underwent the same fate and were

30:49.030 --> 30:50.590
blended in one common ruin.

30:51.530 --> 30:55.990
In vain did flight, save from the first
assault, destruction was everywhere let

30:55.990 --> 30:58.610
loose, and met the hunted victims at every
turn.

30:59.350 --> 31:02.830
In vain was recourse had to relations,
to companions, to friends.

31:03.330 --> 31:07.410
All connections were dissolved,
and death was dealt by that hand from

31:07.410 --> 31:09.610
which protection was implored and
expected.

31:10.970 --> 31:16.050
Without provocation, without opposition,
the astonished English, living in profound

31:16.050 --> 31:20.430
peace and, as they thought, full security,
were massacred by their nearest

31:20.430 --> 31:23.730
neighbours, with whom they had long
maintained a continued intercourse of

31:23.730 --> 31:25.110
kindness and good offices.

31:25.810 --> 31:30.230
Nay, even death was the slightest
punishment inflicted by these monsters in

31:30.230 --> 31:30.930
human form.

31:31.670 --> 31:36.490
All the tortures which wanton cruelty
could invent, all the lingering pains of

31:36.490 --> 31:41.870
body, the anguish of mind, the agonies of
despair, could not satiate revenge excited

31:41.870 --> 31:45.590
without injury and cruelly derived from no
just cause whatever.

31:46.510 --> 31:51.810
Depraved nature, even perverted religion,
though encouraged by the utmost license,

31:52.190 --> 31:55.810
cannot reach to a greater pitch of
ferocity than appeared in these merciless

31:55.810 --> 31:56.630
barbarians.

31:57.390 --> 32:01.570
Even the weaker sex themselves,
naturally tender to their own sufferings

32:01.570 --> 32:06.230
and compassionate to those of others,
have emulated their robust companions in

32:06.230 --> 32:07.790
the practice of every cruelty.

32:08.670 --> 32:13.030
The very children, taught by example and
encouraged by the exhortation of their

32:13.030 --> 32:17.910
parents, dealt their feeble blows on the
dead carcasses of the defenceless children

32:17.910 --> 32:18.610
of the English.

32:20.390 --> 32:24.130
Nor was the avarice of the Irish
sufficient to produce the least restraint

32:24.130 --> 32:24.910
on their cruelty.

32:25.630 --> 32:30.310
Such was their frenzy, that the cattle
they had seized, and by rapine had made

32:30.310 --> 32:34.270
their own, were, because they bore the
name of English, wantonly slaughtered,

32:34.510 --> 32:38.650
or when covered with wounds, turned loose
into the woods, there to perish by slow

32:38.650 --> 32:39.910
and lingering torments.

32:41.350 --> 32:45.470
The commodious habitations of the planters
were laid in ashes, all levelled with the

32:45.470 --> 32:49.310
ground, and where the wretched owners had
shut themselves up in the houses and were

32:49.310 --> 32:53.530
preparing for defence, they perished in
the flames, together with their wives and

32:53.530 --> 32:53.870
children.

32:55.590 --> 33:00.350
Such is the general description of this
unparalleled massacre, but it now remains,

33:00.470 --> 33:03.150
from the nature of our work, that we
proceed to particulars.

33:04.330 --> 33:08.770
The bigoted and merciless papists had no
sooner begun to imbrew their hands in

33:08.770 --> 33:13.630
blood than they repeated the horrid
tragedy day after day, and the Protestants

33:13.630 --> 33:17.670
in all parts of the kingdom fell victims
to their fury by deaths of the most

33:17.670 --> 33:18.850
unheard-of cruelty.

33:21.250 --> 33:25.670
The ignorant Irish were more strongly
instigated to execute the infernal

33:25.670 --> 33:30.210
business by the Jesuits, priests and
friars, who, when the day for the

33:30.210 --> 33:34.830
execution of the plot was agreed on,
recommended in their prayers diligence in

33:34.830 --> 33:38.470
the great design, which they said would
greatly tend to the prosperity of the

33:38.470 --> 33:41.010
kingdom and to the advancement of the
Catholic cause.

33:41.910 --> 33:45.850
They everywhere declared to the common
people that the Protestants were heretics

33:45.850 --> 33:49.870
and ought not to be suffered to live any
longer among them, adding that it was no

33:49.870 --> 33:53.830
more sin to kill an Englishman than to
kill a dog, and that the relieving or

33:53.830 --> 33:56.770
protecting them was a crime of the most
unpardonable nature.

33:58.650 --> 34:04.010
The papists, having besieged the town and
castle of Longford, and the inhabitants of

34:04.010 --> 34:07.510
the latter, who were Protestants,
surrendering on condition of being allowed

34:07.510 --> 34:12.690
quarter, the besiegers, the instant the
townspeople appeared, attacked them in a

34:12.690 --> 34:17.050
most unmerciful manner, their priest,
as a signal for the rest to fall on,

34:17.390 --> 34:21.590
first ripping open the belly of the
English Protestant minister, after which

34:21.590 --> 34:25.590
his followers murdered all the rest,
some of whom they hanged, others were

34:25.590 --> 34:30.330
stabbed or shot, and great numbers knocked
on the head with axes provided for the

34:30.330 --> 34:30.730
purpose.

34:32.190 --> 34:37.070
The garrison at Sligo was treated in like
manner by O'Connor Sligar, who,

34:37.410 --> 34:41.290
upon the Protestants quitting their holds,
promised them quarter and to convey them

34:41.290 --> 34:45.890
safe over the Curlew Mountains to
Roscommon, but he first imprisoned them in

34:45.890 --> 34:49.510
a most loathsome jail, allowing them only
grains for their food.

34:50.490 --> 34:54.310
Afterward, when some papists were merry
over their cups, who were come to

34:54.310 --> 34:57.630
congratulate their wicked brethren for
their victory over these unhappy

34:57.630 --> 35:02.530
creatures, those Protestants who survived
were brought forth by the white friars,

35:02.990 --> 35:07.370
and were either killed or precipitated
over a bridge into a swift river where

35:07.370 --> 35:08.390
they were soon destroyed.

35:09.310 --> 35:13.710
It is added that this wicked company of
white friars went some time after in

35:13.710 --> 35:18.650
solemn procession with holy water in their
hands to sprinkle the river on pretence of

35:18.650 --> 35:22.650
cleansing and purifying it from the stains
and pollutions of the blood and dead

35:22.650 --> 35:26.570
bodies of the heretics, as they called the
unfortunate Protestants, who were

35:26.570 --> 35:28.690
inhumanely slaughtered at this very time.

35:30.330 --> 35:36.010
At Kilmore, Dr. Burdell, bishop of that
sea, had charitably settled and supported

35:36.010 --> 35:40.230
a great number of distressed Protestants,
who had fled from their habitations to

35:40.230 --> 35:43.230
escape the diabolical cruelties committed
by the papists.

35:44.050 --> 35:47.390
But they did not long enjoy the
consolation of living together.

35:47.990 --> 35:51.830
The good prelate was forcibly dragged from
his episcopal residence, which was

35:51.830 --> 35:56.310
immediately occupied by Dr. Swiney,
the popish titular bishop of Kilmore,

35:56.830 --> 36:00.910
who said mass in the church the Sunday
following, and then seized on all the

36:00.910 --> 36:03.390
goods and effects belonging to the
persecuted bishop.

36:05.090 --> 36:09.550
Soon after this the papists forced Dr.
Burdell, his two sons and the rest of his

36:09.550 --> 36:12.830
family, with some of the chief of the
Protestants whom he had protected,

36:13.430 --> 36:18.130
into a ruinous castle called Loch Water,
situated in a lake near the sea.

36:18.950 --> 36:23.410
Here he remained with his companions some
weeks, all of them daily expecting to be

36:23.410 --> 36:23.990
put to death.

36:24.950 --> 36:28.990
The greatest part of them was stripped
naked, by which means as the season was

36:28.990 --> 36:32.390
cold, it being in the month of December,
and the building in which they were

36:32.390 --> 36:36.070
confined open at the top, they suffered
the most severe hardships.

36:37.230 --> 36:41.370
They continued in this situation until the
7th of January, when they were all

36:41.370 --> 36:41.790
released.

