WEBVTT

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An Account of the Persecution of Friends,
Commonly Called Quakers, in the United

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States About the middle of the seventeenth
century, much persecution and suffering

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were inflicted on a sect of Protestant
dissenters, commonly called Quakers,

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a people which arose at that time in
England, some of whom sealed their

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testimony with their blood.

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For an account of the above people sees
Sewell's or Goff's history of them.

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The principal points upon which their
conscientious nonconformity rendered them

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obnoxious to the penalties of the law were
1.

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The Christian resolution of assembling
publicly for the worship of God in a

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manner most agreeable to their
consciences.

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2.

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Their refusal to pay tithes, which they
esteemed a Jewish ceremony, abrogated by

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the coming of Christ.

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3.

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Their testimony against wars and fighting,
the practice of which they judged

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inconsistent with the command of Christ.

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4.

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Their constant obedience to the command of
Christ swear not at all.

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5.

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Their refusal to pay rates or assessments
for building and repairing houses for a

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worship which they did not approve.

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6.

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Their use of the proper and scriptural
language thou and thee to a single person,

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and their disuse of the custom of
uncovering their heads or pulling off

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their hats by way of homage to man.

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And 7.

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The necessity many found themselves under
of publishing what they believed to be the

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doctrine of truth, sometimes even in the
places appointed for the public national

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worship.

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Their conscientious noncompliance in the
preceding particulars exposed them to much

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persecution and suffering, which consisted
in prosecutions, fines, cruel beatings,

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whippings, and other corporal punishments,
imprisonment, banishment, and even death.

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To relate a particular account of their
persecutions and sufferings would extend

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beyond the limits of this work.

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We shall therefore refer for that
information to the histories already

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mentioned, and more particularly to Bess's
collection of their sufferings,

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and shall confine our account here mostly
to those who sacrificed their lives,

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and evince by their disposition of mind,
constancy, patience, and faithful

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perseverance, that they were influenced by
a sense of religious duty.

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Numerous and repeated were the
persecutions against them, and sometimes

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for transgressions or offences which the
law did not contemplate or embrace.

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Many of the fines and penalties exacted of
them were not only unreasonable and

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exorbitant, but as they could not
consistently pay them, were sometimes

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distrained to several times the value of
the demand, whereby many poor families

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were greatly distressed, and obliged to
depend on the assistance of their friends.

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Numbers were not only cruelly beaten and
whipped in a public manner like criminals,

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but some were branded, and others had
their ears cut off.

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Great numbers were long confined in
loathsome prisons, in which some ended

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their days in consequence thereof.

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Many were sentenced to banishment,
and a considerable number were

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transported.

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Some were banished on pain of death,
and four were actually executed by the

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hands of the hangman, as we shall here
relate, after inserting copies of some of

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the laws of the country where they
suffered.

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This is a quote from a general court held
at Boston, the 14th of October,

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1656.

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Whereas there is a cursed sect of
heretics, lately risen up in the world,

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which are commonly called Quakers,
who take upon them to be immediately sent

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from God, and infallibly assisted by the
Spirit, to speak and write blasphemous

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opinions, despising government and the
order of God in the church and

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commonwealth, speaking evil of dignities,
reproaching and reviling magistrates and

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ministers, seeking to turn the people from
the faith, and gain proselytes to their

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pernicious ways, this court, taking into
consideration the premises, and to prevent

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the like mischief, as by their means is
wrought in our land, doth hereby order,

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and by authority of this court,
be it ordered and enacted, that what

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master or commander of any ship,
barque, pink, or ketch, shall henceforth

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bring into any harbour, creek,
or cove within this jurisdiction,

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any Quaker, or Quakers, or other
blasphemous heretics, shall pay,

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or cause to be paid, the fine of one
hundred pounds to the treasurer of the

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country, except it appear he want true
knowledge or information of their being

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such, and in that case he hath liberty to
clear himself by his oath, when sufficient

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proof to the contrary is wanting,
and for default of good payment,

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or good security for it, shall be cast
into prison, and there to continue until

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the said sum be satisfied to the treasurer
as foresaid.

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And the commander of any ketch,
ship, or vessel being legally convicted,

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shall give in sufficient security to the
governor, or any one or more of the

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magistrates, who have power to determine
the same, to carry them back to the place

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whence he brought them, and on his refusal
to do so, the governor, or one or more of

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the magistrates, are hereby empowered to
issue out his or their warrants to commit

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such master or commander to prison,
there to continue until he give in

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sufficient security to the content of the
governor, or any of the magistrates as a

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foresaid.

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And it is hereby further ordered and
enacted, that what Quaker soever shall

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arrive in this country from foreign parts,
or shall come into this jurisdiction from

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any parts adjacent, shall be forthwith
committed to the house of correction,

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and at their entrance to be severely
whipped, and by the master thereof be kept

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constantly to work, and none suffer to
converse or speak with them during the

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time of their imprisonment, which shall be
no longer than necessity requires.

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And it is ordered, if any person shall
knowingly import into any harbour of this

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jurisdiction any Quaker's books or
writings concerning their devilish

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opinions, shall pay for such book or
writing, being legally proved against him

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or them, the sum of five pounds,
and whosoever shall disperse or conceal

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any such book or writing, and it be found
with him or her, or in his or her house,

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and shall not immediately deliver the same
to the next magistrate, shall forfeit or

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pay five pounds for the dispersing or
concealing of any such book or writing.

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And it is hereby further enacted,
that if any persons within this colony

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shall take upon them to defend the
heretical opinions of the Quakers,

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or any of their books or papers,
shall be fined for the first time forty

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shillings.

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If they shall persist in the same,
and shall again defend it the second time,

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four pounds.

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If notwithstanding they again defend and
maintain the said Quakers' heretical

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opinions, they shall be committed to the
House of Correction until there be

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convenient passage to send them out of the
land, being sentenced by the Court of

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Assistance to banishment.

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Lastly, it is hereby ordered that what
person or person soever shall revile the

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persons of the magistrates or ministers,
as is usual with the Quakers, such person

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or person shall be severely whipped,
or pay the sum of five pounds.

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This is a true copy of the Court's order,
as attests Edward Rawson, Secretary.

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The following quotation is from a General
Court held at Boston the 14th of October,

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1657.

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As an addition to the late order in
reference to the coming or bringing of any

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of the cursed sect of the Quakers into
this jurisdiction, it is ordered that

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whosoever shall from henceforth bring,
or cause to be brought directly or

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indirectly, any known Quaker or Quakers,
or other blasphemous heretics into this

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jurisdiction, every such person shall
forfeit the sum of one hundred pounds to

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the country, and shall by warrant from any
magistrate be committed to prison,

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there to remain until the penalty be
satisfied and paid.

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And if any person or persons within this
jurisdiction shall henceforth entertain

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and conceal any such Quaker or Quakers,
or other blasphemous heretics,

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knowing them so to be, every such person
shall forfeit to the country forty

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shillings for every hour's entertainment
and concealment of any Quaker or Quaker,

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etc., as aforesaid, and shall be committed
to prison, as aforesaid, until the

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forfeiture be fully satisfied and paid.

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And it is further ordered that if any
Quaker or Quaker shall presume,

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after they have once suffered what the law
requires, to come into this jurisdiction,

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every such male Quaker shall for the first
offence have one of his ears cut off,

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and be kept at work in the House of
Correction until he can be sent away at

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his own charge, and for the second offence
shall have his other ear cut off.

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And every woman Quaker that has suffered
the law here, that shall presume to come

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into this jurisdiction, shall be severely
whipped, and kept at the House of

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Corrections at work until she be sent away
at her own charge, and so also for her

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coming again she shall be alike,
used as a forcehead.

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And for every Quaker, he or she that shall
a third time herein again offend,

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they shall have their tongues bored
through with a hot iron, and be kept at

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the House of Correction close to work
until they be sent away at their own

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charge.

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And it is further ordered that all and
every Quaker arising from among ourselves

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shall be dealt with and suffer the like
punishment as the law provides against

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foreign Quakers.

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Edward Rawson, Secretary.

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The final quotation is from an Act made at
a General Court held at Boston the 20th of

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October 1658.

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Whereas there is a pernicious sect
commonly called Quakers, lately risen,

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who by word and writing have published and
maintained many dangerous and horrid

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tenets, and do take upon them to change
and alter the received laudable customs of

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our nation, in giving civil respect to
equals, or reverence to superiors,

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whose actions tend to undermine the civil
government, and also to destroy the order

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of the churches by denying all established
forms of worship, and by withdrawing from

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orderly church fellowship, allowed and
approved by all orthodox professors of

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truth, and instead thereof, and in
opposition thereunto, frequently meeting

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by themselves, insinuating themselves into
the minds of the simple, or such as are at

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least affected to the order and government
of church and commonwealth, whereby divers

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of our inhabitants have been infected,
notwithstanding all former laws,

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made upon the experience of their arrogant
and bold obtrusions, to disseminate their

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principles amongst us, prohibiting their
coming into this jurisdiction,

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they have not been deferred from their
impious attempts to undermine our peace

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and hazard our ruin.

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For prevention thereof, this court doth
order and enact, that any person or

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persons of the cursed sect of the Quakers,
who is not an inhabitant of, but is found

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within this jurisdiction, shall be
apprehended without warrant, where no

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magistrate is at hand, by any constable,
commissioner, or select man, and conveyed

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from constable to constable to the next
magistrate, who shall commit the said

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person to close prison, there to remain
without bail until the next court of

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assistance, where they shall have legal
trial.

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And being convicted to be of the sect of
the Quakers, shall be sentenced to

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banishment on pain of death, and that
every inhabitant of this jurisdiction,

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being convicted to be of the aforesaid
sect, either by taking up, publishing,

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or defending the horrid opinions of the
Quakers, or the stirring up mutiny,

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sedition, or rebellion against the
government, or by taking up their abusive

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and destructive practices, namely denying
civil respect to equals and superiors,

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and withdrawing from the church
assemblies, and instead thereof

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frequenting meetings of their own,
in opposition to our church order,

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adhering to or approving of any known
Quaker, and the tenets and practice of

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Quakers, that are opposite to the orthodox
received opinions of the godly,

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and endeavouring to disaffect others to
civil government and church order,

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or condemning the practice and proceedings
of this court against the Quakers,

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manifesting thereby their complying with
those, whose design is to overthrow the

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order established in church and state,
every such person, upon conviction before

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the said court of assistance, in manner
aforesaid, shall be committed to close

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prison for one month, and then,
unless they choose voluntarily to depart

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this jurisdiction, shall give bond for
their good behaviour, and appear at the

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next court, continuing obstinate,
and refusing to retract and reform the

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aforesaid opinions, they shall be
sentenced to banishment upon pain of

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death, and any one magistrate,
upon information given him of any such

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person, shall cause him to be apprehended,
and shall commit any such person to

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prison, according to his discretion,
until he come to trial, as aforesaid.

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It appears there were also laws passed in
both of the then colonies of New Plymouth

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and New Haven, and in the Dutch settlement
at New Amsterdam, now New York,

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prohibiting the people called Quakers from
coming into those places under severe

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penalties, in consequence of which some
underwent considerable suffering.

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The two first who were executed were
William Robinson, merchant of London,

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and Marmaduke Stevenson, a countryman of
Yorkshire.

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These, coming to Boston in the beginning
of September, were sent for by the court

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of assistance, and they are sentenced to
banishment on pain of death.

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This sentence was passed also on Mary
Dyer, mentioned hereafter, and Nicholas

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Davies, who were both at Boston.

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But William Robinson, being looked upon as
a teacher, was also condemned to be

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whipped severely, and the constable was
commanded to get an able man to do it.

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Then Robinson was brought into the street,
and there stripped, and having his hands

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put through the holes of the carriage of a
great gun, where the jailer held him,

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the executioner gave him twenty stripes
with a threefold cord whip.

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Then he and the other prisoners were
shortly after released and banished,

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as appears from the following warrant.

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You are required by these, presently to
set at liberty, William Robinson,

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Marmaduke Stevenson, Mary Dyer and
Nicholas Davies, who by an order of the

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court and council had been imprisoned,
because it appeared by their own

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confession, words and actions,
that they are Quakers, wherefore a

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sentence was pronounced against them to
depart this jurisdiction on pain of death,

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and that they must answer it at their
peril, if they or any of them after the

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fourteenth of this present month,
September, are found within this

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jurisdiction or any part thereof.

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Edward Rawson, Boston, September 12,
1659.

