WEBVTT

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The History of Master John Hus By the
occasion of Queen Anne, who was a

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Bohemian, and married to King Richard II,
the Bohemians, coming to the knowledge of

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Wycliffe's books here in England,
began first to taste and savour Christ's

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Gospel, till at length, by the preaching
of John Hus, they increased more and more

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in knowledge, insomuch that Pope Alexander
V, hearing thereof, began to stir coals,

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and directeth his bull to the Archbishop
of Prague, requiring him to look to the

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matter, and to provide that no person in
churches, schools, or other places should

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maintain that doctrine, citing also John
Hus to appear before him.

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To whom the said John, answering,
declared that mandate or bull of the Pope

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utterly to repune against the manifest
examples and doings both of Christ and of

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His apostles, and to be prejudicial to the
liberty of the gospel, in binding the word

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of God not to have free course,
and therefore from this mandate of the

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Pope he appealed to the same Pope better
advised.

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But while he was prosecuting his appeal,
Pope Alexander died.

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After Alexander, succeeded Pope John
XXIII, who also, playing his part like a

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Pope, sought by all means possible to keep
under the Bohemians, first beginning to

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work his malice upon the foresaid John
Hus, their preacher, who, at the same time

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preaching at Prague in the temple of
Bethlehem, because he seemed rather

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willing to teach the gospel of Christ than
the traditions of bishops, was accused for

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a heretic.

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The Pope committed the whole matter to
Cardinal de Colomna, who, when he had

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heard the accusation, appointed a day to
John Hus, that he should appear in the

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courts of Rome.

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Which thing done, Wenceslas, king of the
Romans and of Bohemia, at the request

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specially of his wife Sophia, and of the
whole nobility of Bohemia, as also at the

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earnest suit and desire of the town and
university of Prague, sent his ambassadors

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to Rome, to desire the Pope to quit and
clearly deliver John Hus from that

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citation and judgment.

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And that if the Pope did suspect the
kingdom of Bohemia to be infected with any

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heretical or false doctrine, he should
send his ambassadors, who might correct

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and amend same, and that all this should
be done at the sole cost and charges of

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the king of Bohemia, and to promise in his
name that he would assist the Pope's

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legates with all his power and authority,
to punish all such as should be taken or

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found in any erroneous doctrine.

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In the mean season also John Hus,
before his day appointed, sent his lawful

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and meet procurators unto the court of
Rome, and with most firm and strong

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reasons did prove his innocency,
whereupon he so trusted, that he thought

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he should have easily obtained,
that he should not have been compelled by

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reason of the danger to appear the day
pointed.

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But when the Cardinal to Columna,
unto whose will and judgment the whole

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matter was committed, would not admit any
defense or excuse, John Hus' procurators

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appealed unto the Pope, yet,
notwithstanding this last refuge,

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did not so much prevail with Cardinal to
Columna, but that he would openly

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excommunicate John Hus as an obstinate
heretic, because he came not at his day

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appointed to Rome.

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Notwithstanding, for so much as his
proctors had appealed unto the Pope,

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they had other judges appointed unto them,
as the Cardinals of Aquileia and of

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Venice, with certain others, which judges,
after they had deferred the matter by the

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space of a year and a half, returned to
the sentence and judgment of Cardinal to

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Columna, and confirming the same,
commanded John Hus' procurators that they

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should leave off to defend him any more,
for they would suffer it no longer,

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whereupon when the procurators would not
cease their instant suit, certain of them

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were cast into prison and grievously
punished, the others, leaving their

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business undone, returned into Bohemia.

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The Bohemians little cared for all this,
but as they grew more in knowledge,

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so the less they regarded the Pope,
complaining daily against him and the

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archbishop, for stopping the word of God
and the gospel of Christ to be preached,

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saying, that by their indulgences and
other practices of the court of Rome,

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they sought their own prophet,
and not that of Jesus Christ, that they

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plucked from the sheep of Christ the wheat
and the milk, and did not feed them,

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either with the word of God or with good
examples, teaching, moreover, and

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affirming, that the commandments of the
Pope and prelates are not to be obeyed,

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but so far as they follow the doctrine and
life of Christ and of His apostles.

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They did also and scorned the Pope's
jurisdictions because of the schism that

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was then in the church, when there were
three popes together, one striving against

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another for the papacy.

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It happened by the occasion of Ladislaus,
King of Naples, who was ravaging the

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Pope's towns and territories, that Pope
John, raising up war against the said

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Ladislaus, gave full remission of sins to
all those who would war on his side to

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defend the church.

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When the bull of the Pope's indulgence was
come to Prague and there published,

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the King Wenceslaus, who then favored that
Pope, gave commandment that no man should

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attempt anything against the said Pope's
indulgences.

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But Hus, with his followers, not able to
abide the impiety of those pardons,

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began to speak against them, of which
company were three certain artificers,

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who, hearing the priest preaching of these
indulgences, did openly speak against

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them, and called the Pope antichrist.

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Wherefore they were brought before the
Senate and committed to ward.

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But the people, joining themselves
together in arms, came to the magistrates,

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requiring them to be let loose.

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The magistrates, with gentle words and
fair promises, satisfied the people,

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so that every man returning home to his
own house, the tumult was assuaged.

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But the artisans, whose names were John,
Martin, and Staskin, being in prison,

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were, notwithstanding, there beheaded.

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The martyrdom of these three, being known
to the people, they took the bodies,

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and with great solemnity brought them unto
the church of Bethlehem, at whose funeral

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divers priests, favoring that side,
did sing on this wise.

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These be the saints, who, for the
testament of God, gave their bodies.

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And so their bodies were sumptuously
interred in the church of Bethlehem,

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John Hus preaching at the funeral,
much commending them for their constancy.

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Thus this city of Prague was divided.