36:42.790 --> 36:46.130
The bishop was courteously received into
the house of Denis O'Sheridan,

36:46.230 --> 36:49.750
one of his clergy, whom he had made a
convert to the Church of England.

36:50.430 --> 36:52.530
But he did not long survive this kindness.

36:53.550 --> 36:57.810
During his residence here he spent the
whole of his time in religious exercises,

36:58.350 --> 37:02.550
the better to fit and prepare himself and
his sorrowful companions for their great

37:02.550 --> 37:06.670
change, as nothing but certain death was
perpetually before their eyes.

37:07.850 --> 37:11.810
He was at this time in the seventy-first
year of his age, and being afflicted with

37:11.810 --> 37:16.470
a violent ague caught in his late cold and
desolate habitation on the lake,

37:16.870 --> 37:19.690
it soon threw him into a fever of the most
dangerous nature.

37:20.710 --> 37:24.550
Finding his dissolution at hand,
he received it with joy like one of the

37:24.550 --> 37:27.550
primitive martyrs, just hastening to his
crown of glory.

37:28.450 --> 37:31.910
After having addressed his little flock
and exhorted them to patience in the most

37:31.910 --> 37:36.430
pathetic manner, as they saw their own
last day approaching, after having

37:36.430 --> 37:41.010
solemnly blessed his people, his family,
and his children, he finished the course

37:41.010 --> 37:45.630
of his ministry and life together on the
seventh day of February, 1642.

37:47.570 --> 37:51.550
His friends and relations applied to the
intruding bishop for leave to bury him,

37:51.770 --> 37:53.490
which was with difficulty obtained.

37:54.090 --> 37:57.910
He at first telling them that the
churchyard was holy ground and should be

37:57.910 --> 37:59.690
no longer defiled with heretics.

38:00.870 --> 38:04.490
However, leave was at last granted,
and though the church funeral service was

38:04.490 --> 38:09.390
not used at the solemnity, for fear of the
Irish papists, yet some of the better

38:09.390 --> 38:14.130
sort, who had the highest veneration for
him while living, attended his remains to

38:14.130 --> 38:14.650
the grave.

38:15.790 --> 38:21.490
At this interment they discharged a volley
of shot, crying out, Requiescat in pace,

38:21.810 --> 38:26.030
ultimus anglorum, that is, may the last of
the English rest in peace.

38:27.090 --> 38:31.210
Adding that, as he was one of the best,
so he should be the last English bishop

38:31.210 --> 38:32.010
found among them.

38:33.310 --> 38:36.190
His learning was very extensive,
and he would have given the world a

38:36.190 --> 38:38.810
greater proof of it, had he printed all he
wrote.

38:39.630 --> 38:43.810
Scarce any of his writings were saved,
the papists having destroyed most of his

38:43.810 --> 38:44.890
papers and his library.

38:45.490 --> 38:50.150
He'd gathered a vast heap of critical
expositions of scripture, all which,

38:50.270 --> 38:53.350
with a great trunk full of his
manuscripts, fell into the hands of the

38:53.350 --> 38:53.630
Irish.

38:54.610 --> 38:59.270
Happily, his great Hebrew manuscript was
preserved, and is now in the library of

38:59.270 --> 39:00.630
Emmanuel College, Oxford.

39:02.790 --> 39:07.390
In the barony of Tiroli, the papists,
at the instigation of the friars,

39:07.910 --> 39:11.730
compelled above forty English Protestants,
some of whom were women and children,

39:12.210 --> 39:15.970
to the hard fate of either falling by the
sword or of drowning in the sea.

39:17.350 --> 39:20.870
These choosing the latter were accordingly
forced by the naked weapons of their

39:20.870 --> 39:25.110
inexorable persecutors into the deep,
where, with their children in their arms,

39:25.190 --> 39:29.290
they first waded up to their chins,
and afterwards sunk down and perished

39:29.290 --> 39:29.690
together.

39:31.650 --> 39:36.250
In the castle of Lisgoul, upwards of one
hundred and fifty men, women, and children

39:36.250 --> 39:41.310
were all burnt together, and at the castle
of Monia not less than one hundred were

39:41.310 --> 39:42.330
all put to the sword.

39:43.230 --> 39:47.150
Great numbers were also murdered at the
castle of Tula, which was delivered up to

39:47.150 --> 39:51.630
Maguire on condition of having fair
quarter, but no sooner had that base

39:51.630 --> 39:55.010
villain got possession of the place than
he ordered his followers to murder the

39:55.010 --> 39:57.910
people, which was immediately done with
the greatest cruelty.

39:59.630 --> 40:03.650
Many others were put to deaths of the most
horrid nature, and such as could have been

40:03.650 --> 40:05.990
invented only by demons instead of men.

40:06.670 --> 40:10.170
Some of them were laid with the centre of
their backs on the axel tree of a

40:10.170 --> 40:14.530
carriage, with their legs resting on the
ground on one side and their arms and head

40:14.530 --> 40:15.070
on the other.

40:16.210 --> 40:19.810
In this position, one of the savages
scourged the wretched object on the

40:19.810 --> 40:25.550
thighs, legs, etc., while another set on
furious dogs, who tore to pieces the arms

40:25.550 --> 40:29.770
and upper parts of the body, and in this
dreadful manner were they deprived of

40:29.770 --> 40:30.450
their existence.

40:31.210 --> 40:35.190
Great numbers were foused to horses'
tails, and the beasts being set on full

40:35.190 --> 40:38.950
gallop by their riders, the wretched
victims were dragged along until they

40:38.950 --> 40:39.530
expired.

40:40.310 --> 40:43.930
Others were hung on lofty gibbets,
and a fire being kindled under them,

40:43.990 --> 40:47.810
they finished their lives partly by
hanging and partly by suffocation.

40:49.470 --> 40:53.850
Nor did the more tender sex escape the
least particle of cruelty that could be

40:53.850 --> 40:56.790
projected by their merciless and furious
persecutors.

40:57.590 --> 41:00.870
Many women of all ages were put to deaths
of the most cruel nature.

41:01.630 --> 41:05.890
Some, in particular, were fastened with
their backs to strong posts, and being

41:05.890 --> 41:10.390
stripped to their waists, the inhuman
monsters cut off their right breasts with

41:10.390 --> 41:14.930
shears, which of course put them to the
most excruciating torments, and in this

41:14.930 --> 41:17.950
position they were left until from the
loss of blood they expired.

41:19.770 --> 41:24.710
Such was the savage ferocity of these
barbarians that even unborn infants were

41:24.710 --> 41:27.550
dragged from the womb to become victims to
their rage.

41:28.290 --> 41:32.450
Many unhappy mothers were hung naked in
the branches of trees, and their bodies

41:32.450 --> 41:36.930
being cut open, the innocent offsprings
were taken from them and thrown to dogs

41:36.930 --> 41:41.550
and swine, and to increase the horrid
scene, they would oblige the husband to be

41:41.550 --> 41:43.510
a spectator before suffering himself.

41:46.880 --> 41:51.240
At the town of Isonceath, they hanged
above a hundred Scottish Protestants,

41:51.900 --> 41:54.260
showing them no more mercy than they did
to the English.

41:55.140 --> 41:59.200
Maguire, going to the castle of that town,
desired to speak with the governor.

41:59.760 --> 42:03.500
When being admitted, he immediately burnt
the records of the county which were kept

42:03.500 --> 42:03.760
there.

42:04.420 --> 42:08.040
He then demanded one thousand pounds of
the governor, which having received,

42:08.100 --> 42:12.280
he immediately compelled him to hear mass,
and to swear that he would continue to do

42:12.280 --> 42:12.580
so.

42:13.180 --> 42:17.240
And to complete his horrid barbarities,
he ordered the wife and children of the

42:17.240 --> 42:21.680
governor to be hanged before his face,
besides massacring at least one hundred of

42:21.680 --> 42:22.240
the inhabitants.

42:23.500 --> 42:27.140
Upwards of one thousand men, women,
and children were driven in different

42:27.140 --> 42:30.600
companies to Portadown Bridge,
which was broken in the middle,

42:31.060 --> 42:34.780
and there compelled to throw themselves
into the water, and such as attempted to

42:34.780 --> 42:36.540
reach the shore were knocked on the head.