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Though Mary Dyer and Nicholas Davies left
that jurisdiction for that time,

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yet Robinson and Stevenson, though they
departed the town of Boston, could not yet

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resolve, not being free in mind,
to depart that jurisdiction, though their

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lives were at stake.

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And so they went to Salem, and some places
thereabouts, to visit and build up their

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friends in the faith.

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But it was not long before they were taken
and put again into prison at Boston,

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and chains locked to their legs.

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In the next month Mary Dyer returned also,
and as she stood before the prison

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speaking with one Christopher Holden,
who has come thither to inquire for a ship

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bound for England, whither he intended to
go, she was also taken into custody.

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Thus they had now three persons who,
according to the law, had forfeited their

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lives.

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And on the twentieth of October these
three were brought into court,

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where John Endicott and others were
assembled, and being called to the bar,

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Endicott commanded the keeper to pull off
their hats, and then said that they had

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made several laws to keep the Quakers from
amongst them, and neither whipping nor

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imprisoning nor cutting off ears nor
banishment upon pain of death would keep

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them from amongst them.

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And further he said that he or they
desired not the death of any of them.

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Yet, notwithstanding, his following words,
without more ado, were, Give ear and

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hearken to your sentence of death.

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Sentence of death was also passed upon
Marmaduke Stevenson, Mary Dyer and William

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Edred.

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Several others were imprisoned,
whipped and fined.

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We have no disposition to justify the
pilgrims for these proceedings,

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but we think, considering the
circumstances of the age in which they

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lived, their conduct admits of much
palliation.

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The fathers of New England endured
incredible hardships in providing for

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themselves a home in the wilderness,
and to protect themselves in the

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undisturbed enjoyment of rites which they
had purchased at so dear a rate.

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They sometimes adopted measures which,
if tried by the more enlightened and

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liberal views of the present day,
must at once be pronounced altogether

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unjustifiable.

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But shall they be condemned without mercy
for not acting up to principles which were

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unacknowledged and unknown throughout the
whole of Christendom?

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Shall they alone be held responsible for
opinions and conduct which had become

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sacred by antiquity and which were common
to Christians of all other denominations?

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Every government then in existence assumed
to itself the right to legislate in

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matters of religion and to restrain heresy
by penal statutes.

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This right was claimed by rulers,
admitted by subjects, and is sanctioned by

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the names of Lord Bacon and Montesquieu
and many others equally famed for their

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talents and learning.

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It is unjust, then, to press upon one poor
persecuted sect the sins of all

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Christendom.

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The fault of our fathers was the fault of
the age, and though this cannot justify,

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it certainly furnishes an extenuation of
their conduct.

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As well might you condemn them for not
understanding and acting up to the

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principles of religious toleration.

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At the same time, it is but just to say
that imperfect as were their views of the

18:00.410 --> 18:04.050
rights of conscience, they were
nevertheless far in advance of the age to

18:04.050 --> 18:08.170
which they belonged, and it is to them,
more than to any other class of men on

18:08.170 --> 18:12.610
earth, the world is indebted for the more
rational views that now prevail on the

18:12.610 --> 18:14.810
subject of civil and religious liberty.

18:19.050 --> 18:26.310
Chapter 19 An Account of the Life and
Persecutions of John Bunyan This great

18:26.310 --> 18:30.250
Puritan was born the same year that the
Pilgrim Fathers landed at Plymouth.

18:30.950 --> 18:34.050
His home was Elstow, near Bedford,
in England.

18:34.730 --> 18:37.650
His father was a tinker, and he was
brought up to the same trade.

18:38.710 --> 18:42.570
He was a lively, likeable boy,
with a serious and almost morbid side to

18:42.570 --> 18:43.070
his nature.

18:43.890 --> 18:47.790
All during his young manhood, he was
repenting for the vices of his youth,

18:48.170 --> 18:50.630
and yet he had never been either a
drunkard or immoral.

18:51.650 --> 18:55.390
The particular act that troubled his
conscience were dancing, ringing the

18:55.390 --> 18:56.950
church bells, and playing cat.

18:56.950 --> 19:01.910
It was while playing the latter game one
day that a voice did suddenly dart from

19:01.910 --> 19:06.110
heaven into my soul, which said,
"'Wilt thou leave thy sins and go to

19:06.110 --> 19:11.510
heaven, or have thy sins and go to hell?'
At about this time he overheard three or

19:11.510 --> 19:15.030
four poor women in Bedford talking as they
sat at the door in the sun.

19:16.010 --> 19:19.290
Their talk was about the new birth,
the work of God in the hearts.

19:19.630 --> 19:21.190
They were far above my reach.

19:22.890 --> 19:25.870
In his youth he was a member of the
Parliamentary Army for a year.

19:26.390 --> 19:31.130
The death of his comrade close beside him
deepened his tendency to serious thoughts,

19:31.650 --> 19:35.110
and there were times when he seemed almost
insane in his zeal and penitence.

19:35.910 --> 19:40.250
He was at one time quite assured that he
had sinned the unpardonable sin against

19:40.250 --> 19:41.050
the Holy Ghost.

19:42.190 --> 19:45.170
While he was still a young man,
he married a good woman who bought him a

19:45.170 --> 19:50.150
library of pious books, which he read with
assiduity, thus confirming his earnestness

19:50.150 --> 19:52.710
and increasing his love of religious
controversies.

19:53.810 --> 19:58.070
His conscience was still further awakened
through the persecution of the religious

19:58.070 --> 20:00.550
body of Baptists to whom he had joined
himself.

20:01.270 --> 20:04.650
Before he was thirty years old he had
become a leading Baptist preacher.

20:05.750 --> 20:07.870
Then came his turn for persecution.

20:08.850 --> 20:10.950
He was arrested for preaching without
licence.

20:12.230 --> 20:16.770
Before I went down to the justice I begged
of God that his will be done, for I was

20:16.770 --> 20:20.690
not without hopes that my imprisonment
might be an awakening to the saints in the

20:20.690 --> 20:21.010
country.

20:21.010 --> 20:26.810
Only in that matter did I commit the thing
to God, and verily at my return I did meet

20:26.810 --> 20:28.370
my God sweetly in the prison.

20:29.990 --> 20:33.950
His hardships were genuine on account of
the wretched condition of the prisons of

20:33.950 --> 20:34.490
those days.

20:35.530 --> 20:39.730
To this confinement was added the personal
grief of being parted from his young and

20:39.730 --> 20:43.610
second wife and four small children,
and particularly his little blind

20:43.610 --> 20:44.050
daughter.

20:45.070 --> 20:48.790
While he was in jail he was solaced by the
two books which he had brought with him,

20:48.790 --> 20:51.630
the Bible and Foxe's Book of Martyrs.

20:52.650 --> 20:56.610
Although he wrote some of his early books
during this long imprisonment,

20:56.970 --> 21:00.650
it was not until his second and shorter
one, three years after the first,

21:00.970 --> 21:04.970
that he composed his Immortal Pilgrims'
Progress, which was published three years

21:04.970 --> 21:05.330
later.

21:06.490 --> 21:11.470
In an earlier tract he had thought briefly
of the similarity between human life and a

21:11.470 --> 21:16.590
pilgrimage, and he now worked this theme
out in fascinating detail, using the rural

21:16.590 --> 21:21.050
scenery of England for his background,
the splendid city of London for his vanity

21:21.050 --> 21:25.810
fare, and the saints and villains of his
own personal acquaintance for the finely

21:25.810 --> 21:27.650
drawn characters of his allegory.

21:28.970 --> 21:33.050
The Pilgrims' Progress is truly the
rehearsal of Bunyan's own spiritual

21:33.050 --> 21:33.830
experiences.

21:34.730 --> 21:38.970
He himself had been the man clothed in
rags, with his face from his own house,

21:39.350 --> 21:41.770
a book in his hand and a great burden upon
his back.

21:42.970 --> 21:47.130
After he had realised that Christ was his
righteousness, and that this did not

21:47.130 --> 21:51.510
depend on the good frame of his heart,
or, as we should say, on his feelings,

21:52.090 --> 21:54.810
now did the chains fall off my legs
indeed.

21:55.730 --> 22:00.270
His had been doubting castle and sloughs
of despond, with much of the valley of

22:00.270 --> 22:02.030
humiliation and the shadow of death.

22:02.870 --> 22:04.570
But above all it is a book of victory.

22:05.670 --> 22:09.010
Once when he was leaving the doors of the
courthouse where he himself had been

22:09.010 --> 22:13.890
defeated, he wrote, As I was going forth
of the doors, I had much ado to bear

22:13.890 --> 22:16.930
saying to them that I carried the peace of
God along with me.

22:18.450 --> 22:21.850
In his vision was ever the celestial city,
with all its bells ringing.

22:22.950 --> 22:27.250
He had fought Apollyon constantly,
and often been wounded, shamed and fallen,

22:27.710 --> 22:31.010
yet in the end more than conqueror through
him that loved us.

22:32.190 --> 22:35.930
His book was at first received with much
criticism from his Puritan friends,

22:35.930 --> 22:39.870
who saw in it only an addition to the
worldly literature of his day.

22:40.510 --> 22:44.610
But there was not much then for Puritans
to read, and it was not long before it was

22:44.610 --> 22:48.550
devoutly laid beside their Bibles and
perused with gladness and with profit.

22:49.890 --> 22:54.570
It was perhaps two centuries later before
literary critics began to realise that

22:54.570 --> 22:59.050
this story, so full of human reality and
interest, and so marvellously modelled

22:59.050 --> 23:02.970
upon the English of the King James
translation of the Bible, is one of the

23:02.970 --> 23:04.170
glories of English literature.

23:04.170 --> 23:09.270
In his later years he wrote several other
allegories, of which one of them,

23:09.330 --> 23:14.090
the Holy War, it has been said that if the
pilgrim's progress had never been written,

23:14.310 --> 23:17.210
it would be regarded as the finest
allegory in the language.

23:19.510 --> 23:24.070
During the later years of his life Bunyan
remained in Bedford as a venerated local

23:24.070 --> 23:25.110
pastor and preacher.

23:25.870 --> 23:29.330
He was also a favourite speaker in the
non-conformist pulpits of London.

23:29.330 --> 23:34.030
He became so national a leader and teacher
that he was frequently called Bishop

23:34.030 --> 23:34.490
Bunyan.

23:35.490 --> 23:39.470
In his helpful and unselfish personal life
he was apostolic.

23:40.810 --> 23:45.210
His last illness was due to exposure upon
a journey in which he was endeavouring to

23:45.210 --> 23:47.150
reconcile a father with his son.

23:47.890 --> 23:50.410
His end came on the 3rd of August 1688.

23:51.190 --> 23:54.290
He was buried in Bunhill Fields,
a churchyard in London.

23:55.290 --> 24:00.510
There is no doubt but that the pilgrim's
progress has been more helpful than any

24:00.510 --> 24:01.950
other book but the Bible.

24:02.670 --> 24:06.810
It was timely, but it was still burning
martyrs in Vanity Fair while he was

24:06.810 --> 24:07.190
writing.

24:08.030 --> 24:12.090
It is enduring, for while it tells little
of living the Christian life in the family

24:12.090 --> 24:16.490
and community, it does interpret that life
so far as it is an expression of the

24:16.490 --> 24:18.690
solitary soul in homely language.

24:19.310 --> 24:23.170
Bunyan indeed showed how to build a
princely throne on humble truth.

24:23.170 --> 24:28.150
He has been his own great heart,
dauntless guide to pilgrims, to many.

24:31.440 --> 24:39.560
Chapter 20 An Account of the Life of John
Wesley John Wesley was born on the 17th of

24:39.560 --> 24:44.900
June 1703 in Epworth's Rectory,
England, the fifteenth of nineteen

24:44.900 --> 24:47.220
children of Charles and Susanna Wesley.

24:48.060 --> 24:52.220
The father of Wesley was a preacher,
and Wesley's mother was a remarkable woman

24:52.220 --> 24:53.560
in wisdom and intelligence.

24:54.060 --> 24:57.920
She was a woman of deep piety,
and brought her little ones into close

24:57.920 --> 25:02.180
contact with the Bible stories,
telling them from the tiles about the

25:02.180 --> 25:03.020
nursery fireplace.

25:04.980 --> 25:08.180
She also used to dress the children in
their best on the days when they were to

25:08.180 --> 25:11.640
have the privilege of learning their
alphabet, as an introduction to the

25:11.640 --> 25:12.880
reading of the Holy Scriptures.

25:15.000 --> 25:20.060
Young Wesley was a gay and a manly youth,
fond of games and particularly of dancing.