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The prelates, with the greatest part of
the clergy, and most of the barons who had

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anything to lose, did hold with the Pope.

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On the contrary part, the commons,
with part of the clergy and students of

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the university, went with John Hus.

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Whence as last the king, fearing lest this
would grow to a tumult, being moved by the

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doctors and prelates and counsel of his
barons, thought best to remove John Hus

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out of the city.

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And further, to cease his dissension risen
in the church, he committed the matter to

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the disposition of the doctors and the
clergy.

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They, consulting together, did set forth a
decree, confirmed by the sentence of the

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king, containing eighteen articles for the
maintenance of the Pope, and of the sea of

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Rome, against the doctrine of Wycliffe and
John Hus.

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John Hus thus departing out of Prague,
went to his country, where he,

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being protected by the Lord of the soil,
continued preaching, to whom resorted a

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great concourse of people.

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Neither yet was he so expelled out of
Prague, but that sometimes he resorted to

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his church at Bethlehem, and there
preached unto the people.

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Moreover, against the said decree of the
doctors, John Hus answered with contrary

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articles as followeth.

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The Objections of John Hus against the
Decree of the Doctors False it is that

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they say the Pope and his cardinals to be
the true and manifest successors of Peter

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and of the apostles, neither that any
other successors of Peter and of the

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apostles can be found upon the earth
besides them, whereas all bishops and

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priests be successors of Peter and of the
apostles.

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Not the Pope, but Christ only,
is the head, and not the cardinals,

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but all Christ's faithful people be the
body of the Catholic Church.

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If the Pope be a reprobate, it is plain
that he is no head, no, nor member even,

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of the holy church of God, but of the
devil and of his synagogue.

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Neither is it true that we ought to stand
in all things to the determination of the

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Pope and of the cardinals, but so far
forth as they do agree with the holy

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Scripture of the Old and New Testament.

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The church of Rome is not that place where
the Lord did appoint the principal see of

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His whole church.

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For Christ, who was the head priest of
all, did first sit in Jerusalem,

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and Peter did first sit in Antioch,
and afterward in Rome.

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Also other popes did sit, some at Bologna,
some at Perugia, some at Avignon.

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The prelates are falsifiers of the holy
Scriptures who affirm and say that we must

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obey the Pope in all things.

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For why?

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It is known that many popes have been
heretics, and one pope was also a woman.

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They fondly and graciously argue that the
processes made against Master John Huss

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ought to be obeyed, because forsooth the
whole body of the clergy of Prague have

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received them.

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By the same reason they may argue also
that we must obey the devil, because our

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first parents, Adam and Eve, obeyed him.

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Unto these objections of John Huss the
Catholic doctors did answer in a long,

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tedious process, the scope whereof
principally tended to defend the

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principality of the Pope and to maintain
obedience to him above all other

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potentates in the world.

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Like as Christ is King of all kings,
and yet Charles may be King of France,

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so they say, Christ may be the universal
head, and yet the Pope may be head under

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him of the whole church.

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While Christ walked here on earth in his
bodily presence, he was Pope himself and

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chief bishop, and so here on earth.

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But because after he departed out of the
world his body, which is the church

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militant upon the earth, should not be
headless, therefore he left Peter and his

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successors to his church for a head in his
place, unto the consummation of the world.

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Thus then, Master John Huss being driven
out of Prague, and moreover being so

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excommunicated that no mass must be said
where he was present, people began

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mightily to grudge and to cry out against
the president and other Popish priests,

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accusing them as being simoniacs,
cowards proud, sparing not to lay open

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their vices to their great ignominy and
shame, and much craving reformation to be

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had of the clergy.

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The king, seeing the inclination of the
people, being also not ignorant of the

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wickedness of the clergy, under pretense
of reforming the church, began to require

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greater exactions upon such priests and
men of the clergy as were known to be

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wicked livers.

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Whereupon they that favored John Huss
complained of all whomsoever they knew to

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be of the Catholic faction, or enemies to
John Huss, by reason whereof the priests

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of the Popish clergy were brought,
such as were faulty, into great distress,

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and such as were not faulty, into great
fear, insomuch that they were glad to fall

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in, at least not to fall out, with the
Protestants, being afraid to displease

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them.

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By this means Master Huss began to take
some more liberty unto him and to preach

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in his church at Bethlehem, and none to
control him.

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By the same means the people received some
comfort, and the king much gain.

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Thus the Popish clergy, while they went
about to persecute John Huss, were

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enwrapped themselves in great tribulation,
and afflicted on every side, as well as of

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laymen, as of the evangelical clergy,
nay, the women also, and children were

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against them because of the interdict
against John Huss.

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The more the pope's clergy were pinched,
the more grudge and hatred redounded to

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John Huss, although he was no cause
thereof, but only their own wicked

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deservings.

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And to help the matter forward,
the pope writeth letters to Wenceslaus,

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king of Bohemia, who was brother to
Sigismund, the emperor, for the

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suppressing of John Huss and of his
doctrine.

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We hear that in diverse places under your
dominion there be certain who do follow

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and preach the errors of that arch-heretic
Wycliffe, whose books have been long since

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condemned in the general Roman council to
be erroneous, heretical, and swerving from

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the Catholic faith.

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Wherefore do we exhort your worship
effectuously to show forth your regal

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power, both for the glory of God and
defense of the Catholic faith,

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as it becometh the Catholic prince,
whereby this heresy may be rooted out.

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During all this time of Pope John,
there were three popes reigning together,

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neither was yet the schism ceased,
which had continued the space already of

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thirty-six years, by reason whereof a
general council was holden at Constance in

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A.D.

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1414, being called by Sigismund,
the emperor, and Pope John XXXIII.