42:38.460 --> 42:41.940
In the same part of the country,
at least four thousand persons were

42:41.940 --> 42:43.320
drowned in different places.

42:44.340 --> 42:48.880
The inhuman Papists, after first stripping
them, drove them like beasts to the spot

42:48.880 --> 42:52.980
fixed on for their destruction,
and if any, through fatigue or natural

42:52.980 --> 42:57.080
infirmities, were slack in their pace,
they pricked them with their swords and

42:57.080 --> 43:01.380
pikes, and to strike terror on the
multitude they murdered some by the way.

43:02.340 --> 43:06.040
Many of these poor wretches, when thrown
into the water, endeavoured to save

43:06.040 --> 43:10.160
themselves by swimming to the shore,
but their merciless persecutors prevented

43:10.160 --> 43:13.120
their endeavours taking effect by shooting
them in the water.

43:14.960 --> 43:19.780
In one place, one hundred and forty
English, after being driven for many miles

43:19.780 --> 43:24.020
stark naked and in the most severe
weather, were all murdered on the same

43:24.020 --> 43:29.380
spot, some being hanged, others burnt,
some shot, and many of them buried alive.

43:30.640 --> 43:34.560
And so cruel were their tormentors that
they would not suffer them to pray before

43:34.560 --> 43:36.540
they robbed them of their miserable
existence.

43:38.280 --> 43:42.180
Other companies they took under pretence
of safe conduct, who from that

43:42.180 --> 43:46.260
consideration proceeded cheerfully on
their journey, but when the treacherous

43:46.260 --> 43:50.740
Papists had got them to a convenient spot,
they butchered them all in the most cruel

43:50.740 --> 43:51.180
manner.

43:52.340 --> 43:57.200
One hundred and fifteen men, women,
and children were conducted by order of

43:57.200 --> 44:01.360
Sir Philem O'Neill to Porterdown Bridge,
where they were all forced into the river

44:01.360 --> 44:01.980
and drowned.

44:02.740 --> 44:07.800
One woman named Campbell, finding no
probability of escaping, suddenly clasped

44:07.800 --> 44:11.880
one of the chief of the Papists in her
arms and held him so fast they were both

44:11.880 --> 44:12.560
drowned together.

44:13.900 --> 44:18.520
In Killiman they massacred forty-eight
families, among whom twenty-two were burnt

44:18.520 --> 44:19.680
together in one house.

44:20.220 --> 44:22.560
The rest were either hanged, shot,
or drowned.

44:23.920 --> 44:28.780
In Kilmore the inhabitants, which
consisted of about two hundred families,

44:29.280 --> 44:31.060
all fell victims to their rage.

44:31.580 --> 44:35.080
Some of them sat in the stocks until they
confessed where their money was,

44:35.420 --> 44:36.760
after which they put them to death.

44:37.360 --> 44:42.220
The whole county was one common scene of
butchery, and many thousands perished in a

44:42.220 --> 44:47.560
short time by sword, famine, fire,
water, and others the most cruel deaths

44:47.560 --> 44:49.400
that rage and malice could invent.

44:51.260 --> 44:55.360
These bloody villains showed so much
favour to some as to dispatch them

44:55.360 --> 44:58.380
immediately, but they would by no means
suffer them to pray.

44:58.980 --> 45:03.120
Others they imprisoned in filthy dungeons,
putting heavy bolts on their legs and

45:03.120 --> 45:05.240
keeping them there until they were starved
to death.

45:06.980 --> 45:11.180
At Cassell they put all the Protestants
into a loathsome dungeon, where they kept

45:11.180 --> 45:13.520
them together for several weeks in the
greatest misery.

45:14.200 --> 45:19.000
At length they were released, when some of
them were barbarously mangled and left on

45:19.000 --> 45:23.000
the highways to perish at leisure,
others were hanged, and some were buried

45:23.000 --> 45:26.440
in the ground upright with their heads
above the earth, and the Papist,

45:26.680 --> 45:30.460
to increase their misery, treating them
with derision during their sufferings.

45:31.600 --> 45:35.860
In the county of Antrim they murdered nine
hundred and fifty-four Protestants in one

45:35.860 --> 45:39.380
morning, and afterwards about twelve
hundred more in that county.

45:41.040 --> 45:45.460
At a town called Lysnagary they forced
twenty-four Protestants into a house,

45:46.020 --> 45:50.540
and then setting fire to it burned them
together, counterfeiting their outcries in

45:50.540 --> 45:51.540
derision to the others.

45:53.380 --> 45:57.180
Among other acts of cruelty they took two
children belonging to an English woman,

45:57.640 --> 46:01.540
and dashed out their brains before her
face, after which they threw the mother

46:01.540 --> 46:03.100
into a river and she was drowned.

46:03.880 --> 46:07.200
They served many other children in the
like manner, to the great affliction of

46:07.200 --> 46:09.560
their parents and the disgrace of human
nature.

46:10.980 --> 46:15.960
In Kilkenny all the Protestants without
exception were put to death, and some of

46:15.960 --> 46:19.020
them in so cruel a manner as perhaps was
never before thought of.

46:20.480 --> 46:25.420
They beat an English woman with such
savage barbarity that she had scarce a

46:25.420 --> 46:30.220
whole bone left, after which they threw
her into a ditch, but not satisfied with

46:30.220 --> 46:34.520
this they took her child, a girl about six
years of age, and after ripping up its

46:34.520 --> 46:38.300
belly threw it to its mother, there to
languish until it perished.

46:39.100 --> 46:42.580
They forced one man to go to mass,
after which they ripped open his body,

46:42.680 --> 46:43.900
and in that manner left him.

46:44.340 --> 46:48.860
They sawed another asunder, cut the throat
of his wife, and after having dashed out

46:48.860 --> 46:52.980
the brains of their child and infant,
threw it to the swine who greedily

46:52.980 --> 46:53.700
devoured it.

46:55.480 --> 46:59.480
After committing these and several other
horrid cruelties, they took the heads of

46:59.480 --> 47:03.980
seven Protestants, and among them that of
a pious minister, all of which they fixed

47:03.980 --> 47:05.160
up at the market cross.

47:05.940 --> 47:10.180
They put a gag into the minister's mouth,
then slit his cheeks to his ears,

47:10.540 --> 47:14.520
and laying a leaf of a Bible before it,
bid him preach, for his mouth was wide

47:14.520 --> 47:14.840
enough.

47:16.060 --> 47:19.460
They did several other things by way of
derision, and expressed the greatest

47:19.460 --> 47:23.680
satisfaction at having thus murdered and
exposed the unhappy Protestants.

47:25.220 --> 47:29.820
It is impossible to conceive the pleasure
these monsters took in exercising their

47:29.820 --> 47:34.080
cruelty, and to increase the misery of
those who fell into their hands,

47:34.080 --> 47:37.100
when they butchered them, they would say,
your soul to the devil.

47:38.280 --> 47:42.100
One of these miscreants would come into a
house with his hands imbued in blood,

47:42.560 --> 47:46.060
and boast that it was English blood,
and that his sword had pricked the white

47:46.060 --> 47:48.380
skins of the Protestants, even to the
hilt.

47:49.260 --> 47:52.100
When any one of them had killed a
Protestant, others would come and receive

47:52.100 --> 47:56.640
a gratification in cutting and mangling
the body, after which they left it exposed

47:56.640 --> 47:57.980
to be devoured by dogs.

47:58.520 --> 48:01.840
And when they'd slain a number of them,
they would boast that the devil was

48:01.840 --> 48:04.500
beholden to them for sending so many souls
to hell.

48:05.620 --> 48:09.560
But it is no wonder they should thus treat
the innocent Christians, when they

48:09.560 --> 48:13.460
hesitated not to commit blasphemy against
God and his most holy word.

48:14.800 --> 48:19.400
In one place, they burnt two Protestant
Bibles, and then said they had burnt

48:19.400 --> 48:20.020
hellfire.

48:20.880 --> 48:25.020
In the church at Power's Court,
they burnt the pulpit, pews, chests,

48:25.200 --> 48:26.600
and Bibles belonging to it.

48:26.940 --> 48:31.180
They took other Bibles, and after wetting
them with dirty water, dashed them in the

48:31.180 --> 48:34.360
faces of the Protestants, saying,
We know you love a good lesson.