25:20.060 --> 25:24.460
At Oxford, he was a leader, and during the
latter part of his course there,

25:24.680 --> 25:28.940
was one of the founders of the Holy Club,
an organisation of serious-minded

25:28.940 --> 25:29.560
students.

25:30.760 --> 25:34.920
His religious nature deepened through
study and experience, but it was not until

25:34.920 --> 25:38.660
several years after he left the
University, and came under the influence

25:38.660 --> 25:42.520
of Luther's writings, that he felt that he
had entered into the full riches of the

25:42.520 --> 25:42.820
Gospel.

25:44.080 --> 25:48.280
He and his brother Charles were sent by
the Society for the Propagation of the

25:48.280 --> 25:52.160
Gospel to Georgia, where both of them
developed their powers as preachers.

25:53.620 --> 25:57.420
Upon their passage, they fell into the
company of several Moravian brethren,

25:57.880 --> 26:01.660
members of the association recently
renewed by the labours of Count

26:01.660 --> 26:02.440
Zinzendorf.

26:03.400 --> 26:07.880
It was noted by John Wesley in his diary,
that in a great tempest, when the English

26:07.880 --> 26:12.340
people on board lost all self-possession,
these Germans impressed him by their

26:12.340 --> 26:14.820
composure and entire resignation to God.

26:15.560 --> 26:18.480
He also marked their humility under
shameful treatment.

26:19.700 --> 26:24.360
It was on his return to England that he
entered into those deeper experiences and

26:24.360 --> 26:28.080
developed those marvellous powers as a
popular preacher, which made him a

26:28.080 --> 26:28.860
national leader.

26:29.700 --> 26:34.080
He was associated at this time also with
George Whitefield, the tradition of whose

26:34.080 --> 26:36.160
marvellous eloquence has never died.

26:37.600 --> 26:39.840
What he accomplished borders upon the
incredible.

26:40.520 --> 26:44.640
Upon entering his eighty-fifth year,
he thanked God that he was still almost as

26:44.640 --> 26:45.520
vigorous as ever.

26:45.520 --> 26:50.460
He ascribed it under God to the fact that
he had always slept soundly, had risen for

26:50.460 --> 26:54.440
sixty years at four o'clock in the
morning, and for fifty years had preached

26:54.440 --> 26:55.760
every morning at five.

26:57.100 --> 27:00.820
Seldom in all his life did he feel any
pain, care or anxiety.

27:01.360 --> 27:04.660
He preached twice each day and often
thrice or four times.

27:05.400 --> 27:09.360
It has been estimated that he travelled
every year forty-five hundred English

27:09.360 --> 27:11.060
miles, mostly upon horseback.

27:12.580 --> 27:18.040
The successes won by Methodist preaching
had to be gained through a long series of

27:18.040 --> 27:20.480
years and amid the most bitter
persecutions.

27:21.040 --> 27:26.260
In nearly every part of England it was met
at the first by the mob with stonings and

27:26.260 --> 27:28.820
peltings, with attempts at wounding and
slaying.

27:29.620 --> 27:33.240
Only at times was there any interference
on the part of the civil power.

27:34.260 --> 27:38.620
The two Wesleys faced all these dangers
with amazing courage and with a calmness

27:38.620 --> 27:39.300
equally astonishing.

27:39.300 --> 27:44.780
What was more irritating was the heaping
up of slander and abuse by the writers of

27:44.780 --> 27:45.100
the day.

27:45.700 --> 27:47.500
These books are now all forgotten.

27:49.560 --> 27:53.340
Wesley had been in his youth a high
churchman and was always deeply devoted to

27:53.340 --> 27:54.380
the established communion.

27:55.440 --> 27:59.540
When he found it necessary to ordain
preachers, the separation of his followers

27:59.540 --> 28:01.820
from the established body became
inevitable.

28:02.500 --> 28:07.300
The name Methodist soon attached to them
because of the particular organising power

28:07.300 --> 28:10.420
of their leader and the ingenious methods
that he applied.

28:11.400 --> 28:15.400
The Wesley Fellowship, which after his
death grew into the great Methodist

28:15.400 --> 28:19.600
Church, was characterised by an almost
military perfection of organisation.

28:20.560 --> 28:25.440
The entire management of his ever-growing
denomination rested upon Wesley himself.

28:26.220 --> 28:31.740
The annual conference, established in
1744, acquired a governing power only

28:31.740 --> 28:32.940
after the death of Wesley.

28:33.640 --> 28:38.720
Charles Wesley rendered the Society a
service incalculably great by his hymns.

28:39.120 --> 28:42.260
They introduced a new era in the hymnology
of the English Church.

28:43.420 --> 28:47.960
John Wesley apportioned his days to his
work in leading the Church to studying,

28:48.180 --> 28:51.400
for he was an incessant reader,
to travelling and to preaching.

28:53.460 --> 28:57.140
Wesley was untiring in his efforts to
disseminate useful knowledge throughout

28:57.140 --> 28:58.020
his denomination.

28:58.020 --> 29:03.060
He planned for the mental culture of his
travelling preachers and local exhorters

29:03.060 --> 29:06.500
and for schools of instruction for the
future teachers of the Church.

29:07.000 --> 29:12.080
He himself prepared books for popular use
upon universal history, church history and

29:12.080 --> 29:13.000
natural history.

29:14.600 --> 29:19.360
In this, Wesley was an apostle of the
modern union of mental culture with

29:19.360 --> 29:20.080
Christian living.

29:20.900 --> 29:25.400
He published also the best matured of his
sermons and various theological works.

29:25.400 --> 29:30.600
These, both by their depth and their
penetration of thought and by their purity

29:30.600 --> 29:33.420
and precision of style, excite our
admiration.

29:35.440 --> 29:39.420
John Wesley was of but ordinary stature
and yet of noble presence.

29:40.320 --> 29:43.000
His features were very handsome even in
old age.

29:43.500 --> 29:47.420
He had an open brow, an eagle nose,
a clear eye and a fresh complexion.

29:48.020 --> 29:51.720
His manners were fine and, in choice
company with Christian people,

29:51.760 --> 29:52.960
he enjoyed relaxation.

29:54.460 --> 29:59.500
Persistent, laborious love for men's
souls, steadfastness and tranquility of

29:59.500 --> 30:02.340
spirit were his most prominent traits of
character.

30:03.280 --> 30:07.040
Even in doctrinal controversies,
he exhibited the greatest calmness.

30:07.500 --> 30:09.020
He was kind and very liberal.

30:09.860 --> 30:11.680
His industry has been named already.

30:12.520 --> 30:16.560
In the last 52 years of his life,
it is estimated that he preached more than

30:16.560 --> 30:18.100
40,000 sermons.

30:19.640 --> 30:23.760
Wesley brought sinners to repentance
throughout three kingdoms and over two

30:23.760 --> 30:24.400
hemispheres.

30:25.400 --> 30:29.620
He was the bishop of such a diocese as
neither the Eastern nor the Western Church

30:29.620 --> 30:30.720
ever witnessed before.

30:31.520 --> 30:36.060
What is there in the circle of Christian
effort, foreign missions, home missions,

30:36.280 --> 30:39.580
Christian tracts and literature,
field preaching, circuit preaching,

30:40.120 --> 30:44.660
Bible readings or aught else, which was
not attempted by John Wesley, which was

30:44.660 --> 30:48.140
not grasped by his mighty mind through the
aid of his divine leader?

30:49.120 --> 30:53.900
To him it was granted to arouse the
English Church, when it had lost sight of

30:53.900 --> 30:56.880
Christ the Redeemer, to a renewed
Christian life.

30:57.920 --> 31:01.760
By preaching the justifying and renewing
of the soul through belief upon Christ,

31:02.360 --> 31:05.880
he lifted many thousands of the humbler
classes of the English people from their

31:05.880 --> 31:10.300
exceeding ignorance and evil habits and
made them earnest, faithful Christians.

31:10.300 --> 31:15.900
His untiring effort made itself felt not
in England alone, but in America and in

31:15.900 --> 31:16.860
continental Europe.

31:17.840 --> 31:21.860
Not only the germs of almost all the
existing zeal in England on behalf of

31:21.860 --> 31:26.080
Christian truth and life are due to
Methodism, but the activities stirred up

31:26.080 --> 31:30.740
in other portions of Protestant Europe we
must trace indirectly at least to Wesley.

31:31.860 --> 31:37.560
He died in 1791 after a long life of
tireless labour and unselfish service.

31:37.560 --> 31:43.520
His fervent spirit and hearty brotherhood
still survives in the body that cherishes

31:43.520 --> 31:44.140
his name.

31:48.440 --> 31:49.680
Chapter 21.

31:50.820 --> 31:55.900
Persecutions of the French Protestants in
the South of France during the years 1814

31:55.900 --> 31:57.480
and 1820.

31:59.940 --> 32:03.800
The persecution in this Protestant part of
France continued with very little

32:03.800 --> 32:09.200
intermission from the revocation of the
Edict of Nantes by Louis XIV until a very

32:09.200 --> 32:12.600
short period previous to the commencement
of the late French Revolution.

32:14.200 --> 32:18.980
In the year 1785, Monsieur
Rébeau-Saint-Étienne and the celebrated

32:18.980 --> 32:23.580
Monsieur de Lafayette were among the first
persons who interested themselves with the

32:23.580 --> 32:29.080
court of Louis XVI in removing the scourge
of persecution from this injured people,

32:29.200 --> 32:30.920
the inhabitants of the South of France.

32:32.040 --> 32:36.640
Such was the opposition on the part of the
Catholics and the courtiers that it was

32:36.640 --> 32:41.200
not until the end of the year 1790 that
the Protestants were freed from their

32:41.200 --> 32:41.700
alarms.

32:42.560 --> 32:46.500
Previous to this, the Catholics at Nîmes
in particular had taken up arms.

32:48.160 --> 32:50.700
Nîmes then presented a frightful
spectacle.

32:51.160 --> 32:55.060
Armed men ran through the city,
fired from the corners of the streets and

32:55.060 --> 32:57.440
attacked all they met with swords and
forks.

32:58.120 --> 33:02.140
A man named Astuc was wounded and thrown
into the aqueduct.

33:02.800 --> 33:07.500
Baudin fell under the repeated strokes of
bayonets and sabres and his body was also

33:07.500 --> 33:08.480
thrown into the water.

33:09.160 --> 33:13.960
Boucher, a young man only 17 years of age,
was shot as he was looking out of his

33:13.960 --> 33:14.280
window.

33:15.000 --> 33:17.240
Three electors wounded, one dangerously.

33:17.740 --> 33:21.960
Another elector wounded only escaped death
by repeatedly declaring he was a Catholic.

33:22.660 --> 33:26.200
A third received four sabre wounds and was
taken home dreadfully mangled.

33:26.860 --> 33:31.180
The citizens that fled were arrested by
the Catholics upon the roads and obliged

33:31.180 --> 33:34.060
to give proofs of their religion before
their lives were granted.

33:35.060 --> 33:39.040
Monsieur and Madame Vogue were at their
country house, which the zealots broke

33:39.040 --> 33:42.280
open, where they massacred both and
destroyed their dwelling.

33:43.280 --> 33:48.220
Monsieur Blanchet, a Protestant 70 years
of age, was cut to pieces with a sickle.

33:48.800 --> 33:52.880
Young Pierre, carrying some food to his
brother, was asked, Catholic or

33:52.880 --> 33:53.280
Protestant?

33:54.120 --> 33:58.160
Protestant, being the reply, a monster
fired at the lad and he fell.

33:59.020 --> 34:02.960
One of the murderer's companions said,
you might as well have killed a lamb.

34:03.720 --> 34:07.880
I have sworn, replied he, to kill four
Protestants for my share, and this will

34:07.880 --> 34:08.560
count for one.

34:09.640 --> 34:14.260
However, as these atrocities provoked the
troops to unite in defence of the people,

34:14.740 --> 34:19.000
a terrible vengeance was retaliated upon
the Catholic party that had used arms,

34:19.000 --> 34:23.280
which, with other circumstances,
especially the toleration exercised by

34:23.280 --> 34:27.780
Napoleon Bonaparte, kept them down
completely until the year 1814,

34:28.300 --> 34:32.960
when the unexpected return of the ancient
government rallied them all once more

34:32.960 --> 34:34.180
round the old banners.

34:36.720 --> 34:40.460
The arrival of King Louis XVIII at Paris.

34:41.140 --> 34:45.160
This was known at Nîmes on the 13th of
April, 1814.