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These three popes were John, whom the
Italians set up, Gregory, whom the

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Frenchmen set up, Benedict, whom the
Spaniards placed.

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In this schismatical ambitious conflict
everyone defended his pope, to the great

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disturbance of Christian nations.

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This council endured three years and five
months.

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Many great and profitable things to the
glory of God and public profit might have

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been concluded if the rotten flesh of the
churchmen could have bidden the salt of

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the gospel, and if they had loved the
truth.

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Pope John was deposed by the decree of the
council, more than three in forty most

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grievous and heinous crimes being proved
against him, as that he had hired

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Marsilius Parmensis, a physician,
to poison Alexander, his predecessor.

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Further, that he was a heretic,
a simoniac, a liar, a hypocrite,

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a murderer, an enchanter, and a
dice-player.

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Finally, what crime is it that he was not
infected with all?

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In this council of Constance nothing was
decreed or enacted worthy of memory but

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this only, that the pope's authority is
under the council, and that the council

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ought to judge the pope.

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And as touching the communion in both
kinds, bread and wine, although the

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council did not deny but that it was used
by Christ and His apostles, yet

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notwithstanding, by the same council it
was decreed to the contrary.

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Which council, although it was principally
thought to be assembled for quieting of

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the schism between the three popes,
yet notwithstanding, a great part thereof

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was for the cause of the Bohemians,
and especially for John Hus.

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For before the council began, the Emperor
Sigismund sent certain gentlemen,

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Bohemians, who were of his own household,
giving them in charge to bring John Hus,

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Bachelor of Divinity, unto the said
council.

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The meaning and intent thereof was,
that John Hus should purge and clear

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himself of the blame for which they had
laid against him.

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And for the better assurance, the Emperor
did not only promise him safe conduct,

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that he might come freely unto Constance,
but also that he should return again into

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Bohemia without fraud or interruption.

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He promised also to receive him under his
protection, and under safeguard of the

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whole empire.

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John Hus, seeing so many fair promises,
and the assurance which the Emperor had

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given to him, sent answer that he would
come unto the council.

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But before he departed out of the realm of
Bohemia, and especially out of the town of

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Prague, he did write certain bills,
and caused them to be fastened upon the

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gates of the cathedral churches and parish
churches, cloisters, and abbeys,

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signifying unto them all, that he would go
to the general council at Constance,

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there to declare his faith, which he hath
hitherto holden, and even at the present

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doth hold, and by God's help will defend
and keep even unto death.

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Wherefore, if any man have any suspicion
of his doctrine, that he should declare it

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before the Lord Conrad, Archbishop of
Prague, or, if he had rather, at the

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general council, for there he would render
unto everyone, and before them all,

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an account and reason of his faith.

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About the Ides of October, 1414,
John Hus being accompanied with two noble

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gentlemen, Wenceslas of Duba and John of
Clum, departed from Prague and took his

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journey towards Constance.

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In all cities, as he passed by,
a great number of people did come unto

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him, and he was very gently received and
entertained through all the towns of

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Germany, not only of his hosts,
but of the citizens generally,

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and oftentimes of the curates,
insomuch that the said Hus did confess in

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a certain epistle, that he found in no
place so great enemies as in Bohemia.

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And if it happened that there were any
brute or noise before of his coming,

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the streets were always full of people who
would desire us to see and gratify him,

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especially at Nuremberg, where there were
many curates who came unto him,

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desiring him that they might talk with him
secretly, unto whom he answered,

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that he loved much rather to show forth
his mind openly before all men than in

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hugger-mugger, for he would keep nothing
close or hidden.

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So after dinner, until it was night,
he spake before the priests, senators,

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and divers, other citizens, insomuch that
they had him in great estimation and

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reverence.

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The twentieth day after that he parted out
of the town of Prague, which was the third

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day of November, he came unto Constance,
and lodged at an honest matron's house,

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being a widow named Faithful, in St.
Gail's Street.

18:25.380 --> 18:29.880
The morrow after, the noble men,
Lord John de Clam, and Lord Henry

18:29.880 --> 18:35.260
Latzenbog, went to speak with the pope,
and certified him that John Hus was come,

18:35.960 --> 18:40.260
desiring that he would grant the said John
Hus liberty to remain in Constance without

18:40.260 --> 18:42.660
any trouble or vexation or interruption.

18:43.820 --> 18:47.460
Unto whom the pope answered, that even if
John Hus had killed his brother,

18:48.200 --> 18:53.180
yet would he go about, as much as in him
lay, that no outrage or hurt should be

18:53.180 --> 18:55.940
done unto him during his abode in the city
of Constance.

18:57.420 --> 19:02.180
In the meantime, the great adversary that
John Hus had, named Master Stephen

19:02.180 --> 19:06.900
Pallets, who was also a Bohemian born,
was come unto Constance.

19:07.420 --> 19:12.340
The said Pallets did associate unto him
one Michael D'Cossis, who was the first

19:12.340 --> 19:14.780
and bitterest accuser of the said John
Hus.

19:15.760 --> 19:20.420
Pallets had been familiarly conversant
with John Hus from his youth upward,

19:20.820 --> 19:25.920
but after that there was a bull brought
unto Prague from Pope John XXIII,

19:26.300 --> 19:29.600
against the king of Apulia, named
Ladislaus.

19:30.260 --> 19:34.940
The said John Hus withstood it openly,
for so much as he saw that it was wicked

19:34.940 --> 19:35.500
and naught.

19:36.260 --> 19:40.800
Pallets, albeit that he had confessed,
at a certain banquet, in the presence of

19:40.800 --> 19:44.780
the said John Hus, that the said bull was
contrary to all equity and right,

19:45.140 --> 19:49.660
yet notwithstanding, for so much as he was
bound unto the pope by means of certain

19:49.660 --> 19:54.020
benefices received at his hand,
he maintained and defended the said bull

19:54.020 --> 19:55.700
against John Hus.