48:34.680 --> 48:36.040
Here's an excellent one for you.

48:36.320 --> 48:38.900
Come to-morrow, and you shall have as good
a sermon as this.

48:40.540 --> 48:44.060
Some of the Protestants they dragged by
the hair of their heads into the church,

48:44.360 --> 48:47.900
where they stripped and whipped them in
the most cruel manner, telling them at the

48:47.900 --> 48:50.940
same time that if they came to-morrow,
they should hear the like sermon.

48:52.280 --> 48:55.960
In Munster, they put to death several
ministers in the most shocking manner.

48:56.720 --> 49:00.960
One in particular they stripped stark
naked, and driving him before them,

49:01.380 --> 49:04.760
pricked him with swords and darts until he
fell down and expired.

49:05.940 --> 49:09.900
In some places, they plucked out the eyes
and cut off the hands of the Protestants,

49:10.420 --> 49:13.840
and in that manner turned them into the
fields, there to wander out their

49:13.840 --> 49:14.740
miserable existence.

49:15.980 --> 49:19.880
They obliged many young men to force their
aged parents to a river where they were

49:19.880 --> 49:24.480
drowned, wives to assist in hanging their
husbands, and mothers to cut the throats

49:24.480 --> 49:25.140
of their children.

49:26.520 --> 49:30.340
In one place, they compelled a young man
to kill his father, and then immediately

49:30.340 --> 49:30.920
hanged him.

49:31.440 --> 49:35.500
In another, they forced a woman to kill
her husband, then obliged the son to kill

49:35.500 --> 49:38.180
her, and afterward shot him through the
head.

49:39.600 --> 49:44.160
At a place called Glasgow, a Popish
priest, with some others, prevailed on

49:44.160 --> 49:47.180
forty Protestants to be reconciled to the
Church of Rome.

49:47.980 --> 49:51.660
They had no sooner done this, than they
told them they were in good faith,

49:51.660 --> 49:55.660
and that they would prevent their falling
from it and turning heretics by sending

49:55.660 --> 49:59.080
them out of the world, which they did by
immediately cutting their throats.

50:00.580 --> 50:04.560
In the county of Tipperary, upwards of
thirty Protestants, men, women,

50:04.640 --> 50:08.620
and children, fell into the hands of the
Papists, who after stripping them naked,

50:09.000 --> 50:12.640
murdered them with stones, whole axes,
swords, and other weapons.

50:13.880 --> 50:18.020
In the county of Mayo, about sixty
Protestants, fifteen of whom were

50:18.020 --> 50:23.940
ministers, were upon covenant to be safely
conducted to Galway by one Edmund Burke

50:23.940 --> 50:24.900
and his soldiers.

50:25.760 --> 50:30.280
But that inhuman monster, by the way,
drew his sword at an intimation of his

50:30.280 --> 50:33.820
design to the rest, who immediately
followed his example, and murdered the

50:33.820 --> 50:37.720
whole, some of whom they stabbed,
others were run through the body with

50:37.720 --> 50:39.380
pikes, and several were drowned.

50:41.420 --> 50:45.700
In Queen's County, great numbers of
Protestants were put to the deaths.

50:46.720 --> 50:50.860
Fifty or sixty were placed together in one
house, which being set on fire,

50:50.960 --> 50:52.520
they all perished in the flames.

50:53.360 --> 50:57.260
Many were stripped naked, being fastened
to horses by ropes placed round their

50:57.260 --> 51:00.360
middles, were dragged through bogs until
they expired.

51:01.220 --> 51:05.420
Some were hung by the feet to tenterhooks,
driven into poles, and in that wretched

51:05.420 --> 51:07.080
posture left until they perished.

51:07.840 --> 51:11.140
Others were fastened to the trunk of a
tree, with a branch at top.

51:11.680 --> 51:15.520
Over this branch hung one arm,
which principally supported the weight of

51:15.520 --> 51:19.340
the body, and one of the legs was turned
up and fastened to the trunk, while the

51:19.340 --> 51:20.200
other hung straight.

51:21.040 --> 51:25.040
In this dreadful and uneasy posture did
they remain as long as life would permit,

51:25.580 --> 51:28.500
pleasing spectacles to their bloodthirsty
persecutors.

51:30.140 --> 51:34.900
At Clown's, seventeen men were buried
alive, and an Englishman, his wife,

51:35.220 --> 51:39.460
five children, and a servant-maid were all
hanged together, and afterward thrown into

51:39.460 --> 51:39.900
a ditch.

51:40.800 --> 51:44.600
They hung many by the arms to branches of
trees with a weight to their feet,

51:44.940 --> 51:48.680
and others by the middle, in which posture
they left them until they expired.

51:49.600 --> 51:52.640
Several were hanged on windmills,
and before they were half dead,

51:53.000 --> 51:55.480
the barbarians cut them in pieces with
their swords.

51:56.320 --> 52:00.640
Others, both men, women, and children,
they cut and hacked in various parts of

52:00.640 --> 52:04.600
their bodies, and left them wallowing in
their blood to perish where they fell.

52:05.540 --> 52:10.000
One poor woman they hanged on a gibbet,
with her child, an infant, about a

52:10.000 --> 52:14.040
twelve-month old, the latter of whom was
hanged by the neck with the hair of its

52:14.040 --> 52:18.160
mother's head, and in that manner finished
its short but miserable existence.

52:20.160 --> 52:24.160
In the county of Tyrone no less than three
hundred Protestants were drowned in one

52:24.160 --> 52:28.280
day, and many others were hanged,
burned, and otherwise put to death.

52:29.380 --> 52:33.320
Dr. Maxwell, Rector of Tyrone,
lived at this time near Armagh,

52:33.700 --> 52:36.200
and suffered greatly from these merciless
savages.

52:36.860 --> 52:41.300
This person, in his examination taken upon
oath before the King's commissioners,

52:41.800 --> 52:45.800
declared that the Irish Papists owned to
him that they at several times had

52:45.800 --> 52:50.560
destroyed in one place twelve thousand
Protestants, whom they inhumanly

52:50.560 --> 52:54.240
slaughtered at Glynwood in their flight
from the county of Armagh.

52:55.660 --> 53:00.100
As the river Ban was not fordable,
and the bridge broken down, the Irish

53:00.100 --> 53:03.700
fought thither at different times a great
number of unarmed, defenceless

53:03.700 --> 53:08.540
Protestants, and with pikes and swords
violently thrust about one thousand into

53:08.540 --> 53:10.440
the river where they miserably perished.

53:12.700 --> 53:17.160
Nor did the cathedral of Armagh escape the
fury of those barbarians, it being

53:17.160 --> 53:20.760
maliciously set on fire by their leaders
and burnt to the ground.

53:21.720 --> 53:25.700
And to extirpate, if possible,
the very race of those unhappy Protestants

53:25.700 --> 53:30.760
who lived in or near Armagh, the Irish
first burnt all their houses, and then

53:30.760 --> 53:34.300
gathered together many hundreds of those
innocent people, young and old,

53:34.640 --> 53:39.060
on pretence of allowing them a god and
safe conduct to cholerane, when they

53:39.060 --> 53:42.520
treacherously fell on them by the way and
inhumanly murdered them.

53:44.500 --> 53:49.580
The like horrid barbarities, with those we
have particularised, were practised on the

53:49.580 --> 53:52.180
wretched Protestants in almost all parts
of the kingdom.

53:52.960 --> 53:57.300
And when an estimate was afterwards made
of the number who were sacrificed to

53:57.300 --> 54:01.920
gratify diabolical souls of the Papists,
it amounted to one hundred and fifty

54:01.920 --> 54:02.440
thousand.

54:03.780 --> 54:07.060
But it now remains that we proceed to the
particulars that followed.

54:08.900 --> 54:13.560
These desperate wretches, flushed and
grown insolent with success, thereby

54:13.560 --> 54:17.900
methods attended with such excessive
barbarities as perhaps not to be equalled,

54:18.680 --> 54:22.320
soon got possession of the castle of
Newry, where the king's stores and

54:22.320 --> 54:26.780
ammunition were lodged, and with as little
difficulty made themselves masters of

54:26.780 --> 54:27.440
Dundalk.