34:46.360 --> 34:49.960
In a quarter of an hour, the white cockade
was seen in every direction.

34:50.460 --> 34:54.240
The white flag floated on the public
buildings, on the splendid monuments of

34:54.240 --> 34:58.020
antiquity, and even on the Tower of Mange
beyond the city walls.

34:59.000 --> 35:03.160
The Protestants, whose commerce had
suffered materially during the war,

35:03.540 --> 35:07.800
were among the first to unite in the
general joy and to send in their adhesion

35:07.800 --> 35:12.500
to the Senate and the legislative body,
and several of the Protestant departments

35:12.500 --> 35:14.060
sent addresses to the throne.

35:15.040 --> 35:19.660
But, unfortunately, Monsieur Frémont was
again at Nîmes at the moment when many

35:19.660 --> 35:24.820
bigots, being ready to join him,
the blindness and fury of the 16th century

35:24.820 --> 35:28.960
rapidly succeeded the intelligence and
philanthropy of the 19th.

35:29.800 --> 35:33.540
A line of distinction was instantly traced
between men of different religious

35:33.540 --> 35:34.120
opinions.

35:34.120 --> 35:39.300
The spirit of the old Catholic Church was
again to regulate each person's share of

35:39.300 --> 35:40.300
esteem and safety.

35:41.440 --> 35:45.520
The difference of religion was now to
govern everything else, and even Catholic

35:45.520 --> 35:50.220
domestics, who had served Protestants with
zeal and affection, began to neglect their

35:50.220 --> 35:53.400
duties or to perform them ungraciously and
with reluctance.

35:54.520 --> 35:58.700
At the feats and spectacles that were
given at the public expense, the absence

35:58.700 --> 36:03.360
of the Protestants was charged on them as
a proof of their disloyalty, and in the

36:03.360 --> 36:07.940
midst of the cries of Vive le Roi,
the discordant sounds of Abba le maire,

36:08.280 --> 36:09.820
down with the maire, were heard.

36:11.140 --> 36:13.020
Monsieur Castleton was a Protestant.

36:13.740 --> 36:18.340
He appeared in public with the Prefect,
Monsieur Roulan, a Catholic, when potatoes

36:18.340 --> 36:21.400
were thrown at him, and the people
declared that he ought to resign his

36:21.400 --> 36:21.760
office.

36:22.360 --> 36:26.880
The bigots of Nîmes even succeeded in
procuring an address to be presented to

36:26.880 --> 36:31.380
the King, stating that there ought to be
in France but one God, one King,

36:31.540 --> 36:32.400
and one faith.

36:33.320 --> 36:36.280
In this they were imitated by the
Catholics of several towns.

36:41.900 --> 36:46.740
About this time, Monsieur Baron,
Councillor of the Cour Royale of Nîmes,

36:47.120 --> 36:52.440
formed the plan of dedicating to God a
silver child if the Duchesse d'Angoulême

36:52.440 --> 36:54.180
would give a prince to France.

36:54.180 --> 36:59.380
This project was converted into a public
religious vow, which was the subject of

36:59.380 --> 37:01.340
conversation both in public and private.

37:02.560 --> 37:07.100
Whilst persons whose imaginations were
inflamed by these proceedings ran about

37:07.100 --> 37:11.260
the streets crying, Vive les Bourbons,
or the Bourbons forever.

37:12.660 --> 37:16.960
In consequence of this superstitious
frenzy, it is said that at Alais women

37:16.960 --> 37:22.000
were advised and instigated to poison
their Protestant husbands, and at length

37:22.000 --> 37:24.960
it was found convenient to accuse them of
political crimes.

37:25.560 --> 37:28.700
They could no longer appear in public
without insults and injuries.

37:29.520 --> 37:33.300
When the mobs met with Protestants,
they seized them and danced round them

37:33.300 --> 37:38.820
with barbarous joy, and amidst repeated
cries of Vive le Roi, they sang verses,

37:38.980 --> 37:43.220
the burden of which was we will wash our
hands in Protestant blood and make black

37:43.220 --> 37:45.640
puddings of the blood of Calvin's
children.

37:47.480 --> 37:52.040
The citizens who came to the promenade for
air and refreshment from the close and

37:52.040 --> 37:57.020
dirty streets were chased with shouts of
Vive le Roi, as if those shouts were to

37:57.020 --> 37:58.420
justify every excess.

37:59.260 --> 38:02.880
If Protestants referred to the charter,
they were directly assured it would be of

38:02.880 --> 38:07.080
no use to them, and that they had only
been managed to be more effectually

38:07.080 --> 38:07.720
destroyed.

38:08.640 --> 38:12.540
Persons of rank were heard to say in the
public streets, all the Huguenots must be

38:12.540 --> 38:16.400
killed, this time their children must be
killed, that none of the accursed race may

38:16.400 --> 38:16.800
remain.

38:18.480 --> 38:21.880
Still, it is true they were not murdered,
but cruelly treated.

38:22.640 --> 38:26.760
Protestant children could no longer mix in
the sports of Catholics, and were not even

38:26.760 --> 38:28.680
permitted to appear without their parents.

38:29.580 --> 38:33.860
At dark, their families shut themselves up
in their apartments, but even then stones

38:33.860 --> 38:35.220
were thrown against their windows.

38:36.220 --> 38:39.940
When they arose in the morning,
it was not uncommon to find gibbets drawn

38:39.940 --> 38:44.740
on their doors or walls, and in the
streets the Catholics held cords already

38:44.740 --> 38:49.140
soaked before their eyes, and pointed out
the instruments by which they hoped and

38:49.140 --> 38:50.600
designed to exterminate them.

38:51.520 --> 38:56.180
Small gallows or models were handed about,
and a man who lived opposite to one of the

38:56.180 --> 39:00.500
pastors exhibited one of these models in
his window, and made signs sufficiently

39:00.500 --> 39:02.560
intelligible when the minister passed.

39:03.460 --> 39:07.500
A figure representing a Protestant
preacher was also hung up on a public

39:07.500 --> 39:11.300
crossway, and the most atrocious songs
were sung under his window.

39:13.080 --> 39:17.340
Towards the conclusion of the carnival,
a plan had even been formed to make a

39:17.340 --> 39:21.180
caricature of the four ministers of the
place and burn them in effigy,

39:21.500 --> 39:24.820
but this was prevented by the mayor of
Nîmes, a Protestant.

39:26.100 --> 39:30.560
A dreadful song, presented to the prefect
in the country dialect with a false

39:30.560 --> 39:35.800
translation, was printed by his approval,
and had a great run before he saw the

39:35.800 --> 39:38.240
extent of the error into which he had been
betrayed.

39:39.240 --> 39:43.820
The 63rd regiment of the line was publicly
censured and insulted for having,

39:43.940 --> 39:46.300
according to order, protected Protestants.

39:47.020 --> 39:50.720
In fact, the Protestants seemed to be as
sheep destined for the slaughter.

39:56.870 --> 40:02.710
In May 1815, a federative association,
similar to that of Lyon, Grenoble,

40:03.090 --> 40:08.190
Paris, Avignon and Montpellier,
was desired by many persons at Nîmes,

40:08.630 --> 40:13.530
but this federation terminated here after
an ephemeral and illusory existence of

40:13.530 --> 40:14.470
fourteen days.

40:15.590 --> 40:18.770
In the meanwhile, a large party of
Catholic zealots were in arms at

40:18.770 --> 40:24.210
Beaucaire, who soon pushed their patrols
so near the walls of Nîmes so as to alarm

40:24.210 --> 40:24.890
the inhabitants.

40:25.810 --> 40:30.450
These Catholics applied to the English off
Marseille for assistance, and obtained the

40:30.450 --> 40:34.090
grant of one thousand muskets,
ten thousand cartouches, etc.

40:35.390 --> 40:39.810
General Gilly, however, was soon sent
against these partisans, who prevented

40:39.810 --> 40:42.890
them from coming to extremes by granting
them an armistice.

40:43.570 --> 40:48.030
And yet, when Louis XVIII had returned to
Paris after the expiration of Napoleon's

40:48.030 --> 40:52.430
reign of a hundred days, and peace and
party spirit seemed to have been subdued,

40:52.530 --> 40:58.370
even at Nîmes, bands from Beaucaire joined
Trestayens in the city to glut the

40:58.370 --> 41:00.410
vengeance they had so long premeditated.

41:01.410 --> 41:05.290
General Gilly had left the department
several days, the troops of the line left

41:05.290 --> 41:09.710
behind had taken the white cockade,
and waited further orders, whilst the new

41:09.710 --> 41:13.950
commissioners had only to proclaim the
cessation of hostilities and the complete

41:13.950 --> 41:15.710
establishment of the king's authority.

41:16.850 --> 41:17.410
In vain.

41:17.990 --> 41:22.090
No commissioners appeared, no dispatches
arrived to calm and regulate the public

41:22.090 --> 41:26.950
mind, but towards evening the advanced
guard of the banditi, to the amount of

41:26.950 --> 41:31.150
several hundreds, entered the city,
undesired but unopposed.

41:32.510 --> 41:36.510
As they marched, without order or
discipline, covered with clothes or rags

41:36.510 --> 41:41.210
of all colours, decorated with cockades
not white, but white and green,

41:41.610 --> 41:46.590
armed with muskets, sabres, forks,
pistols, and reaping-hooks, intoxicated

41:46.590 --> 41:50.590
with wine, and stained with the blood of
the Protestants they had murdered on their

41:50.590 --> 41:54.250
route, they presented a most hideous and
appalling spectacle.

41:55.710 --> 42:00.790
In the open place in front of the
barracks, these banditi were joined by the

42:00.790 --> 42:05.250
city-armed mob headed by Jacques Dupont,
commonly called Trestaillon.

42:06.290 --> 42:09.870
To save the effusion of blood,
this garrison of about five hundred men

42:09.870 --> 42:13.770
consented to capitulate, and marched out,
sad and defenceless.

42:13.770 --> 42:18.670
But when about fifty had passed,
the rabble commenced a tremendous fire on

42:18.670 --> 42:20.990
their confiding and unprotected victims.

42:22.150 --> 42:25.970
Nearly all were killed or wounded,
and but very few could re-enter the yard

42:25.970 --> 42:28.070
before the garrison gates were again
closed.

42:28.650 --> 42:32.990
These were again forced in an instant,
and all were massacred who would not climb

42:32.990 --> 42:35.410
over roofs or leap into the adjoining
gardens.

42:36.350 --> 42:41.070
In a word, death met them in every place
and in every shape, and this Catholic

42:41.070 --> 42:45.990
massacre rivaled in cruelty and surpassed
in treachery the crimes of the September

42:45.990 --> 42:50.390
Assassins of Paris and the Jacobinical
Butcheries of Lyon and Avignon.

42:51.310 --> 42:55.610
It was marked not only by the fervour of
the Revolution, but by the subtlety of the

42:55.610 --> 42:59.710
League, and will long remain a blot upon
the history of the Second Restoration.

43:02.370 --> 43:08.730
Massacre and Pillage at Nîmes Nîmes now
exhibited a most awful scene of outrage

43:08.730 --> 43:09.510
and carnage.

43:10.370 --> 43:13.850
Though many of the Protestants had fled to
the Convene and the Gare de Nantes,

43:14.490 --> 43:16.090
the country houses of Messrs.

43:16.390 --> 43:21.450
Ray, Guiret, and several others had been
pillaged, and the inhabitants treated with

43:21.450 --> 43:22.650
wanton barbarity.

43:23.310 --> 43:26.930
Two parties had glutted their savage
appetites on the farm of Madame Fra.

43:27.690 --> 43:32.050
The first, after eating, drinking,
and breaking the furniture, and stealing

43:32.050 --> 43:35.870
what they thought proper, took leave by
announcing the arrival of their comrades,

43:36.370 --> 43:39.250
compared with whom they said they should
be thought merciful.

43:40.430 --> 43:42.790
Three men and an old woman were left on
the premises.

43:43.570 --> 43:46.090
At the sight of the second company,
two of the men fled.

43:46.670 --> 43:49.210
''Are you a Catholic?'' said the banditi
to the old woman.

43:50.010 --> 43:54.430
''Yes.'' ''Repeat, then, your pater and
ave.'' Being terrified, she hesitated,

43:54.550 --> 43:56.730
and was instantly knocked down with a
musket.

43:57.490 --> 44:02.450
On recovering her senses, she stole out of
the house, but met Ladet, the old valet de

44:02.450 --> 44:06.630
ferme, bringing in a salad, which the
depredators had ordered him to cut.