19:56.620 --> 20:02.780
As for Michael D'Cossis, the companion of
Master Pallets, he was sometime the curate

20:02.780 --> 20:08.920
of New Prague, but he, not being content
therewith, and seeking after a further

20:08.920 --> 20:12.620
prey, imagined a new device how to attain
unto it.

20:13.440 --> 20:18.300
For he made a semblance that he had found
out a new invention, whereby the mines of

20:18.300 --> 20:23.500
gold in Gilawy, which were perished and
lost, might be set on work again.

20:24.780 --> 20:29.940
By this means he did so much with the king
Wenceslas that he did put a great sum of

20:29.940 --> 20:33.040
money into his hands to do that with all
which he had promised.

20:33.800 --> 20:38.120
This honest man, after he had labored
certain days about it, perceiving that he

20:38.120 --> 20:41.460
brought nothing to pass, and that he was
utterly in despair of his purpose,

20:42.220 --> 20:46.100
conveyed himself privily out of the realm
of Bohemia with the rest of the money,

20:46.600 --> 20:51.460
and withdrew himself, as the worthy bird
for such a nest, to the court of Rome.

20:52.640 --> 20:57.440
These two jolly roisters, Stephen Pallets
and Michael D'Cossis, drew out certain

20:57.440 --> 21:01.360
articles against the said Huss,
saying that they had gathered them out of

21:01.360 --> 21:05.380
his own writings, and especially out of
his treatise which he had written of the

21:05.380 --> 21:05.780
church.

21:06.920 --> 21:10.580
They trotted up and down, hither and
thither, taking great pains to show the

21:10.580 --> 21:13.840
said articles unto the cardinals,
bishops, and monks, giving them to

21:13.840 --> 21:18.100
understand that there were other matters
of greater importance which the said John

21:18.100 --> 21:21.720
Huss had committed against the holy
constitutions and other ordinances of the

21:21.720 --> 21:26.900
pope and the church, which, if need were,
they said they would propound before the

21:26.900 --> 21:27.260
council.

21:28.400 --> 21:32.340
Through the kindling of this their fire,
they did so incense the cardinals and the

21:32.340 --> 21:36.760
priests, that they all with one mind
thought to cause the good man to be laid

21:36.760 --> 21:37.480
hands on.

21:38.460 --> 21:43.480
The twenty-sixth day after the said Huss
was come to Constance, during all which

21:43.480 --> 21:46.620
time he was occupied in reading,
writing, and familiar talk with his

21:46.620 --> 21:50.840
friends, the cardinals, through the
instigation of Pallets and Michael D

21:50.840 --> 21:55.780
'Cossis, sent two bishops, to wit,
the bishops of Augsburg and of Trent,

21:56.220 --> 21:59.100
and with them the boroughmaster of
Constance, and a certain knight,

21:59.560 --> 22:04.520
to the place where John Huss lodged about
dinner time, who should make report unto

22:04.520 --> 22:09.340
him that they were sent by the pope and
his cardinals, to advertise him that he

22:09.340 --> 22:13.000
should come to render some knowledge of
his doctrine before them as they had

22:13.000 --> 22:15.980
oftentimes desired, and that they were
ready to hear him.

22:16.920 --> 22:21.780
Unto whom John Huss answered, I am not
come for any such intent as to defend my

22:21.780 --> 22:25.820
cause particularly before the pope and his
cardinals, but that I would willingly

22:25.820 --> 22:29.460
appear before the whole council,
and their answer for my defense openly,

22:29.860 --> 22:34.120
without any fear or doubt, unto all such
things as shall be required of me.

22:35.240 --> 22:39.560
Notwithstanding, forasmuch as you require
me so to do, I will not refuse to go with

22:39.560 --> 22:43.780
you before the cardinals, and if it happen
that they evil entreat or handle me,

22:44.080 --> 22:48.380
yet I trust in my Lord Jesus, that he will
so comfort and strengthen me, that I shall

22:48.380 --> 22:52.940
desire much rather to die for his glory's
sake, than to deny the verity which I have

22:52.940 --> 22:54.460
learned by his holy Scriptures.

22:56.000 --> 22:59.500
Whereupon it came to pass, that the
bishops, being instant upon him,

22:59.680 --> 23:03.260
and not showing any outward semblance that
they bear any malice against him in their

23:03.260 --> 23:07.180
hearts, albeit they had privily laid
garrisons both in the house where they

23:07.180 --> 23:11.200
were assembled, and also in other houses,
John Huss took his horse, which he had at

23:11.200 --> 23:14.680
his lodging, and went unto the court of
the pope and the cardinals.

23:16.080 --> 23:20.720
When he was come thither, and had saluted
the cardinals, they began to speak to him

23:20.720 --> 23:21.360
in this thought.

23:22.360 --> 23:27.040
We have heard many reports of you,
which, if they are true, are in no case to

23:27.040 --> 23:31.820
be suffered, for men say that you have
taught great and manifest errors against

23:31.820 --> 23:36.000
the doctrine of the true church,
and that you have sowed your errors abroad

23:36.000 --> 23:39.660
through all the realm of Bohemia by a long
space of time.

23:40.480 --> 23:44.500
Wherefore we have caused you to be called
hither before us, that we might know how

23:44.500 --> 23:45.500
the matter standeth.

23:46.620 --> 23:52.120
Unto whom John Huss answered in few words,
Reverend Fathers, you shall understand

23:52.120 --> 23:57.300
that I am thus minded and affectioned,
that I should rather choose to die than I

23:57.300 --> 24:02.220
should be found culpable of one only
error, much less of many and great errors.

24:02.720 --> 24:06.880
I am ready to receive correction if any
man can prove any errors in me.