54:28.500 --> 54:32.060
They afterward took the town of Ardee,
where they murdered all the Protestants,

54:32.340 --> 54:34.100
and then proceeded to Drogeda.

54:34.800 --> 54:38.460
The garrison of Drogeda was in no
condition to sustain a siege,

54:39.040 --> 54:42.580
notwithstanding which, as often as the
Irish renewed their attacks, they were

54:42.580 --> 54:47.340
vigorously repulsed by a very unequal
number of the king's forces, and a few

54:47.340 --> 54:51.120
faithful Protestant citizens, under Sir
Henry Titchborne the governor,

54:51.620 --> 54:53.460
assisted by the Lord Viscount Moore.

54:54.180 --> 55:00.780
The siege of Drogeda began on the 30th of
November 1641, and held until the 4th of

55:00.780 --> 55:06.560
March 1642, when Cephilim O'Neill and the
Irish miscreants under him were forced to

55:06.560 --> 55:06.960
retire.

55:08.380 --> 55:13.480
In the meantime, 10,000 troops were sent
from Scotland to the remaining Protestants

55:13.480 --> 55:17.580
in Ireland, which, being properly divided
in the most capital parts of the kingdom,

55:18.000 --> 55:22.200
happily eclipsed the power of the Irish
savages, and the Protestants for a time

55:22.200 --> 55:23.400
lived in tranquillity.

55:25.120 --> 55:29.820
In the reign of King James II,
they were again interrupted, for in a

55:29.820 --> 55:34.460
parliament held at Dublin in the year
1689, great numbers of the Protestant

55:34.460 --> 55:39.740
nobility, clergy and gentry of Ireland
were attainted of high treason.

55:41.140 --> 55:45.000
The government of the kingdom was at that
time invested in the Earl of Turconnell,

55:45.380 --> 55:48.520
a bigoted papist and an inveterate enemy
to the Protestants.

55:49.440 --> 55:52.900
By his orders, they were again persecuted
in various parts of the kingdom.

55:53.760 --> 55:58.000
The revenues of the city of Dublin were
seized, and most of the churches converted

55:58.000 --> 55:58.680
into prisons.

55:59.620 --> 56:03.840
And had it not been for the resolution and
uncommon bravery of the garrisons in the

56:03.840 --> 56:08.320
city of Londonderry and the town of
Inneskillen, there had not one place

56:08.320 --> 56:11.820
remained for refuge to the distressed
Protestants in the whole kingdom,

56:12.240 --> 56:16.860
but all must have been given up to King
James and to the furious popish party that

56:16.860 --> 56:17.380
governed him.

56:18.960 --> 56:25.960
The remarkable siege of Londonderry was
opened on the 18th of April 1689 by 20,000

56:25.960 --> 56:28.080
papists, the flower of the Irish army.

56:28.880 --> 56:34.360
The city was not properly circumstanced to
sustain a siege, the defenders consisting

56:34.360 --> 56:38.500
of a body of raw, undisciplined
Protestants, who had fled thither for

56:38.500 --> 56:42.100
shelter, and half a regiment of Lord
Mountjoy's disciplined soldiers,

56:42.600 --> 56:48.080
with the principal part of the
inhabitants, making it all only 7,361

56:48.080 --> 56:48.900
fighting men.

56:50.080 --> 56:54.500
The besieged hoped at first that their
stores of corn and other necessaries would

56:54.500 --> 56:58.860
be sufficient, but by the continuance of
the siege their wants increased,

56:59.460 --> 57:03.540
and these became at last so heavy that for
a considerable time before the siege was

57:03.540 --> 57:08.540
raised, a pint of coarse barley,
a small quantity of greens, a few

57:08.540 --> 57:13.400
spoonfuls of starch, with a very moderate
proportion of horse-flesh, were reckoned a

57:13.400 --> 57:17.260
week's provision for a soldier,
and they were at length reduced to such

57:17.260 --> 57:20.380
extremities that they ate dogs,
cats, and mice.

57:21.980 --> 57:26.340
Their miseries increasing with the siege,
many through mere hunger and want,

57:26.620 --> 57:29.320
pined and languished away, or fell dead in
the streets.

57:30.340 --> 57:34.060
And it is remarkable that when their
long-expected suckers arrived from

57:34.060 --> 57:38.660
England, they were upon the point of being
reduced to this alternative, either to

57:38.660 --> 57:43.320
preserve their existence by eating each
other, or attempting to fight their way

57:43.320 --> 57:46.840
through the Irish which must have
infallibly produced their destruction.

57:48.700 --> 57:53.480
These suckers were most happily brought by
the ship Mountjoy of Derry in the Phoenix

57:53.480 --> 57:58.660
of Coleraine, at which time they had only
nine lean horses left with a pint of meal

57:58.660 --> 57:59.420
to each man.

58:00.220 --> 58:06.700
By hunger and the fatigues of war,
their 7,361 fighting men were reduced to

58:06.700 --> 58:11.160
4,300, one-fourth part of whom were
rendered unserviceable.

58:12.700 --> 58:17.440
As the calamities of the besieged were
great, so likewise were the terrors and

58:17.440 --> 58:21.600
sufferings of their Protestant friends and
relations, all of whom, even women and

58:21.600 --> 58:26.560
children, were forcibly driven from the
country thirty miles round, and inhumanly

58:26.560 --> 58:31.400
reduced to the sad necessity of continuing
some days and nights without food or

58:31.400 --> 58:36.100
covering before the walls of the town,
and were thus exposed to the continual

58:36.100 --> 58:40.980
fire both of the Irish army from without,
and the shot of their friends from within.

58:42.460 --> 58:46.500
But the suckers from England, happily
arriving, put an end to their affliction,

58:46.860 --> 58:51.760
and the siege was raised on the 31st of
July, having been continued upwards of

58:51.760 --> 58:52.540
three months.

58:53.660 --> 58:58.400
The day before the siege of Londonderry
was raised, the inner-skillers engaged a

58:58.400 --> 59:03.800
body of 6,000 Irish Roman Catholics at
Newton, Butler or Crown Castle,

59:04.160 --> 59:06.120
of whom near 5,000 were slain.

59:06.940 --> 59:10.500
This, with the defeat at Londonderry,
dispirited the Papists, and they gave up

59:10.500 --> 59:13.020
all farther attempts to persecute the
Protestants.

59:14.040 --> 59:19.260
The year following, namely 1690,
the Irish took up arms in favour of the

59:19.260 --> 59:23.340
abdicated Prince King James II,
but they were totally defeated by his

59:23.340 --> 59:24.800
successor King William III.

59:25.540 --> 59:29.840
That monarch, before he left the country,
reduced them to a state of subjection,

59:30.120 --> 59:32.180
in which they have ever since continued.

59:33.800 --> 59:38.100
But notwithstanding all this, the
Protestant interest at present stands upon

59:38.100 --> 59:40.740
a much stronger basis than it did a
century ago.

59:41.180 --> 59:46.160
The Irish, who formerly led an unsettled
and roving life in the woods, bogs,

59:46.220 --> 59:49.100
and mountains, and lived on the
depredation of their neighbours,

59:49.680 --> 59:53.520
they who in the morning seized the prey
and at night divided the spoil,

59:54.080 --> 59:57.000
have for many years past become quiet and
civilised.

59:57.500 --> 01:00:01.600
They taste the sweets of English society
and the advantages of civil government.

01:00:02.160 --> 01:00:05.400
They trade in our cities and are employed
in our manufactories.

01:00:05.900 --> 01:00:09.580
They are received also into English
families and treated with great humanity

01:00:09.580 --> 01:00:10.740
by the Protestants.

01:00:16.300 --> 01:00:21.920
Chapter 18 The Rise, Progress,
Persecutions, and Sufferings of the

01:00:21.920 --> 01:00:28.300
Quakers In treating of these people in a
historical manner, we are obliged to have

01:00:28.300 --> 01:00:29.660
recourse to much tenderness.

01:00:30.440 --> 01:00:34.540
That they differ from the generality of
Protestants in some of the capital points

01:00:34.540 --> 01:00:39.180
of religion cannot be denied, and yet,
as Protestant dissenters, they are

01:00:39.180 --> 01:00:41.700
included under the description of the
Toleration Act.

01:00:42.760 --> 01:00:46.920
It is not our business to inquire whether
people of similar sentiment had any

01:00:46.920 --> 01:00:49.280
existence in the primitive ages of
Christianity.