44:07.530 --> 44:09.690
In vain she endeavoured to persuade him to
fly.

44:10.170 --> 44:11.790
''Are you a Protestant?'' they exclaimed.

44:11.930 --> 44:17.110
''I am.'' A musket being discharged at
him, he fell wounded, but not dead.

44:18.010 --> 44:21.970
To consummate their work, the monsters
lighted a fire with straw and boards,

44:22.230 --> 44:26.250
threw their living victim into the flames,
and suffered him to expire in the most

44:26.250 --> 44:27.210
dreadful agonies.

44:27.210 --> 44:30.310
They then ate their salad, omelette,
etc.

44:30.890 --> 44:35.390
The next day, some labourers, seeing the
house open and deserted, entered and

44:35.390 --> 44:37.730
discovered the half-consumed body of
Ladet.

44:38.690 --> 44:40.470
The Prefect of the Guard, M.

44:40.610 --> 44:45.690
d'Arbeau-Juc, attempting to palliate the
crimes of the Catholics, had the audacity

44:45.690 --> 44:50.510
to assert that Ladet was a Catholic,
but this was publicly contradicted by two

44:50.510 --> 44:51.790
of the pastors at Nîmes.

44:53.290 --> 44:58.210
Another party committed a dreadful murder
at Saint-Caesare, upon Amber-la-Plume,

44:58.310 --> 44:59.770
the husband of Susan Chivat.

45:00.730 --> 45:03.030
He was met on returning from work in the
fields.

45:03.570 --> 45:07.390
The Chief promised him his life,
but insisted that he must be conducted to

45:07.390 --> 45:08.410
the prison at Nîmes.

45:09.550 --> 45:13.210
Seeing, however, that the party was
determined to kill him, he resumed his

45:13.210 --> 45:17.150
natural character, and being a powerful
and courageous man, advanced and

45:17.150 --> 45:18.930
exclaimed, ''You are brigands.

45:19.430 --> 45:24.890
Fire!'' Four of them fired and he fell,
but he was not dead, and while living they

45:24.890 --> 45:29.550
mutilated his body, and then passing a
cord round it, drew it along attached to a

45:29.550 --> 45:31.030
cannon of which they had possession.

45:31.970 --> 45:36.010
It was not until after eight days that his
relatives were apprised of his death.

45:37.210 --> 45:42.330
Five individuals of the family of Chivat,
all husbands and fathers, were massacred

45:42.330 --> 45:43.610
in the course of a few days.

45:45.170 --> 45:49.810
The merciless treatment of the women in
this persecution at Nîmes was such as

45:49.810 --> 45:52.490
would have disgraced any savages ever
heard of.

45:53.190 --> 45:58.430
The widows Rivet and Bernard were forced
to sacrifice enormous sums, and the house

45:58.430 --> 46:01.510
of Madame LeQuant was ravaged and her
goods destroyed.

46:02.230 --> 46:02.830
Madame F.

46:02.950 --> 46:06.630
Didier had her dwelling sacked and nearly
demolished to the foundation.

46:07.910 --> 46:12.470
A party of these bigots visited the widow
Perrin, who lived on a little farm at the

46:12.470 --> 46:12.950
windmills.

46:13.510 --> 46:17.070
Having committed every species of
devastation, they attacked even the

46:17.070 --> 46:20.070
sanctuary of the dead, which contained the
relics of her family.

46:20.630 --> 46:24.590
They dragged the coffins out and scattered
the contents over the adjacent grounds.

46:25.590 --> 46:29.870
In vain, this outraged widow collected the
bones of her ancestors and replaced them.

46:30.150 --> 46:34.210
They were again dug up, and after several
useless efforts, they were reluctantly

46:34.210 --> 46:36.510
left, spread over the surface of the
fields.

46:40.010 --> 46:47.350
Royal Decree in Favour of the Persecuted
At length, the decree of Louis XVIII,

46:47.750 --> 46:51.850
which annulled all the extraordinary
powers conferred either by the king,

46:51.990 --> 46:56.790
the princes, or subordinate agents,
was received at Nîmes, and the laws were

46:56.790 --> 47:00.990
now to be administered by the regular
organs, and a new prefect arrived to carry

47:00.990 --> 47:01.750
them into effect.

47:02.590 --> 47:06.910
But in spite of proclamations,
the work of destruction, stopped for a

47:06.910 --> 47:10.690
moment, was not abandoned, but soon
renewed with fresh vigour and effect.

47:11.870 --> 47:17.670
On the 30th of July, Jacques Combe,
the father of a family, was killed by some

47:17.670 --> 47:22.690
of the national guards of Rousseau,
and the crime was so public that the

47:22.690 --> 47:26.390
commander of the party restored to the
family the pocketbook and papers of the

47:26.390 --> 47:26.790
deceased.

47:27.850 --> 47:31.750
On the following day, tumultuous crowds
roamed about the city and suburbs,

47:32.150 --> 47:35.890
threatening the wretched peasants,
and on the 1st of August they butchered

47:35.890 --> 47:36.990
them without opposition.

47:38.690 --> 47:43.590
About noon on the same day, six armed men,
headed by Truffémy, the butcher,

47:44.090 --> 47:46.230
surrounded the house of Monod,
a carpenter.

47:46.950 --> 47:49.970
Two of the party, who were smiths,
had been at work in the house the day

47:49.970 --> 47:55.070
before, and had seen a Protestant who had
taken refuge there, Monsieur Bourillon,

47:55.330 --> 47:58.570
who had been a lieutenant in the army,
and had retired on a pension.

47:59.530 --> 48:03.410
He was a man of an excellent character,
peaceable and harmless, and had never

48:03.410 --> 48:04.850
served the Emperor Napoleon.

48:05.670 --> 48:10.290
Truffémy, not knowing him, he was pointed
out, partaking of a frugal breakfast with

48:10.290 --> 48:10.750
the family.

48:11.550 --> 48:16.230
Truffémy ordered him to go along with him,
adding, ''Your friend Socine is already in

48:16.230 --> 48:20.890
the other world.'' Truffémy placed him in
the middle of his troop, and artfully

48:20.890 --> 48:26.010
ordered him to cry, ''Vive l'Empereur!''
He refused, adding he had never served the

48:26.010 --> 48:26.290
Emperor.

48:26.990 --> 48:31.090
In vain did the women and children of the
house intercede for his life, and praise

48:31.090 --> 48:32.950
his amiable and virtuous qualities.

48:33.650 --> 48:38.510
He was marched to the esplanade and shot,
first by Truffémy, and then by the others.

48:39.250 --> 48:43.510
Several persons, attracted by the firing,
approached, but were threatened with a

48:43.510 --> 48:44.190
similar fate.

48:46.110 --> 48:51.350
After some time the wretches departed,
shouting ''Vive l'Empereur!'' Some women

48:51.350 --> 48:55.590
met them, and one of them, appearing
affected, said, ''I've killed seven today

48:55.590 --> 49:00.310
for my share, and if you say a word you
shall be the eighth.'' Pierre Coubet,

49:00.530 --> 49:05.250
a stocking-weaver, was torn from his loom
by an armed band and shot at his own door.

49:05.890 --> 49:09.710
His eldest daughter was knocked down with
the butt-end of a musket, and a poignard

49:09.710 --> 49:13.030
was held at the breast of his wife while
the mob plundered her apartments.

49:13.730 --> 49:18.090
Paul Herod, a silk-weaver, was literally
cut in pieces in the presence of a large

49:18.090 --> 49:22.850
crowd, and amidst the unavailing cries and
tears of his wife and four young children.

49:23.730 --> 49:27.690
The murderers only abandoned the corpse to
return to Herod's house and secure

49:27.690 --> 49:28.710
everything valuable.

49:28.710 --> 49:32.490
The number of murders on this day could
not be ascertained.

49:33.030 --> 49:37.090
One person saw six bodies at the
Courneuve, and nine were carried to the

49:37.090 --> 49:37.490
hospital.

49:40.010 --> 49:44.810
If murder sometime after became less
frequent for a few days, pillage and

49:44.810 --> 49:47.170
forced contributions were actively
enforced.

49:48.570 --> 49:53.510
Monsieur Saldombrot, at several visits,
was robbed of seven thousand francs,

49:53.510 --> 49:58.270
and on one occasion when he pleaded the
sacrifices he had made, "'Look,' said a

49:58.270 --> 50:03.170
bandit, pointing to his pipe, "'this will
set fire to your house, and this,'

50:03.170 --> 50:07.350
brandishing his sword, "'will finish
you.'" No reply could be made to these

50:07.350 --> 50:07.810
arguments.

50:08.510 --> 50:12.510
Monsieur Fellin, a silk-manufacturer,
was robbed of thirty-two thousand francs

50:12.510 --> 50:16.690
in gold, three thousand francs in silver,
and several bales of silk.

50:18.330 --> 50:22.510
The small shopkeepers were continually
exposed to visits and demands of

50:22.510 --> 50:27.070
provisions, drapery, or whatever they
sold, and the same hands that set fire to

50:27.070 --> 50:31.790
the houses of the rich, and tore up the
vines of the cultivator, broke the looms

50:31.790 --> 50:34.170
of the weaver, and stole the tools of the
artisan.

50:35.470 --> 50:38.090
Desolation reigned in the sanctuary and in
the city.

50:39.270 --> 50:42.210
The armed bands, instead of being reduced,
were increased.

50:42.770 --> 50:46.950
The fugitives, instead of returning,
received constant accessions, and their

50:46.950 --> 50:48.990
friends who sheltered them were deemed
rebellious.

50:49.950 --> 50:53.690
Those Protestants who remained were
deprived of all their civil and religious

50:53.690 --> 50:58.010
rights, and even the advocates and
huissiers entered into a resolution to

50:58.010 --> 51:01.670
exclude all of the pretended, reformed
religion from their bodies.

51:02.750 --> 51:06.190
Those who were employed in selling tobacco
were deprived of their licenses.

51:06.910 --> 51:10.170
The Protestant deacons, who had the charge
of the poor, were all scattered.

51:10.890 --> 51:13.110
Of five pastors, only two remained.

51:13.650 --> 51:17.110
One of these was obliged to change his
residence, and could only venture to

51:17.110 --> 51:21.330
administer the consolations of religion,
or perform the functions of his ministry

51:21.330 --> 51:22.490
under cover of the night.

51:24.150 --> 51:28.870
Not content with these modes of torment,
calumnious and inflammatory publications

51:28.870 --> 51:33.470
charged the Protestants with raising the
prescribed standard in the communes,

51:33.850 --> 51:38.230
and invoking the fallen Napoleon,
and, of course, as unworthy the protection

51:38.230 --> 51:39.970
of the laws and the favor of the monarch.

51:41.490 --> 51:44.790
Hundreds, after this, were dragged to
prison without even so much as a written

51:44.790 --> 51:49.650
order, and though an official newspaper,
bearing the title of the Journal du Gard,

51:49.950 --> 51:54.590
was set up for five months, while it was
influenced by the prefect, the mayor,

51:54.750 --> 51:58.830
and other functionaries, the word charter
was never once used in it.

51:59.510 --> 52:03.950
One of the first numbers, on the contrary,
represented the suffering Protestants as

52:03.950 --> 52:08.750
crocodiles only weeping from rage and
regret that they had no more victims to

52:08.750 --> 52:13.930
devour, as persons who had surpassed
Danton, Marat, and Robespierre in doing

52:13.930 --> 52:14.390
mischief.

52:14.390 --> 52:18.950
And as having prostituted their daughters
to the garrison to gain it over for

52:18.950 --> 52:19.470
Napoleon.

52:20.810 --> 52:25.050
An extract from this article, stamped with
the crown and the arms of the Bourbons,

52:25.410 --> 52:29.230
was hawked about the streets, and the
vendor was adorned with the medal of the

52:29.230 --> 52:29.610
police.

52:32.410 --> 52:38.570
Petition of the Protestant refugees To
these reproaches it is proper to oppose

52:38.570 --> 52:42.730
the petition which the Protestant refugees
in Paris presented to Louis XVIII,

52:43.370 --> 52:45.230
in behalf of their brethren at Nîmes.

52:46.090 --> 52:49.710
We lay at your feet, sire, our acute
sufferings.

52:50.310 --> 52:53.970
In your name our fellow-citizens are
slaughtered, and their property laid

52:53.970 --> 52:54.430
waste.

52:55.090 --> 52:59.650
Misled peasants, in pretended obedience to
your orders, had assembled at the command

52:59.650 --> 53:02.350
of a commissioner appointed by your august
nephew.