24:07.960 --> 24:11.480
The cardinals answered him that his
sayings pleased them very well,

24:11.820 --> 24:16.700
and upon that they went away, leaving the
said John Huss with the Lord John de Clum,

24:17.040 --> 24:20.820
under the guard of the armed men,
until four of the clock in the afternoon.

24:22.840 --> 24:27.360
After that time the cardinals assembled
again in the Pope's court to take counsel

24:27.360 --> 24:29.580
what they should do with John Huss.

24:30.700 --> 24:34.940
Stephen Palletts and Michael D'Causas,
with divers others of their adherents,

24:35.060 --> 24:40.200
made earnest suit that he should not be
let go at liberty again, and having the

24:40.200 --> 24:44.520
favour of the judges on their part,
they bragged up and down in a manner as

24:44.520 --> 24:50.060
they had been madmen, and mocked the said
John Huss, saying, Now we will hold thee

24:50.060 --> 24:50.720
well enough.

24:51.200 --> 24:56.340
Thou art under our power and jurisdiction,
and shalt not depart until such time as

24:56.340 --> 24:58.800
thou hast paid the uttermost farthing.

24:59.920 --> 25:04.660
A little before night they sent the
provost of the Roman court unto Lord John

25:04.660 --> 25:07.880
de Clum, to show him that he might return
to his lodging.

25:08.500 --> 25:12.140
But as for John Huss, they had otherwise
provided for him.

25:13.220 --> 25:17.600
When Lord John de Clum heard this news,
he was wonderfully displeased,

25:17.740 --> 25:22.380
for as much as through their crafts,
subtleties, and glossing words,

25:22.860 --> 25:25.660
they had so trained this good man into
their snares.

25:26.380 --> 25:30.540
Whereupon he went unto the pope,
declaring unto him all that was done,

25:31.220 --> 25:35.320
most humbly beseeching him that he would
call to remembrance the promise which he

25:35.320 --> 25:40.120
had made unto him and Lord Henry
Latzenburg, and that he would not so

25:40.120 --> 25:41.500
lightly break his faith.

25:42.620 --> 25:46.640
The pope answered that all these things
were done without his consent or

25:46.640 --> 25:51.880
commandment, and said further to Lord de
Clum, apart, What reason is it that you

25:51.880 --> 25:56.200
should impute this deed unto me,
seeing that you know well enough that I

25:56.200 --> 25:59.260
myself am in the hands of these cardinals
and bishops?

26:00.380 --> 26:03.900
So the said Lord de Clum returned very
pensively and sorry.

26:04.580 --> 26:09.300
He complained very sore, both privily and
openly, of the outrage that the pope had

26:09.300 --> 26:11.420
done, but all profited nothing.

26:12.620 --> 26:17.520
After this, the said John Huss was led to
the house of the of the church of

26:17.520 --> 26:21.500
Constance, where he was kept prisoner by
the space of eight days.

26:22.580 --> 26:26.520
From thence he was carried unto the
Jacobites hard by the river Rhine,

26:26.980 --> 26:28.960
and was shut up in the prison of the
abbey.

26:30.040 --> 26:36.280
After he had been enclosed there a certain
time, he fell sore sick of an ague by

26:36.280 --> 26:40.480
means of the stench of the place,
and became so weak that they despaired of

26:40.480 --> 26:40.980
his life.

26:41.760 --> 26:47.220
And for fear lest this good man should die
in prison, the pope sent unto him certain

26:47.220 --> 26:49.040
of his physicians to cure him.

26:50.100 --> 26:54.960
In the midst of his sickness, his accusers
made importunate suit to the principles of

26:54.960 --> 26:59.820
the council, that the said John Huss might
be condemned, and presented unto the pope

26:59.820 --> 27:00.560
these articles.

27:02.060 --> 27:06.480
He doth err about the sacraments of the
church, and especially about the sacrament

27:06.480 --> 27:11.880
of the body of Christ, forasmuch as he
hath openly preached, that it ought to be

27:11.880 --> 27:16.800
ministered openly unto the people under
both kinds, that is to say, the body and

27:16.800 --> 27:17.300
blood.

27:18.000 --> 27:22.400
Moreover, it is affirmed by divers that he
hath taught both in the schools and in the

27:22.400 --> 27:27.560
church, or at the least that he doth hold
this opinion, that after the words of

27:27.560 --> 27:32.540
consecration pronounced upon the altar,
there remaineth still material bread in

27:32.540 --> 27:33.080
the sacrament.

27:34.420 --> 27:38.980
He doth err as touching the ministers of
the church, forasmuch as he hath saith,

27:38.980 --> 27:43.520
that they cannot consecrate or minister
the sacraments when they are in mortal

27:43.520 --> 27:43.940
sin.

27:45.060 --> 27:49.900
Moreover, he saith, that other men beside
priests may minister the sacrament.

27:50.900 --> 27:54.860
He doth not allow and admit that the
church signifieth the pope, cardinals,

27:55.080 --> 27:57.180
archbishops, and the clergy underneath
them.

27:58.180 --> 28:02.740
He saith, that the church hath no power of
the keys, when the pope, cardinals,

28:02.980 --> 28:06.520
and all other of the priests and clergy
are in deadly sin.

28:07.580 --> 28:12.200
He holdeth opinion, that every man hath
authority to invest and appoint any man to

28:12.200 --> 28:13.380
the cure of souls.

28:14.440 --> 28:18.340
This is evident by his own doings,
forasmuch as many in the kingdom of

28:18.340 --> 28:23.680
Bohemia, by their defenders and favorers,
or rather by himself, were appointed and

28:23.680 --> 28:28.560
put into parish churches, which they have
long ruled and kept, not being appointed

28:28.560 --> 28:33.700
by the apostolic See, neither yet by the
ordinary of the city of Prague.