01:00:50.080 --> 01:00:54.180
Perhaps in some respects they had not,
but we are to write of them not as what

01:00:54.180 --> 01:00:56.140
they were, but what they now are.

01:00:56.860 --> 01:01:00.340
That they have been treated by several
writers in a very contemptuous manner is

01:01:00.340 --> 01:01:00.720
certain.

01:01:01.200 --> 01:01:04.300
That they did not deserve such treatment
is equally certain.

01:01:05.660 --> 01:01:10.880
The appellation Quakers was bestowed upon
them as a term of reproach, in consequence

01:01:10.880 --> 01:01:14.560
of their apparent convulsions which they
laboured under when they delivered their

01:01:14.560 --> 01:01:18.600
discourses, because they imagined they
were the effect of divine inspiration.

01:01:19.940 --> 01:01:24.080
It is not our business at present to
inquire whether the sentiments of these

01:01:24.080 --> 01:01:28.240
people are agreeable to the Gospel,
but this much is certain that the first

01:01:28.240 --> 01:01:32.420
leader of them, as a separate body,
was a man of obscure birth who had his

01:01:32.420 --> 01:01:35.840
first existence in Leicestershire about
the year 1624.

01:01:35.840 --> 01:01:41.340
In speaking of this man we shall deliver
our own sentiments in a historical manner,

01:01:41.820 --> 01:01:45.860
and joining these to what have been said
by the Friends themselves, we shall

01:01:45.860 --> 01:01:48.100
endeavour to furnish out a complete
narrative.

01:01:49.700 --> 01:01:54.820
George Fox was descended of honest and
respected parents who brought him up in

01:01:54.820 --> 01:01:55.840
the national religion.

01:01:56.740 --> 01:02:01.340
But from a child he appeared religious,
still solid and observing beyond his

01:02:01.340 --> 01:02:04.480
years, and uncommonly knowing in divine
things.

01:02:05.120 --> 01:02:08.860
He was brought up to husbandry and other
country business, and was particularly

01:02:08.860 --> 01:02:13.200
inclined to the solitary occupation of a
shepherd, an employment that very well

01:02:13.200 --> 01:02:17.680
suited his mind in several respects,
both for its innocency and solitude,

01:02:18.240 --> 01:02:21.380
and was a just emblem of his after
ministry and service.

01:02:22.400 --> 01:02:27.540
In the year 1646 he entirely forsook the
national church, in whose tenants he had

01:02:27.540 --> 01:02:33.140
been brought up, as before observed,
and in 1647 he travelled into Derbyshire

01:02:33.140 --> 01:02:37.720
and Nottinghamshire without any set
purpose of visiting particular places,

01:02:38.240 --> 01:02:42.740
but in a solitary manner he walked through
several towns and villages which way so

01:02:42.740 --> 01:02:43.880
ever his mind turned.

01:02:44.860 --> 01:02:50.300
He fasted much, said Swell, and walked
often in retired places with no other

01:02:50.300 --> 01:02:51.520
companion than his Bible.

01:02:52.480 --> 01:02:57.640
He visited the most retired and people in
those parts, says Penn, and some there

01:02:57.640 --> 01:03:02.800
were, short of few, if any in this nation,
who waited for the consolation of Israel

01:03:02.800 --> 01:03:07.360
night and day, as Zacharias, Anna,
and Simeon did of old time.

01:03:08.320 --> 01:03:12.500
To these he was sent, and these he sought
out in the neighbouring counties,

01:03:13.040 --> 01:03:16.820
and among them he sojourned until his more
ample ministry came upon him.

01:03:17.960 --> 01:03:22.400
At this time he taught, and was an example
of silence, endeavouring to bring them

01:03:22.400 --> 01:03:27.220
from self-performances, testifying of and
turning them to the light of Christ within

01:03:27.220 --> 01:03:32.000
them, and encouraging them to wait in
patience, and to feel the power of it to

01:03:32.000 --> 01:03:36.100
stir in their hearts, that their knowledge
and worship of God might stand in the

01:03:36.100 --> 01:03:40.960
power of an endless life, which was to be
found in the light, as it was obeyed in

01:03:40.960 --> 01:03:42.600
the manifestation of it in man.

01:03:43.340 --> 01:03:46.880
For in the word was life, and that life is
the light of men.

01:03:47.680 --> 01:03:52.160
Life in the word, light in men,
and life in men too, as the light is

01:03:52.160 --> 01:03:52.700
obeyed.

01:03:53.100 --> 01:03:57.720
The children of the light living by the
life of the word, by which the word begets

01:03:57.720 --> 01:04:02.820
them again to God, which is the generation
and new birth, without which there is no

01:04:02.820 --> 01:04:06.860
coming into the kingdom of God,
and to which whoever comes is greater than

01:04:06.860 --> 01:04:07.220
John.

01:04:07.820 --> 01:04:11.840
That is then John's dispensation,
which was not that of the kingdom,

01:04:12.280 --> 01:04:16.060
but the consummation of the legal and
forerunning of the gospel times,

01:04:16.380 --> 01:04:17.300
the time of the kingdom.

01:04:18.200 --> 01:04:21.860
Accordingly, several meetings were
gathering in those parts, and thus his

01:04:21.860 --> 01:04:23.820
time was employed for some years.

01:04:25.760 --> 01:04:30.720
In the year 1652 he had a visitation of
the great work of God in the earth,

01:04:31.120 --> 01:04:34.760
and of the way that he was to go forth in
a public ministry to begin it.

01:04:35.500 --> 01:04:39.080
He directed his course northward,
and in every place where he came,

01:04:39.240 --> 01:04:43.840
if not before he came to it, he had his
particular exercise and service shown to

01:04:43.840 --> 01:04:46.460
him, so that the Lord was his leader
indeed.

01:04:47.300 --> 01:04:51.820
He made great numbers of converts to his
opinions, and many pious and good men

01:04:51.820 --> 01:04:52.980
joined him in his ministry.

01:04:53.880 --> 01:04:57.780
These were drawn forth especially to visit
the public assemblies to reprove,

01:04:57.900 --> 01:05:02.500
reform, and exhort them, sometimes in
markets, fairs, streets, and by the

01:05:02.500 --> 01:05:06.940
highway side, calling people to repentance
and to return to the Lord with their

01:05:06.940 --> 01:05:10.620
hearts as well as their mouths,
directing them to the light of Christ

01:05:10.620 --> 01:05:15.760
within them, to see, examine, and to
consider their ways by, and to eschew the

01:05:15.760 --> 01:05:18.500
evil and to do the good and acceptable
will of God.

01:05:19.200 --> 01:05:23.260
They were not without opposition in the
work they imagined themselves called to,

01:05:23.580 --> 01:05:27.500
being often set in stocks, stoned,
beaten, whipped, and imprisoned,

01:05:28.000 --> 01:05:32.740
though honest men of good rapport that had
left wives, children, houses, and lands to

01:05:32.740 --> 01:05:34.840
visit them with a living call to
repentance.

01:05:35.940 --> 01:05:39.960
But these coercive methods rather
forwarded than abated their zeal,

01:05:39.960 --> 01:05:44.540
and in those parts they brought over many
proselytes, and among them several

01:05:44.540 --> 01:05:46.620
magistrates and others of the better sort.

01:05:47.540 --> 01:05:51.580
They apprehended the Lord had forbidden
them to pull off their hats to anyone,

01:05:51.740 --> 01:05:55.400
high or low, and required them to speak to
the people without distinction,

01:05:55.900 --> 01:05:57.600
the language of thou and thee.

01:05:58.480 --> 01:06:02.880
They scrupled bidding people good morrow
or good night, nor might they bend the

01:06:02.880 --> 01:06:04.860
knee to anyone, even in supreme authority.

01:06:05.600 --> 01:06:09.420
Both men and women went in a plain and
simple dress, different from the fashion

01:06:09.420 --> 01:06:10.120
of the times.

01:06:10.700 --> 01:06:15.140
They neither gave nor accepted any titles
of respect or honor, nor would they call

01:06:15.140 --> 01:06:17.000
any man master on earth.