53:03.090 --> 53:06.510
Although ready to attack us, they were
received with the assurances of peace.

53:06.510 --> 53:12.070
On the 15th of July, 1815, we learned your
majesty's entrance into Paris,

53:12.450 --> 53:15.550
and the white flag immediately waved on
our edifices.

53:16.290 --> 53:20.850
The public tranquillity had not been
disturbed when armed peasants introduced

53:20.850 --> 53:21.410
themselves.

53:21.850 --> 53:25.490
The garrison capitulated, but were
assailed on their departure, and almost

53:25.490 --> 53:26.430
totally massacred.

53:26.990 --> 53:30.070
Our national guard was disarmed,
the city filled with strangers,

53:30.470 --> 53:33.910
and the houses of the principal
inhabitants, professing the reformed

53:33.910 --> 53:35.910
religion, were attacked and plundered.

53:36.430 --> 53:37.590
We subjoin the list.

53:38.050 --> 53:40.990
Terror has driven from our city the most
respectable inhabitants.

53:42.910 --> 53:46.990
Your majesty has been deceived if there
has not been placed before you the picture

53:46.990 --> 53:49.890
of the horrors which make a desert of your
good city of Nîmes.

53:50.630 --> 53:54.710
Arrests and proscriptions are continually
taking place, and difference of religious

53:54.710 --> 53:56.690
opinions is the real and only cause.

53:57.350 --> 54:00.030
The calumniated Protestants are the
defenders of the throne.

54:00.670 --> 54:03.390
Your nephew has beheld our children under
his banners.

54:03.390 --> 54:05.930
Our fortunes have been placed in his
hands.

54:06.670 --> 54:10.630
Attacked without reason, the Protestants
have not, even by a just resistance,

54:10.730 --> 54:13.410
afforded their enemies the fatal pretext
for calumny.

54:13.910 --> 54:14.730
Save us, sire.

54:15.350 --> 54:17.190
Extinguish the brand of civil war.

54:17.750 --> 54:22.690
A single act of your will would restore to
political existence a city interesting for

54:22.690 --> 54:24.610
its population and its manufacturers.

54:25.390 --> 54:29.030
Demand an account of their conduct from
the chiefs who had brought our misfortunes

54:29.030 --> 54:29.550
upon us.

54:30.190 --> 54:33.950
We place before your eyes all the
documents that have reached us.

54:34.430 --> 54:38.650
Fear paralyzes the hearts and stifles the
complaints of our fellow citizens.

54:39.350 --> 54:43.510
Placed in a more secure situation,
we venture to raise our voice in their

54:43.510 --> 54:45.690
behalf, etc., etc.

54:49.040 --> 54:51.140
Monstrous outrage upon females.

54:53.560 --> 54:57.660
At Nîmes, it is well known that the women
wash their clothes, either at the

54:57.660 --> 54:59.620
fountains or on the banks of streams.

54:59.620 --> 55:04.060
There is a large basin near the fountain
where numbers of women may be seen every

55:04.060 --> 55:08.120
day, kneeling at the edge of the water and
beating the clothes with heavy pieces of

55:08.120 --> 55:09.640
wood in the shape of battle doors.

55:10.680 --> 55:14.980
This spot became the scene of the most
shameful and indecent practices.

55:15.940 --> 55:19.860
The Catholic rabble turned the women's
petticoats over their heads and so

55:19.860 --> 55:24.180
fastened them as to continue their
exposure and their subjection to a newly

55:24.180 --> 55:28.820
invented species of chastisement,
for nails being placed in the wood of the

55:28.820 --> 55:33.300
batois in the form of fleurs-de-lis,
they beat them until the blood streamed

55:33.300 --> 55:35.520
from their bodies and their cries rent the
air.

55:36.360 --> 55:40.400
Often was death demanded as a commutation
of this ignominious punishment,

55:40.760 --> 55:42.800
but refused with a malignant joy.

55:43.740 --> 55:47.780
To carry their outrage to the highest
possible degree, several who were in a

55:47.780 --> 55:49.980
state of pregnancy were assailed in this
manner.

55:50.640 --> 55:54.600
The scandalous nature of these outrages
prevented many of the sufferers from

55:54.600 --> 55:58.060
making them public and especially from
relating the most aggravating

55:58.060 --> 55:58.860
circumstances.

55:59.800 --> 56:01.040
I have seen, says M.

56:01.200 --> 56:06.360
Durand, a Catholic advocate, accompanying
the assassins of the Faubourg-Bourgarde,

56:06.840 --> 56:09.940
arm a batois with sharp nails in the form
of fleurs-de-lis.

56:10.340 --> 56:14.660
I have seen them raise the garments of
females and apply with heavy blows to the

56:14.660 --> 56:19.580
bleeding body this batois or battle door,
to which they gave a name which my pen

56:19.580 --> 56:20.640
refuses to record.

56:21.260 --> 56:24.600
The cries of the sufferers, the streams of
blood, the murmurs of indignation,

56:24.600 --> 56:28.420
which were suppressed by fear,
nothing could move them.

56:29.020 --> 56:32.740
The surgeons who attended on those women
who were dead can attest by the marks of

56:32.740 --> 56:36.540
their wounds the agonies which they must
have endured, which, however horrible,

56:36.640 --> 56:38.120
is most strictly true.

56:39.980 --> 56:44.980
Nevertheless, during the progress of these
horrors and obscenities, so disgraceful to

56:44.980 --> 56:48.820
France and the Catholic religion,
the agents of government had a powerful

56:48.820 --> 56:52.960
force under their command, and by honestly
employing it they might have restored

56:52.960 --> 56:53.780
tranquillity.

56:54.860 --> 56:58.560
Murder and robbery, however, continued,
and were winked at by the Catholic

56:58.560 --> 57:00.640
magistrates, with very few exceptions.

57:01.460 --> 57:04.780
The administrative authorities,
it is true, used words in their

57:04.780 --> 57:09.280
proclamations, etc., but never had
recourse to actions to stop the enormities

57:09.280 --> 57:14.800
of the persecutors, who boldly declared
that on the 24th, the anniversary of St.

57:15.100 --> 57:17.880
Bartholomew, they intended to make a
general massacre.

57:18.420 --> 57:22.460
The members of the Reformed Church were
filled with terror, and instead of taking

57:22.460 --> 57:26.260
part in the election of deputies,
were occupied as well as they could in

57:26.260 --> 57:28.360
providing for their own personal safety.

57:31.960 --> 57:34.220
Outrages committed in the villages,
etc.

57:36.240 --> 57:40.260
We now quit Nîmes to take a view of the
conduct of the persecutors in the

57:40.260 --> 57:41.200
surrounding country.

57:42.440 --> 57:46.340
After the re-establishment of the royal
government, the local authorities were

57:46.340 --> 57:50.380
distinguished for their zeal and
forwardness in supporting their employers,

57:50.880 --> 57:54.760
and under pretence of rebellion,
concealment of arms, non-payment of

57:54.760 --> 58:00.120
contributions, etc., troops, national
guards and armed mobs, were permitted to

58:00.120 --> 58:04.620
plunder, arrest and murder peaceable
citizens, not merely with impunity,

58:05.100 --> 58:06.880
but with encouragement and approbation.

58:08.020 --> 58:12.080
At the village of Mio, near Nîmes,
the inhabitants were frequently forced to

58:12.080 --> 58:14.050
pay large sums to avoid being pillaged.

58:14.050 --> 58:17.470
This, however, would not avail at Madame
Toulon's.

58:18.230 --> 58:23.030
On Sunday, the 16th of July, her house and
grounds were ravaged, the valuable

58:23.030 --> 58:27.570
furniture removed or destroyed,
the hay and wood burnt, and the corpse of

58:27.570 --> 58:32.670
a child buried in the garden taken up and
dragged round a fire made by the populace.

58:33.210 --> 58:34.710
It was with great difficulty that M.

58:34.890 --> 58:36.570
Toulon escaped with his life.

58:37.790 --> 58:37.890
M.

58:38.010 --> 58:41.890
Pichérol, another Protestant, had
deposited some of his effects with a

58:41.890 --> 58:42.630
Catholic neighbour.

58:42.630 --> 58:47.070
This house was attacked, and though all
the property of the latter was respected,

58:47.570 --> 58:49.530
that of his friend was seized and
destroyed.

58:50.690 --> 58:53.950
At the same village, one of a party,
doubting whether M.

58:54.250 --> 58:57.990
Hermé, a tailor, was the man they wanted,
asked, is he a Protestant?

58:58.570 --> 58:59.450
This he acknowledged.

58:59.810 --> 59:02.190
Good, said they, and he was instantly
murdered.

59:03.270 --> 59:08.170
In the canton of Vauvert, where there was
a consistory church, 80,000 francs were

59:08.170 --> 59:08.630
extorted.

59:09.610 --> 59:15.610
In the communes of Beauvoisin and Générac,
similar excesses were committed by a

59:15.610 --> 59:20.190
handful of licentious men under the eye of
the Catholic mayor and to the cries of

59:20.190 --> 59:20.970
Vive le Roi.

59:22.150 --> 59:25.290
Saint-Gilles was the scene of the most
unblushing villainy.

59:25.910 --> 59:30.610
The Protestants, the most wealthy of the
inhabitants, were disarmed whilst their

59:30.610 --> 59:31.670
houses were pillaged.

59:32.350 --> 59:34.870
The mayor was appealed to, but he laughed
and walked away.

59:34.870 --> 59:39.730
This officer had at his disposal a
national guard of several hundred men,

59:40.050 --> 59:41.450
organised by his own orders.

59:42.490 --> 59:46.450
It would be wearisome to read the lists of
the crimes that occurred during many

59:46.450 --> 59:46.870
months.

59:47.730 --> 59:51.770
At Clavisson, the mayor prohibited the
Protestants the practice of singing the

59:51.770 --> 59:56.310
psalms commonly used in the temple that,
as he said, the Catholics might not be

59:56.310 --> 59:57.510
offended or disturbed.

59:58.990 --> 01:00:04.510
At Saumière, about ten miles from Nîmes,
the Catholics made a splendid procession

01:00:04.510 --> 01:00:08.790
through the town, which continued until
evening and was succeeded by the plunder

01:00:08.790 --> 01:00:09.670
of the Protestants.

01:00:10.210 --> 01:00:14.330
On the arrival of foreign troops at
Saumière, the pretended search for arms

01:00:14.330 --> 01:00:15.150
was resumed.

01:00:15.770 --> 01:00:19.510
Those who did not possess muskets were
even compelled to buy them on purpose to

01:00:19.510 --> 01:00:23.390
surrender them up, and soldiers were
quartered on them at six francs per day

01:00:23.390 --> 01:00:25.490
until they produced the articles in
demand.

01:00:26.210 --> 01:00:30.690
The Protestant church, which had been
closed, was converted into barracks for

01:00:30.690 --> 01:00:31.330
the Austrians.

01:00:32.030 --> 01:00:36.110
After divine service had been suspended
for six months at Nîmes, the church,

01:00:36.230 --> 01:00:40.590
called the Temple by the Protestants,
was reopened and public worship performed

01:00:40.590 --> 01:00:42.570
on the morning of the 24th of December.

01:00:43.510 --> 01:00:47.950
On examining the belfry, it was discovered
that some persons had carried off the

01:00:47.950 --> 01:00:48.790
clapper of the bell.

01:00:48.790 --> 01:00:53.310
As the hour of service approached,
a number of men, women, and children

01:00:53.310 --> 01:00:54.610
collected at the house of M.

01:00:54.830 --> 01:00:58.010
Ribot, the pastor, and threatened to
prevent the worship.

01:00:58.710 --> 01:01:02.610
At the appointed time, when he proceeded
towards the church, he was surrounded.

01:01:03.190 --> 01:01:05.650
The most savage shouts were raised against
him.

01:01:05.990 --> 01:01:09.530
Some of the women seized him by the
collar, but nothing could disturb his

01:01:09.530 --> 01:01:11.330
firmness or excite his impatience.

01:01:11.850 --> 01:01:14.510
He entered the house of prayer and
ascended the pulpit.

01:01:14.510 --> 01:01:17.450
Stones were thrown in and fell among the
worshipers.

01:01:18.090 --> 01:01:22.390
Still, the congregation remained calm and
attentive, and the service was concluded

01:01:22.390 --> 01:01:25.070
amidst noise, threats, and outrage.

01:01:26.470 --> 01:01:30.690
On retiring, many would have been killed
but for the chasseurs of the garrison,

01:01:30.830 --> 01:01:32.870
who honorably and zealously protected
them.