28:34.780 --> 28:39.980
He holdeth opinion, that a man being once
ordained a priest or deacon cannot be

28:39.980 --> 28:42.900
forbidden or kept back from the office of
preaching.

28:44.220 --> 28:48.640
This is likewise manifest by his own
doings, forasmuch as he himself could

28:48.640 --> 28:53.380
never be letted from preaching,
neither by the apostolic See, nor yet by

28:53.380 --> 28:54.740
the archbishop of Prague.

28:55.460 --> 29:00.840
Moreover, when there were questions moved
amongst the divines of the university of

29:00.840 --> 29:05.580
Prague upon the forty-five articles of
John Wycliffe, and they had called a

29:05.580 --> 29:10.000
convocation, and all the divines of
Bohemia had concluded that every one of

29:10.000 --> 29:15.080
those articles was either heretical,
seditious, or erroneous, he alone held the

29:15.080 --> 29:18.720
contrary opinion, that none of those
articles were either heretical,

29:19.020 --> 29:23.900
seditious, or erroneous, as afterwards he
did dispute, hold, and teach in the common

29:23.900 --> 29:30.300
schools of Prague, whereby it is evidently
enough foreseen that he doth affirm those

29:30.300 --> 29:34.980
articles by Wycliffe, which are not only
condemned in England, but also by the

29:34.980 --> 29:35.800
whole church.

29:36.840 --> 29:42.200
Upon this accusation they appointed three
commissioners or judges, the Patriarch of

29:42.200 --> 29:46.860
Constantinople, the Bishop of Castlemare,
and the Bishop of Libus, the which

29:46.860 --> 29:50.740
prelates heard the accusation,
and the witness, which was brought in by

29:50.740 --> 29:55.640
certain babbling priests of Prague,
confirmed by their oaths, and afterwards

29:55.640 --> 30:01.240
recited the said accusation unto the said
Huss in the prison, at such time as his

30:01.240 --> 30:05.060
aigu was fervent and extremely upon him.

30:06.340 --> 30:11.540
Upon this John Huss required to have an
advocate to answer for him, which was

30:11.540 --> 30:13.160
plainly and utterly denied him.

30:13.980 --> 30:18.260
And the reason that the master's
commissioners brought against it was this,

30:18.740 --> 30:23.600
that the plain canon doth forbid that any
man should be a defender of him who is

30:23.600 --> 30:24.880
suspected of heresy.

30:25.560 --> 30:30.520
The vanity and folly of the witnesses was
such, that if they had been both the

30:30.520 --> 30:35.520
accusers and judges themselves,
there should have needed no confutation.

30:36.500 --> 30:41.560
Thus John Huss remained in the prison of
the convent of the Franciscans until the

30:41.560 --> 30:43.280
Wednesday before Palm Sunday.

30:44.100 --> 30:47.580
And in the mean season, to employ his
time, he wrote certain books of the Ten

30:47.580 --> 30:51.900
Commandments, of the love and knowledge of
God, of matrimony, of penance,

30:52.280 --> 30:57.100
of the three enemies of mankind,
of the prayer of our Lord, and of the

30:57.100 --> 30:58.120
supper of our Lord.

30:59.100 --> 31:05.720
The same day Pope John XXIII changed his
apparel and conveyed himself secretly out

31:05.720 --> 31:10.080
of Constance, fearing the judgment by
which afterwards he was deprived of his

31:10.080 --> 31:16.140
papal dignity by reason of most excrucible
and abominable forfeits and doings.

31:17.040 --> 31:21.040
This was the cause that John Huss was
transported and carried unto another

31:21.040 --> 31:21.360
prison.

31:22.180 --> 31:26.360
For the Pope's servants, who had the
keeping of John Huss, understanding that

31:26.360 --> 31:30.420
their master was fled, delivered up the
keys of the prison unto the Emperor

31:30.420 --> 31:35.080
Sigismund, and to the cardinals,
and followed their master the Pope.

31:36.000 --> 31:39.880
Then by the consent of the council the
said John Huss was put into the hands of

31:39.880 --> 31:44.060
the Bishop of Constance, who sent him to a
castle on the other side of the River

31:44.060 --> 31:48.640
Rhine, not very far from Constance,
where he was shut up in a towel with

31:48.640 --> 31:52.900
fetters on his legs, that he could scarce
walk in the daytime, and at night he was

31:52.900 --> 31:56.420
fastened up to a rack against the wall,
hard by his bed.

31:57.560 --> 32:02.260
In the mean season, certain noblemen and
gentlemen of Poland and Bohemia did all

32:02.260 --> 32:06.040
their endeavour to purchase his
deliverance, having respect to the good

32:06.040 --> 32:10.380
renown of all the realm, which was
wonderfully defamed and slandered by

32:10.380 --> 32:11.680
certain naughty persons.

32:12.700 --> 32:17.360
The matter was grown unto this point,
that all they who were in the town of

32:17.360 --> 32:22.000
Constance, who seemed to bear any favour
unto John Huss, were made as mocking

32:22.000 --> 32:26.560
stocks, and derided of all men,
yea, even of the slaves and base people.

32:27.380 --> 32:31.180
Wherefore they took counsel, and concluded
together to present their request in

32:31.180 --> 32:34.800
writing unto the whole council,
the 14th of May, A.D.

32:35.300 --> 32:38.200
1415, the tenor here ensueth.

32:39.160 --> 32:43.340
When Master John Huss was freely of his
own accord come unto Constance,

32:43.540 --> 32:47.820
under safe conduct, he was grievously
imprisoned before he was heard,

32:48.620 --> 32:53.080
and at this present is tormented both with
fetters and also with hunger and thirst.