01:06:17.980 --> 01:06:21.620
Several texts of scripture they quoted in
defense of these singularities,

01:06:22.000 --> 01:06:26.860
such as, Swear not at all, how can ye
believe, which receive honor one of

01:06:26.860 --> 01:06:31.200
another, and seek not the honor that
cometh from God only, etc., etc.

01:06:31.420 --> 01:06:36.340
They placed the basis of religion in an
inward light and an extraordinary impulse

01:06:36.340 --> 01:06:37.280
of the Holy Spirit.

01:06:38.800 --> 01:06:44.120
In 1654 their first separate meeting in
London was held in the house of Robert

01:06:44.120 --> 01:06:48.540
Dring in Watling Street, for by that time
they spread themselves into all parts of

01:06:48.540 --> 01:06:53.320
the kingdom, and had in many places set up
meetings or assemblies, particularly in

01:06:53.320 --> 01:06:55.000
Lancashire and the adjacent parts.

01:06:55.500 --> 01:06:59.560
But they were still exposed to great
persecutions and trials of every kind.

01:07:00.300 --> 01:07:05.520
One of them, in a letter to the Protector
Oliver Cromwell, represents, Though there

01:07:05.520 --> 01:07:09.860
are no penal laws in force obliging men to
comply with the established religion,

01:07:10.380 --> 01:07:12.740
yet the Quakers are exposed upon other
accounts.

01:07:13.140 --> 01:07:17.060
They are fined and imprisoned for refusing
to take an oath, for not paying their

01:07:17.060 --> 01:07:20.860
tithes, for disturbing the public
assemblies, and meeting in the streets and

01:07:20.860 --> 01:07:22.120
places of public resort.

01:07:22.600 --> 01:07:25.960
Some of them have been whipped for
vagabonds and for their plain speeches to

01:07:25.960 --> 01:07:26.680
the magistrate.

01:07:27.960 --> 01:07:32.440
Under favor of the then toleration,
they opened their meetings at the Bull and

01:07:32.440 --> 01:07:36.700
Mouth in Aldersgate Street, where women as
well as men were moved to speak.

01:07:37.640 --> 01:07:41.820
Their zeal transported them to some
extravagancies, which laid them still more

01:07:41.820 --> 01:07:46.200
open to the lush of their enemies,
who exercised various severities upon them

01:07:46.200 --> 01:07:47.480
throughout the next reign.

01:07:48.780 --> 01:07:52.800
Upon the suppression of Venner's mad
insurrection, the government, having

01:07:52.800 --> 01:07:57.300
published a proclamation forbidding the
Anabaptists, Quakers and Fifth Monarchy

01:07:57.300 --> 01:08:02.320
men to assemble or meet together under
pretence of worshipping God, except it be

01:08:02.320 --> 01:08:07.580
in some parochial church, chapel or in
private houses, by consent of the persons

01:08:07.580 --> 01:08:11.900
there inhabiting, all meetings in other
places being declared to be unlawful and

01:08:11.900 --> 01:08:16.820
riotous, etc., etc., the Quakers thought
it expedient to address the King thereon,

01:08:16.860 --> 01:08:18.500
which they did in the following words.

01:08:19.300 --> 01:08:24.640
O King Charles, our desire is that thou
mayest live forever in the fear of God and

01:08:24.640 --> 01:08:25.180
thy counsel.

01:08:25.860 --> 01:08:30.120
We beseech thee and thy counsel to read
these following lines in tender bowels and

01:08:30.120 --> 01:08:32.440
compassion for our souls and for your
good.

01:08:33.280 --> 01:08:37.780
And this consider, we are about four
hundred imprisoned in and about this city,

01:08:38.160 --> 01:08:42.500
of men and women from their families,
besides in the county jails about ten

01:08:42.500 --> 01:08:42.840
hundred.

01:08:43.440 --> 01:08:47.780
We desire that our meetings may not be
broken up, but that all may come to a fair

01:08:47.780 --> 01:08:50.500
trial, that our innocency may be cleared
up.

01:08:51.140 --> 01:08:54.100
London, 16th day, 11th month, 1660.

01:08:55.600 --> 01:08:59.600
On the 28th of the same month,
they published the declaration referred to

01:08:59.600 --> 01:09:04.200
in their address, entitled, A Declaration
from the Harmless and Innocent People of

01:09:04.200 --> 01:09:09.280
God Called Quakers, Against All Sedition,
Plotters and Fighters in the World,

01:09:09.520 --> 01:09:13.860
for Removing the Ground of Jealousy and
Suspicion from Both Magistrates and People

01:09:13.860 --> 01:09:16.500
in the Kingdom, Concerning Wars and
Fightings.

01:09:17.140 --> 01:09:22.720
It was presented to the King, the 21st day
of the 11th month, 1660, and he promised

01:09:22.720 --> 01:09:25.820
them upon his royal word that they should
not suffer for their opinions,

01:09:26.260 --> 01:09:27.500
as long as they lived peaceably.

01:09:28.240 --> 01:09:30.920
But his promises were very little regarded
afterward.

01:09:32.940 --> 01:09:37.520
In 1661, they assumed courage to petition
the House of Lords for a toleration of

01:09:37.520 --> 01:09:42.020
their religion and for a dispensation from
taking the oaths, which they held

01:09:42.020 --> 01:09:46.460
unlawful, not from any disaffection to the
government or a belief that they were less

01:09:46.460 --> 01:09:51.240
obliged by an affirmation, but from a
persuasion that all oaths were unlawful,

01:09:51.660 --> 01:09:55.060
and that swearing upon the most solemn
occasions was forbidden in the New

01:09:55.060 --> 01:09:55.480
Testament.

01:09:56.580 --> 01:10:01.320
Their petition was rejected, and instead
of granting them relief, an act was passed

01:10:01.320 --> 01:10:06.260
against them, the preamble to which set
forth that whereas several persons have

01:10:06.260 --> 01:10:10.800
taken up an opinion that an oath even
before a magistrate is unlawful and

01:10:10.800 --> 01:10:15.380
contrary to the word of God, and whereas,
under pretence of religious worship,

01:10:15.860 --> 01:10:19.280
the said persons do assemble in great
numbers in several parts of the kingdom,

01:10:19.880 --> 01:10:24.080
separating themselves from the rest of his
Majesty's subjects, and the public

01:10:24.080 --> 01:10:30.200
congregations and usual places of divine
worship, be it therefore enacted that if

01:10:30.200 --> 01:10:35.820
any such persons, after the 24th of March
1661, shall refuse to take an oath when

01:10:35.820 --> 01:10:40.640
lawfully tended, or persuade others to do
it, or maintain in writing or otherwise

01:10:40.640 --> 01:10:44.680
the unlawfulness of taking an oath,
or if they shall assemble for religious

01:10:44.680 --> 01:10:49.460
worship to the number of five or more of
the age of fifteen, they shall for the

01:10:49.460 --> 01:10:54.000
first offence forfeit five pounds,
for the second ten pounds, and for the

01:10:54.000 --> 01:10:57.740
third shall abjure the realm or be
transported to the plantations,

01:10:58.280 --> 01:11:02.080
and the justices of the peace at their
open sessions may hear and finally

01:11:02.080 --> 01:11:03.280
determine in the affair.

01:11:05.300 --> 01:11:09.900
This act had a most dreadful effect upon
the Quakers, though it was well known and

01:11:09.900 --> 01:11:14.740
notorious that these conscientious persons
were far from sedition or disaffection to

01:11:14.740 --> 01:11:15.180
the government.

01:11:16.320 --> 01:11:21.960
George Fox, in his address to the king,
acquaints him that 3068 of their friends

01:11:21.960 --> 01:11:26.200
had been imprisoned since his Majesty's
restoration, that their meetings were

01:11:26.200 --> 01:11:30.700
daily broken up by men with clubs and
arms, and their friends thrown into the

01:11:30.700 --> 01:11:35.400
water and trampled underfoot until the
blood gushed out, which gave rise to their

01:11:35.400 --> 01:11:36.740
meeting in the open streets.

01:11:37.540 --> 01:11:42.580
A relation was printed, signed by twelve
witnesses, which says that more than 4200

01:11:42.580 --> 01:11:47.860
Quakers were imprisoned, and of them 500
were in and about London and the suburbs,

01:11:48.300 --> 01:11:50.320
several of whom were dead in the jails.