01:01:33.650 --> 01:01:35.550
From the captain of these chasseurs,
M.

01:01:35.770 --> 01:01:38.390
Ribot soon after received the following
letter.

01:01:38.390 --> 01:01:41.010
January 2, 1816.

01:01:41.530 --> 01:01:45.650
I deeply lament the prejudices of the
Catholics against the Protestants,

01:01:45.910 --> 01:01:47.790
who they pretend do not love the King.

01:01:48.510 --> 01:01:52.890
Continue to act as you have hitherto done,
and time in your conduct will convince the

01:01:52.890 --> 01:01:53.910
Catholics to the contrary.

01:01:54.750 --> 01:01:58.150
Should any tumult occur similar to that of
Saturday last, inform me.

01:01:58.670 --> 01:02:02.710
I preserve my reports of these acts,
and if the agitators prove incorrigible

01:02:02.710 --> 01:02:07.290
and forget what they owe to the best of
Kings and the Charter, I will do my duty

01:02:07.290 --> 01:02:09.150
and inform the government of their
proceedings.

01:02:09.890 --> 01:02:10.790
Adieu, my dear sir.

01:02:11.270 --> 01:02:14.890
Assure the consistory of my esteem,
and of the sense I entertain of the

01:02:14.890 --> 01:02:18.770
moderation with which they have met the
provocations of the evil disposed at

01:02:18.770 --> 01:02:19.230
Sommière.

01:02:19.570 --> 01:02:21.950
I have the honor to salute you with
respect.

01:02:22.310 --> 01:02:23.350
Suval de Laine.

01:02:27.950 --> 01:02:32.510
Another letter to this worthy pastor,
from the Marquis de Montlord, was received

01:02:32.510 --> 01:02:37.310
on the 6th of January, to encourage him to
unite with all good men who believe in

01:02:37.310 --> 01:02:41.730
God, to obtain the punishment of the
assassins, brigands and disturbers of

01:02:41.730 --> 01:02:45.410
public tranquility, and to read the
instructions he had received from the

01:02:45.410 --> 01:02:46.890
government to this effect publicly.

01:02:48.510 --> 01:02:53.110
Notwithstanding this, on the 20th of
January, 1816, when the service in

01:02:53.110 --> 01:02:57.930
commemoration of the death of Louis XVI
was celebrated, a procession being formed,

01:02:58.270 --> 01:03:01.990
the National Guards fired at the white
flag suspended from the windows of the

01:03:01.990 --> 01:03:05.250
Protestants, and concluded the day by
plundering their houses.

01:03:06.350 --> 01:03:10.990
In the commune of Angargues, matters were
still worse, and in that of Fontaine,

01:03:11.170 --> 01:03:15.830
from the entry of the King in 1815,
the Catholics broke all terms with the

01:03:15.830 --> 01:03:16.370
Protestants.

01:03:16.910 --> 01:03:20.930
By day they insulted them, and in the
night broke open the doors, or marked them

01:03:20.930 --> 01:03:22.770
with chalk to be plundered or burned.

01:03:23.790 --> 01:03:28.170
Saint-Mamaire was repeatedly visited by
these robberies, and at Montmirail,

01:03:28.310 --> 01:03:32.710
as lately as the 16th of June,
1816, the Protestants were attacked,

01:03:33.050 --> 01:03:36.950
beaten and imprisoned for daring to
celebrate the return of a King who had

01:03:36.950 --> 01:03:40.330
sworn to preserve religious liberty and to
maintain the Charter.

01:03:43.490 --> 01:03:46.150
Further account of the proceedings of the
Catholics at Nîmes.

01:03:47.570 --> 01:03:52.210
The excesses perpetrated in the country,
it seems, did not by any means divert the

01:03:52.210 --> 01:03:54.150
attention of the persecutors from Nîmes.

01:03:55.750 --> 01:04:00.430
October 1815 commenced without any
improvement in the principles or measures

01:04:00.430 --> 01:04:04.270
of the Government, and this was followed
by corresponding presumption on the part

01:04:04.270 --> 01:04:04.810
of the people.

01:04:05.910 --> 01:04:09.610
Several houses in the Quartier
Saint-Charles were sacked, and their

01:04:09.610 --> 01:04:14.390
wrecks burnt in the streets amid songs,
dances and shouts of Vive le Roi.

01:04:15.050 --> 01:04:18.370
The Mayor appeared, but the merry
multitude pretended not to know him,

01:04:18.670 --> 01:04:22.490
and when he ventured to remonstrate,
they told him his presence was unnecessary

01:04:22.490 --> 01:04:23.830
and that he might retire.

01:04:24.910 --> 01:04:29.230
During the 16th of October, every
preparation seemed to announce a night of

01:04:29.230 --> 01:04:29.830
carnage.

01:04:30.450 --> 01:04:34.970
Orders for assembling and signals for
attack were circulated with regularity and

01:04:34.970 --> 01:04:35.530
confidence.

01:04:36.550 --> 01:04:41.010
Tristayen reviewed his satellites and
urged them on to the perpetration of

01:04:41.010 --> 01:04:44.410
crimes, holding with one of those wretches
the following dialogue.

01:04:45.550 --> 01:04:46.030
Satellite.

01:04:46.030 --> 01:04:49.570
If all the Protestants without one
exception are to be killed, I will

01:04:49.570 --> 01:04:53.970
cheerfully join, but as you have so often
deceived me, unless they are all to go,

01:04:54.030 --> 01:04:54.890
I will not stir.

01:04:55.770 --> 01:04:56.250
Tristayen.

01:04:56.770 --> 01:05:00.330
Come along then, for this time not a
single man shall escape.

01:05:02.250 --> 01:05:05.790
This horrid purpose would have been
executed had it not been for General

01:05:05.790 --> 01:05:08.110
Lagarde, the Commandant of the Department.

01:05:08.110 --> 01:05:11.570
It was not until ten o'clock at night that
he perceived the danger.

01:05:12.270 --> 01:05:14.250
He now felt that not a moment could be
lost.

01:05:14.830 --> 01:05:17.930
Crowds were advancing through the suburbs,
and the streets were filling with

01:05:17.930 --> 01:05:20.590
ruffians, uttering the most horrid
imprecations.

01:05:21.650 --> 01:05:26.330
The General sounded at eleven o'clock,
and added to the confusion that was now

01:05:26.330 --> 01:05:27.410
spreading through the city.

01:05:28.150 --> 01:05:32.970
A few troops rallied round Count Lagarde,
who was rung with distress at the sight of

01:05:32.970 --> 01:05:34.830
the evil which had arrived at such a
pitch.

01:05:35.390 --> 01:05:36.610
Of this, M.

01:05:36.930 --> 01:05:40.430
Durand, a Catholic advocate, gave the
following account.

01:05:41.990 --> 01:05:43.330
It was near midnight.

01:05:43.490 --> 01:05:44.950
My wife had just fallen asleep.

01:05:45.430 --> 01:05:48.970
I was writing by her side when we were
disturbed by a distant noise.

01:05:49.490 --> 01:05:51.990
Drums seemed crossing the town in every
direction.

01:05:52.450 --> 01:05:53.430
What could all this mean?

01:05:54.250 --> 01:05:57.810
To quiet her alarm, I said it probably
announced the arrival or departure of some

01:05:57.810 --> 01:05:58.810
troops of the garrison.

01:05:58.810 --> 01:06:03.550
But firing and shouts were immediately
audible, and on opening my window I

01:06:03.550 --> 01:06:07.230
distinguished horrible imprecations
mingled with cries of Vive le Roi.

01:06:07.930 --> 01:06:10.550
I roused an officer who lodged in the
house, and M.

01:06:10.830 --> 01:06:12.770
Chancel, Director of the Public Works.

01:06:13.690 --> 01:06:16.490
We went out together, and gained the
boulevard.

01:06:17.190 --> 01:06:21.070
The moon shone bright, and almost every
object was nearly as distinct as day.

01:06:21.070 --> 01:06:26.450
A furious crowd was pressing on,
vowing extermination, and the greater part

01:06:26.450 --> 01:06:30.130
half-naked, armed with knives,
muskets, sticks, and sabres.

01:06:30.950 --> 01:06:35.070
In answer to my inquiries, I was told the
massacre was general, that many had been

01:06:35.070 --> 01:06:36.530
already killed in the suburbs.

01:06:37.270 --> 01:06:37.370
M.

01:06:37.510 --> 01:06:41.670
Chancel retired to put on his uniform as
Captain of the Pompiers, the officers

01:06:41.670 --> 01:06:45.470
retired to the barracks, and, anxious for
my wife, I returned home.

01:06:45.470 --> 01:06:48.890
By the noise I was convinced that persons
followed.

01:06:49.530 --> 01:06:53.850
I crept along in the shadow of the wall,
opened my door, entered, and closed it,

01:06:53.890 --> 01:06:57.290
leaving a small aperture through which I
could watch the movements of the party,

01:06:57.690 --> 01:06:59.410
whose arms shone in the moonlight.

01:07:00.330 --> 01:07:04.030
In a few moments some armed men appeared,
conducting a prisoner to the very spot

01:07:04.030 --> 01:07:05.050
where I was concealed.

01:07:05.490 --> 01:07:06.030
They stopped.

01:07:06.710 --> 01:07:11.210
I shut my door gently, and mounted on an
alder tree, planted against the garden

01:07:11.210 --> 01:07:11.570
wall.

01:07:12.170 --> 01:07:13.270
What a scene!

01:07:13.630 --> 01:07:18.210
A man on his knees, imploring mercy from
wretches who mocked his agony and loaded

01:07:18.210 --> 01:07:18.970
him with abuse.

01:07:19.630 --> 01:07:22.230
In the name of my wife and children,
he said, spare me.

01:07:22.450 --> 01:07:23.170
What have I done?

01:07:23.230 --> 01:07:24.550
Why would you murder me for nothing?

01:07:25.250 --> 01:07:28.670
I was on the point of crying out and
menacing the murderers with vengeance.

01:07:29.570 --> 01:07:30.830
I had not long to deliberate.

01:07:31.250 --> 01:07:34.770
The discharge of several fusiliers
terminated my suspense.

01:07:35.170 --> 01:07:39.610
The unhappy supplicant, struck in the
loins and the head, fell to rise no more.

01:07:39.610 --> 01:07:42.810
The backs of the assassins were towards
the trees.

01:07:43.370 --> 01:07:45.330
They retired immediately, reloading their
pieces.

01:07:46.270 --> 01:07:50.370
I descended and approached the dying man,
uttering some deep and dismal groans.

01:07:51.670 --> 01:07:56.110
Some National Guards arrived at the
moment, and I again retired and shut the

01:07:56.110 --> 01:07:56.350
door.

01:07:57.290 --> 01:07:58.790
I see, said one, a dead man.

01:07:59.250 --> 01:08:00.430
He sings still, said another.

01:08:00.990 --> 01:08:03.730
It will be better, said a third,
to finish him and put him out of his

01:08:03.730 --> 01:08:04.010
misery.

01:08:05.270 --> 01:08:08.270
Five or six muskets were fired instantly,
and the groans ceased.

01:08:08.270 --> 01:08:12.910
On the following day, crowds came to
inspect and insult the deceased.

01:08:14.010 --> 01:08:18.750
A day after a massacre was always observed
as a sort of fete, and every occupation

01:08:18.750 --> 01:08:20.970
was left to go and gaze upon the victims.

01:08:22.810 --> 01:08:27.870
This was Louis Le Char, the father of four
children, and four years after the event,

01:08:27.990 --> 01:08:28.050
M.

01:08:28.170 --> 01:08:32.230
Durand verified this account by his oath
upon the trial of one of the murderers.

01:08:34.870 --> 01:08:40.410
ATTACK UPON THE PROTESTANT CHURCHES Some
time before the death of General Lagarde,

01:08:41.210 --> 01:08:45.770
the Duke d'Angoulême had visited Nîmes and
other cities in the south, and at the

01:08:45.770 --> 01:08:49.310
former place honoured the members of the
Protestant consistory with an interview,

01:08:49.810 --> 01:08:54.250
promising them protection and encouraging
them to reopen their temple so long shut

01:08:54.250 --> 01:08:54.510
up.

01:08:55.210 --> 01:08:58.450
They have two churches at Nîmes,
and it was agreed that the small one

01:08:58.450 --> 01:09:02.170
should be preferred on this occasion,
and that the ringing of the bell should be

01:09:02.170 --> 01:09:02.570
omitted.