32:54.080 --> 32:59.280
Master John Huss, neither being convicted
nor condemned, no, not so much as once

32:59.280 --> 33:04.140
heard, is taken and imprisoned,
and is so weakened with thin and slender

33:04.140 --> 33:08.660
diet, that it is to be feared,
lest that, his power and strength,

33:09.100 --> 33:13.940
being hereby consumed and wasted,
he should be put in danger of his wit or

33:13.940 --> 33:14.340
reason.

33:15.440 --> 33:19.440
Wherefore we do highly and most earnestly
desire and require your reverences,

33:20.000 --> 33:24.440
that both for the honour of the safe
conduct of our Lord the King, and also for

33:24.440 --> 33:28.580
the preservation and increase of the
worthy fame and renown both of the Kingdom

33:28.580 --> 33:33.300
of Bohemia and your own also, you will
make a short end about the affairs of

33:33.300 --> 33:34.380
Master John Huss.

33:35.760 --> 33:40.420
The said barons and lords also presented a
supplication unto the Emperor.

33:41.160 --> 33:45.900
We most humbly require and desire your
princely majesty, that you would interpose

33:45.900 --> 33:50.240
your good offices with the said reverent
fathers and lords, that they may

33:50.240 --> 33:54.760
effectually hear us in this our just
petition.

33:56.160 --> 34:00.060
But what answer the Emperor made hereunto
we could never understand or know,

34:00.380 --> 34:05.640
but by the process of the matter a man may
easily judge, that this good Emperor was

34:05.640 --> 34:09.860
led even unto this point, through the
obstinate mischief of the cardinals and

34:09.860 --> 34:13.300
bishops, to break and falsify his promise
and faith.

34:14.140 --> 34:19.520
And this was their reason whereby he was
driven thereunto, that no defence could or

34:19.520 --> 34:23.940
might be given, either by safe conduct or
by any other means, unto him who was

34:23.940 --> 34:26.540
suspected or judged to be a heretic.

34:28.140 --> 34:32.620
When John Huss was brought forth again
before the whole assembly, a strange and

34:32.620 --> 34:33.840
shameful matter happened.

34:35.120 --> 34:39.000
They had scarcely read one article,
and brought forth a few witnesses,

34:39.560 --> 34:44.720
but as he was about to open his mouth to
answer, all this mad herd began so to cry

34:44.720 --> 34:49.180
out upon him, that he had not leisure to
speak one only word.

34:50.000 --> 34:54.440
The noise and trouble were so great and so
vehement, that a man might well have

34:54.440 --> 34:57.560
called it a brute of wild beasts and not
of men.

34:58.580 --> 35:02.280
Much less was it to be judged a
congregation of men gathered together to

35:02.280 --> 35:04.320
determine so grave and weighty matters.

35:05.780 --> 35:10.080
Some did outrage in words against him,
and others spitefully mocked him,

35:10.280 --> 35:14.380
so that he, seeing himself overwhelmed
with these rude and barbarous noises,

35:14.880 --> 35:19.000
and that it profited nothing to speak,
determined finally with himself to hold

35:19.000 --> 35:19.560
his peace.

35:20.660 --> 35:25.180
From that time forward all the whole rout
of his adversaries thought that they had

35:25.180 --> 35:29.020
won the battle of him, and cried out
altogether, Now he is dumb!

35:29.160 --> 35:30.060
Now he is dumb!

35:30.820 --> 35:35.560
This is a certain sign and token that he
doth consent and agree unto these his

35:35.560 --> 35:35.920
errors.

35:37.400 --> 35:41.100
Finally the matter came to this point,
that certain of the most moderate and

35:41.100 --> 35:44.960
honest among them, seeing this disorder,
determined to proceed no further,

35:45.520 --> 35:48.040
but that all should be put off until
another time.

35:49.280 --> 35:52.460
Through their advice the prelates and
others parted from the council for that

35:52.460 --> 35:56.840
present, and appointed to meet there again
on the day after the morrow, to proceed in

35:56.840 --> 35:57.160
judgment.

35:57.320 --> 36:02.800
On that day, which was the seventh of
June, somewhere about seven of the clock,

36:02.900 --> 36:08.180
the sun, a little before having been
almost wholly eclipsed, this same flock

36:08.180 --> 36:12.560
assembled in the cloister of the friar's
minor, and by their appointment John Huss

36:12.560 --> 36:16.540
was brought before them, accompanied with
a great number of armed men.

36:17.540 --> 36:22.300
Thither went also the emperor,
whom the noble men, Lords Wenceslas de

36:22.300 --> 36:26.200
Duber and John de Clum, did follow,
to see what the end would be.

36:27.320 --> 36:31.120
Then was read a certain article of
accusation, in which it was alleged,

36:31.300 --> 36:36.660
that John Huss had taught, and obstinately
defended, certain erroneous articles of

36:36.660 --> 36:37.280
Whitcliffe's.

36:38.280 --> 36:43.200
To confirm their article, there was
alleged, that John Huss did withstand the

36:43.200 --> 36:46.900
condemnation of Whitcliffe's articles,
the which had been first made at Rome.

36:47.700 --> 36:51.900
And afterward also, when the archbishop of
Prague, with other learned men,

36:52.020 --> 36:56.800
held a convocation at Prague for the same
matter, he answered, that he durst not

36:56.800 --> 37:01.100
agree thereunto for offending of his
conscience, and especially for these

37:01.100 --> 37:06.700
articles, that Sylvester the pope and
Constantine did err in bestowing great

37:06.700 --> 37:11.980
gifts and rewards upon the church,
also that the pope or priest, being in

37:11.980 --> 37:15.240
mortal sin, cannot consecrate nor baptize.