01:11:51.620 --> 01:11:55.580
Six hundred of them, says an account
published at that time, were in prison

01:11:55.580 --> 01:11:59.540
merely for religion's sake, of whom
several were banished to the plantations.

01:12:00.580 --> 01:12:04.680
In short, the Quakers gave such full
employment to the informers that they had

01:12:04.680 --> 01:12:07.320
less leisure to attend the meetings of
other dissenters.

01:12:08.580 --> 01:12:12.720
Yet under all these calamities they
behaved with patience and modesty towards

01:12:12.720 --> 01:12:18.280
the government, and upon occasion of the
Rye House plot in 1682, thought proper to

01:12:18.280 --> 01:12:23.120
declare their innocence of that sham plot
in an address to the king, wherein

01:12:23.120 --> 01:12:27.740
appealing to the searches of all hearts,
they say, their principles do not allow

01:12:27.740 --> 01:12:31.500
them to take up defensive arms,
much less to avenge themselves for the

01:12:31.500 --> 01:12:35.520
injuries they received from others,
that they continually pray for the king's

01:12:35.520 --> 01:12:39.760
safety and preservation, and therefore
take this occasion humbly to beseech his

01:12:39.760 --> 01:12:44.840
majesty to compassionate their suffering
friends, with whom the jails are so filled

01:12:44.840 --> 01:12:49.760
that they want air to the apparent hazard
of their lives, and to the endangering and

01:12:49.760 --> 01:12:51.320
infection in divers' places.

01:12:52.420 --> 01:12:57.080
Besides many houses, shops, barns,
and fields are ransacked, and the goods,

01:12:57.200 --> 01:13:01.820
corn, and cattle swept away, to the
discouraging trade and husbandry and

01:13:01.820 --> 01:13:06.520
impoverishing great numbers of quiet and
industrious people, and this for no other

01:13:06.520 --> 01:13:10.560
cause but for the exercise of a tender
conscience in the worship of almighty God,

01:13:10.960 --> 01:13:14.480
who is sovereign lord and king of men's
consciences.

01:13:17.040 --> 01:13:21.400
On the accession of James II, they address
that monarch honestly and plainly,

01:13:21.640 --> 01:13:25.880
telling him, we are come to testify our
sorrow for the death of our good friend

01:13:25.880 --> 01:13:28.900
Charles, and our joy for thy being made
our governor.

01:13:29.520 --> 01:13:33.260
We are told thou art not of the persuasion
of the church of England no more than we.

01:13:33.880 --> 01:13:37.620
Therefore we hope thou wilt grant us the
same liberty which thou allowest thyself,

01:13:38.040 --> 01:13:40.100
which doing we wish thee all manner of
happiness.

01:13:42.720 --> 01:13:47.260
When James, by his dispensing power,
granted liberty to the dissenters,

01:13:47.320 --> 01:13:49.520
they began to enjoy some rest from their
troubles.

01:13:50.260 --> 01:13:53.840
And indeed it was high time, for they were
swell to an enormous amount.

01:13:55.260 --> 01:14:00.820
They the year before this, to them one of
glad release, in a petition to James for a

01:14:00.820 --> 01:14:07.120
cessation of their sufferings,
set forth that of late above 1,500 of

01:14:07.120 --> 01:14:11.140
their friends both men and women were
imprisoned, and that now there remain

01:14:11.140 --> 01:14:17.300
1,383, of which 200 are women,
many under sentence of primuniary,

01:14:17.860 --> 01:14:22.180
and more than 300 near it for refusing the
oath of allegiance because they could not

01:14:22.180 --> 01:14:22.640
swear.

01:14:23.380 --> 01:14:26.320
350 have died in prison since the year
1680.

01:14:27.200 --> 01:14:31.440
In London the jail of Newgate has been
crowded, within these two years sometimes

01:14:31.440 --> 01:14:35.980
with near twenty in a room, whereby
several have been suffocated, and others

01:14:35.980 --> 01:14:39.880
who have been taken out sick have died of
malignant fevers within a few days.

01:14:40.780 --> 01:14:46.300
Great violences, outrageous distresses,
and woeful havoc and spoil have been made

01:14:46.300 --> 01:14:50.500
upon people's goods and estates,
by a company of idle, extravagant,

01:14:50.620 --> 01:14:55.220
and merciless informers, by persecutions
on the Conventicle Act and others,

01:14:55.580 --> 01:15:00.860
also on quai tam writs, and on other
processes, for twenty pounds a month,

01:15:01.040 --> 01:15:03.760
and two-thirds of their estates seized for
the king.

01:15:04.520 --> 01:15:08.400
Some had not a bed to rest on,
others had no cattle to till the ground,

01:15:08.800 --> 01:15:11.800
nor corn for feed or bread, nor tools to
work with.

01:15:12.420 --> 01:15:16.300
The said informers and bailiffs,
in some places, breaking into houses and

01:15:16.300 --> 01:15:20.080
making great waste and spoil, under
pretence of serving the king and the

01:15:20.080 --> 01:15:20.480
Church.

01:15:21.520 --> 01:15:25.720
Our religious assemblies have been charged
at common law with being rioters and

01:15:25.720 --> 01:15:29.300
disturbers of the public peace,
whereby great numbers have been confined

01:15:29.300 --> 01:15:33.880
in prison, without regard to age,
and many confined to holes and dungeons.

01:15:34.820 --> 01:15:39.280
The seizing for twenty pounds a month has
amounted to many thousands, and several

01:15:39.280 --> 01:15:44.160
who have employed some hundreds of poor
people in manufactures are disabled to do

01:15:44.160 --> 01:15:46.580
so any more, by reason of long
imprisonment.

01:15:47.360 --> 01:15:51.640
They spare neither widow nor fatherless,
nor have they so much as a bed to lie on.

01:15:52.180 --> 01:15:56.820
The informers are both witnesses and
prosecutors, to the ruin of great numbers

01:15:56.820 --> 01:16:00.720
of sober families, and justices of the
peace have been threatened with a

01:16:00.720 --> 01:16:04.720
forfeiture of one hundred pounds,
if they do not issue out warrants upon

01:16:04.720 --> 01:16:05.520
their informations.

01:16:07.660 --> 01:16:11.140
With this petition they presented a list
of their friends in prison in the several

01:16:11.140 --> 01:16:13.760
counties, amounting to four hundred and
sixty.

01:16:16.140 --> 01:16:19.840
During the reign of King James II,
these people were, through the

01:16:19.840 --> 01:16:24.360
intercession of their friend Mr. Penn,
treated with greater indulgence than ever

01:16:24.360 --> 01:16:25.320
they had been before.

01:16:26.100 --> 01:16:30.160
They were now become extremely numerous in
many parts of the country, and the

01:16:30.160 --> 01:16:34.120
settlement of Pennsylvania taking place
soon after, many of them went over to

01:16:34.120 --> 01:16:34.560
America.

01:16:35.240 --> 01:16:38.700
There they enjoyed the blessings of a
peaceful government, and cultivated the

01:16:38.700 --> 01:16:40.060
arts of honest industry.

01:16:41.600 --> 01:16:46.440
As the whole colony was the property of
Mr. Penn, so he invited people of all

01:16:46.440 --> 01:16:48.360
denominations to come and settle with him.

01:16:48.880 --> 01:16:53.640
A universal liberty of conscience took
place, and in this new colony the natural

01:16:53.640 --> 01:16:56.520
rights of mankind were for the first time
established.

01:16:58.420 --> 01:17:03.060
These friends are in the present age a
very harmless, inoffensive body of people,

01:17:03.380 --> 01:17:05.640
but of that we shall take more notice
hereafter.

01:17:06.200 --> 01:17:10.960
By their wise regulations they not only do
honour to themselves, but they are of vast

01:17:10.960 --> 01:17:12.060
service to the community.

01:17:13.700 --> 01:17:18.280
It may be necessary here to observe that
as the friends, commonly called Quakers,

01:17:18.600 --> 01:17:22.720
will not take an oath in a court of
justice, so their affirmation is permitted

01:17:22.720 --> 01:17:27.140
in all civil affairs, but they cannot
prosecute a criminal, because in the

01:17:27.140 --> 01:17:30.360
English courts of justice all evidence
must be upon oath.