01:09:03.290 --> 01:09:07.110
General Lagarde declared that he would
answer with his head for the safety of his

01:09:07.110 --> 01:09:07.710
congregation.

01:09:08.550 --> 01:09:12.190
The Protestants privately informed each
other that worship was once more to be

01:09:12.190 --> 01:09:16.510
celebrated at ten o'clock, and they began
to assemble silently and cautiously.

01:09:17.590 --> 01:09:18.610
It was agreed that M.

01:09:18.970 --> 01:09:23.110
Jouirat Chasseur should perform the
service, though such was his conviction of

01:09:23.110 --> 01:09:26.810
danger that he entreated his wife and some
of his flock to remain with their

01:09:26.810 --> 01:09:27.190
families.

01:09:27.890 --> 01:09:32.710
The temple, being opened only as a matter
of form and in compliance with the orders

01:09:32.710 --> 01:09:36.410
of the Duke d'Angoulême, this pastor
wished to be the only victim.

01:09:37.770 --> 01:09:41.430
On his way to the place he passed numerous
groups who regarded him with ferocious

01:09:41.430 --> 01:09:41.810
looks.

01:09:42.430 --> 01:09:44.850
This is the time, said some, to give them
the last blow.

01:09:45.310 --> 01:09:48.550
Yes, added others, and neither women nor
children must be spared.

01:09:49.610 --> 01:09:54.310
One wretch, raising his voice above the
rest, exclaimed, Ah, I will go and get my

01:09:54.310 --> 01:09:56.150
musket and ten for my share.

01:09:57.430 --> 01:09:59.010
Through these ominous sounds, M.

01:09:59.390 --> 01:10:03.930
Jouirat pursued his course, but when he
gained the temple, the Sextons had not the

01:10:03.930 --> 01:10:06.870
courage to open the door, and he was
obliged to do it himself.

01:10:08.050 --> 01:10:11.630
As the worshipers arrived, they found
strange persons in possession of the

01:10:11.630 --> 01:10:16.550
adjacent streets and upon the steps of the
church, vowing their worship should not be

01:10:16.550 --> 01:10:19.010
performed, and crying, Down with the
Protestants!

01:10:19.210 --> 01:10:19.610
Kill them!

01:10:19.830 --> 01:10:20.290
Kill them!

01:10:21.610 --> 01:10:25.010
At ten o'clock, the church being nearly
filled, M.

01:10:25.310 --> 01:10:27.450
Chasseur commenced the prayers.

01:10:28.450 --> 01:10:31.170
A calm that succeeded was of short
duration.

01:10:31.950 --> 01:10:36.010
On a sudden the minister was interrupted
by a violent noise, and a number of

01:10:36.010 --> 01:10:40.050
persons entered, uttering the most
dreadful cries mingled with Vive le Roi,

01:10:40.490 --> 01:10:44.670
but the gendarmes succeeded in excluding
these fanatics and closing the doors.

01:10:45.050 --> 01:10:49.450
The noise and tumult without now
redoubled, and the blows of the populace

01:10:49.450 --> 01:10:53.290
trying to break open the doors caused the
house to resound with shrieks and groans.

01:10:54.130 --> 01:10:57.790
The voice of the pastors who endeavoured
to console their flock was inaudible.

01:10:58.330 --> 01:11:00.930
They attempted in vain to sing the
forty-second psalm.

01:11:02.230 --> 01:11:04.670
Three quarters of an hour rolled heavily
away.

01:11:05.690 --> 01:11:07.510
I placed myself, said Mme.

01:11:07.570 --> 01:11:10.750
Jouira, at the bottom of the pulpit with
my daughter in my arms.

01:11:11.330 --> 01:11:13.450
My husband at length joined and sustained
me.

01:11:14.090 --> 01:11:16.210
I remembered that it was the anniversary
of my marriage.

01:11:16.770 --> 01:11:20.530
After six years of happiness, I said,
I am about to die with my husband and my

01:11:20.530 --> 01:11:20.830
daughter.

01:11:21.450 --> 01:11:25.850
We shall be slain at the altar of our God,
the victims of a sacred duty, and Heaven

01:11:25.850 --> 01:11:28.150
will open to receive us and our unhappy
brethren.

01:11:29.030 --> 01:11:32.170
I blessed the Redeemer, and without
cursing our murderers, I awaited their

01:11:32.170 --> 01:11:32.650
approach.

01:11:34.990 --> 01:11:35.090
M.

01:11:35.290 --> 01:11:40.750
Olivier, son of a pastor and officer in
the Royal Troops of the Line, attempted to

01:11:40.750 --> 01:11:44.410
leave the church, but the friendly
sentinels at the door advised him to

01:11:44.410 --> 01:11:46.010
remain besieged with the rest.

01:11:46.010 --> 01:11:50.410
The National Guards refused to act,
and the fanatical crowd took every

01:11:50.410 --> 01:11:54.490
advantage of the absence of General
Lagarde and of their increasing numbers.

01:11:55.610 --> 01:12:00.190
At length, the sound of martial music was
heard, and voices from without called to

01:12:00.190 --> 01:12:01.390
the besieged, Open!

01:12:01.930 --> 01:12:03.190
Open and save yourselves!

01:12:04.450 --> 01:12:08.270
Their first impression was a fear of
treachery, but they were soon assured that

01:12:08.270 --> 01:12:13.410
a detachment returning from Mass was drawn
up in front of the church to favour the

01:12:13.410 --> 01:12:14.510
retreat of the Protestants.

01:12:15.010 --> 01:12:18.770
The door was opened, and many of them
escaped among the ranks of the soldiers,

01:12:19.030 --> 01:12:20.590
who had driven the mob before them.

01:12:21.190 --> 01:12:24.510
But this street, as well as others through
which the fugitives had to pass,

01:12:24.570 --> 01:12:25.550
was soon filled again.

01:12:26.830 --> 01:12:31.690
The Venerable Pastor Olivier Desmond,
between seventy and eighty years of age,

01:12:31.730 --> 01:12:33.350
was surrounded by murderers.

01:12:33.830 --> 01:12:37.050
They put their fists in his face and
cried, Kill the chief of brigands!

01:12:37.890 --> 01:12:42.310
He was preserved by the firmness of some
officers, among whom was his own son.

01:12:42.310 --> 01:12:46.790
They made a bulwark round him with their
bodies, and amidst their naked sabres

01:12:46.790 --> 01:12:48.070
conducted him to his house.

01:12:49.190 --> 01:12:53.430
Monsieur Zouirat, who had assisted at
divine service, with his wife at his side

01:12:53.430 --> 01:12:58.350
and his child in his arms, was pursued and
assailed with stones, his mother received

01:12:58.350 --> 01:13:01.310
a blow on the head, and her life was
sometime in danger.

01:13:01.930 --> 01:13:05.710
One woman was shamefully whipped,
and several wounded and dragged along the

01:13:05.710 --> 01:13:06.070
streets.

01:13:06.850 --> 01:13:10.650
The number of Protestants more or less
ill-treated on this occasion amounted to

01:13:10.650 --> 01:13:12.150
between seventy and eighty.

01:13:14.570 --> 01:13:21.150
Murder of General Lagarde A length of
check was put to these excesses by the

01:13:21.150 --> 01:13:25.230
report of the murder of Count Lagarde,
who, receiving an account of this tumult,

01:13:25.550 --> 01:13:28.630
mounted his horse and entered one of the
streets to disperse a crowd.

01:13:29.330 --> 01:13:33.090
A villain seized his bridle, another
presented the muzzle of a pistol close to

01:13:33.090 --> 01:13:35.250
his body, and exclaimed, Wretch!

01:13:35.410 --> 01:13:36.650
You make me retire!

01:13:37.230 --> 01:13:38.250
He immediately fired.

01:13:38.250 --> 01:13:43.050
The murderer was Louis Boissin,
a sergeant in the National Guard,

01:13:43.510 --> 01:13:47.310
but though known to everyone, no person
endeavored to arrest him, and he effected

01:13:47.310 --> 01:13:47.910
his escape.

01:13:48.650 --> 01:13:52.830
As soon as the General found himself
wounded, he gave orders to the gendarmerie

01:13:52.830 --> 01:13:57.670
to protect the Protestants, and set off on
a gallop to his hotel, but fainted

01:13:57.670 --> 01:13:58.790
immediately on his arrival.

01:13:59.810 --> 01:14:03.350
On recovering, he prevented the surgeon
from searching his wound until he had

01:14:03.350 --> 01:14:06.690
written a letter to the government,
that in case of his death it might be

01:14:06.690 --> 01:14:10.730
known from what quarter the blow came,
and that none might dare to accuse the

01:14:10.730 --> 01:14:11.870
Protestants of the crime.

01:14:13.450 --> 01:14:18.150
The probable death of this General
produced a small degree of relaxation on

01:14:18.150 --> 01:14:22.370
the part of their enemies, and some calm,
but the mass of the people had been

01:14:22.370 --> 01:14:26.770
indulged in licentiousness too long to be
restrained, even by the murder of the

01:14:26.770 --> 01:14:27.990
representative of their king.

01:14:29.030 --> 01:14:33.230
In the evening they again repaired to the
temple, and with hatchets broke open the

01:14:33.230 --> 01:14:33.490
door.

01:14:33.490 --> 01:14:37.850
The dismal noise of their blows carried
terror into the bosom of the Protestant

01:14:37.850 --> 01:14:40.070
families sitting in their houses in tears.

01:14:40.710 --> 01:14:45.090
The contents of the poor box and the
clothes prepared for distribution were

01:14:45.090 --> 01:14:49.870
stolen, the ministers' robes rent in
pieces, the books torn up or carried away,

01:14:50.350 --> 01:14:54.930
the closets were ransacked, but the rooms
which contained the archives of the church

01:14:54.930 --> 01:14:59.150
and the synods were providentially
secured, and had it not been for the

01:14:59.150 --> 01:15:03.410
numerous patrols on foot, the whole would
have become the prey of the flames and the

01:15:03.410 --> 01:15:05.010
edifice itself a heap of ruins.

01:15:06.210 --> 01:15:10.050
In the meanwhile, the fanatics openly
ascribed the murder of the general to his

01:15:10.050 --> 01:15:13.330
own self-devotion and said that it was the
will of God.

01:15:14.450 --> 01:15:18.390
Three thousand francs were offered for the
apprehension of Boissin, but it was well

01:15:18.390 --> 01:15:22.150
known that the Protestants dared not
arrest him and that the fanatics would

01:15:22.150 --> 01:15:22.390
not.

01:15:23.750 --> 01:15:28.470
During these transactions, the system of
forced conversions to Catholicism was

01:15:28.470 --> 01:15:30.510
making regular and fearful progress.

01:15:33.190 --> 01:15:38.350
Interference of the British Government To
the credit of England, the report of these

01:15:38.350 --> 01:15:43.270
cruel persecutions carried on against our
Protestant brethren in France produced

01:15:43.270 --> 01:15:46.810
such a sensation on the part of the
government as determined them to

01:15:46.810 --> 01:15:51.950
interfere, and now the persecutors of the
Protestants made this spontaneous act of

01:15:51.950 --> 01:15:56.490
humanity and religion the pretext for
charging the sufferers with a treasonable

01:15:56.490 --> 01:15:57.790
correspondence with England.

01:15:58.290 --> 01:16:02.850
But in this state of their proceedings,
to their great dismay, a letter appeared,

01:16:02.970 --> 01:16:07.010
sent sometime before to England by the
Duke of Wellington, stating that much

01:16:07.010 --> 01:16:09.630
information existed on the events of the
South.

01:16:10.890 --> 01:16:15.650
The ministers of the three denominations
in London, anxious not to be misled,

01:16:16.050 --> 01:16:20.310
requested one of their brethren to visit
the scenes of persecution and examine with

01:16:20.310 --> 01:16:24.350
impartiality the nature and extent of the
evils they would desire us to relieve.

01:16:25.530 --> 01:16:30.150
Reverend Clement Perrault undertook this
difficult task and fulfilled their wishes

01:16:30.150 --> 01:16:34.170
with a zeal, prudence and devotedness,
above all, praise.

01:16:34.890 --> 01:16:38.650
His return furnished abundant and
incontestable proof of a shameful

01:16:38.650 --> 01:16:43.230
persecution, materials for an appeal to
the British Parliament, and a printed

01:16:43.230 --> 01:16:47.950
report which was circulated through the
continent and which first conveyed correct

01:16:47.950 --> 01:16:50.110
information to the inhabitants of France.