37:15.940 --> 37:22.000
This article said Huss, I have thus
limited, so as I should say, that he doth

37:22.000 --> 37:26.820
unworthily consecrate or baptize,
for that, when he is in deadly sin,

37:27.440 --> 37:30.500
he is an unworthy minister of the
sacraments of God.

37:31.520 --> 37:35.880
He did not consent, that Whitcliffe's
articles should be condemned, before

37:35.880 --> 37:41.520
sufficient reasons were alleged out of the
Holy Scripture for their condemnation.

37:42.680 --> 37:48.460
And of the same mind, saith John Huss,
are a great many other doctors and masters

37:48.460 --> 37:50.020
of the University of Prague.

37:50.700 --> 37:55.200
For when Cinco, the archbishop,
commanded all Whitcliffe's books to be

37:55.200 --> 37:58.360
gathered together in the whole city of
Prague, and to be brought unto him,

37:58.840 --> 38:03.400
I myself brought also certain books of
Whitcliffe's, which I gave unto the

38:03.400 --> 38:09.060
archbishop, desiring him, that if he found
any error or heresy in them, he would note

38:09.060 --> 38:12.100
and mark them, and I myself would publish
them openly.

38:13.280 --> 38:17.460
But the archbishop, albeit that he showed
me no error nor heresy in them,

38:18.020 --> 38:21.060
burned my books together with those that
were brought unto him.

38:21.840 --> 38:25.440
He obtained a bull from the pope,
that all Whitcliffe's books, for the

38:25.440 --> 38:29.680
manifold errors contained in them,
whereof there were none named,

38:30.180 --> 38:32.540
should be taken out of all men's hands.

38:33.280 --> 38:37.300
The archbishop, using the authority of
this bull, thought that he should bring to

38:37.300 --> 38:41.760
pass, that the king of Bohemia and other
nobles should consent to the condemnation

38:41.760 --> 38:44.780
of Whitcliffe's books, but therein he was
deceived.

38:46.280 --> 38:51.500
Yet nevertheless, calling together certain
divines, he gave them in commission to sit

38:51.500 --> 38:55.900
upon Whitcliffe's books, and to proceed
against them by a definitive sentence in

38:55.900 --> 38:56.820
the canon law.

38:58.040 --> 39:01.740
These men, by general sentence,
judged all those books worthy to be

39:01.740 --> 39:06.020
burned, which when the doctors,
masters, and scholars of the university

39:06.020 --> 39:11.260
heard report of, they, altogether,
with one consent and accord, none accepted

39:11.260 --> 39:15.200
but only they who before were chosen by
the archbishop to sit in judgment,

39:15.940 --> 39:19.200
determined to make supplication unto the
king to stay the matter.

39:20.280 --> 39:25.320
The king, granting their request,
sent by, and by certain, unto the

39:25.320 --> 39:27.140
archbishop to examine the matter.

39:28.060 --> 39:32.360
There he denied that he would decree
anything, as touching Whitcliffe's books,

39:32.880 --> 39:37.680
contrary unto the king's will and
pleasure, whereupon, albeit that he had

39:37.680 --> 39:42.320
determined to burn them the next day
after, yet for fear of the king the matter

39:42.320 --> 39:43.140
was passed over.

39:44.340 --> 39:49.720
In the meantime, Pope Alexander V,
being dead, the archbishop, fearing lest

39:49.720 --> 39:54.020
the bull, which he had received of the
pope, would be no longer of any force or

39:54.020 --> 39:59.220
effect, privily calling unto him his
adherents, and shutting the gates of his

39:59.220 --> 40:03.960
court round about him, being guarded with
a number of armed soldiers, consumed and

40:03.960 --> 40:05.980
burned all Whitcliffe's books.

40:06.980 --> 40:12.060
Besides this great injury, the archbishop,
by means of this bull aforesaid,

40:12.120 --> 40:14.460
committed another no less intolerable.

40:15.180 --> 40:19.920
For he gave commandment that no man after
that time, under pain of excommunication,

40:20.120 --> 40:21.980
should teach any more in chapels.

40:23.180 --> 40:28.580
Whereupon I did appeal unto the pope,
for being dead, and the cause of my matter

40:28.580 --> 40:34.300
remaining undetermined, I appealed
likewise unto his successor, John XXIII,

40:34.980 --> 40:38.720
before whom, when, by the space of two
years, I could not be admitted by my

40:38.720 --> 40:43.160
advocates to defend my cause, I appealed
unto the High Judge Christ.

40:44.220 --> 40:48.220
When John Hus had spoken these words,
it was demanded of him whether he had

40:48.220 --> 40:50.300
received absolution of the pope or no.

40:51.220 --> 40:52.080
He answered no.

40:53.180 --> 40:57.140
Then again, whether it was lawful for him
to appeal unto Christ or no.

40:58.780 --> 41:04.500
Whereunto John Hus answered, Verily I do
affirm here before you all, that there is

41:04.500 --> 41:08.720
no more just or effectual appeal than the
appeal which is made unto Christ,

41:09.100 --> 41:15.600
forasmuch as the law doth determine that
to appeal is no other thing than in a

41:15.600 --> 41:20.880
cause of grief or wrong done by an
inferior judge, to implore and require aid

41:20.880 --> 41:23.320
and remedy at a higher judge's hand.

41:23.960 --> 41:26.200
Who is then a higher judge than Christ?

41:26.760 --> 41:31.020
Who, I say, can know or judge the matter
more justly or with more equity,

41:31.600 --> 41:35.560
when in him there is found no deceit,
neither can he be deceived?

41:35.940 --> 41:39.680
Or, who can better help the miserable and
oppressed than he?

41:40.640 --> 41:44.960
While John Hus, with a devout and sober
countenance, was speaking and pronouncing

41:44.960 --> 41:49.500
those words, he was derided and mocked by
all the whole council.

41:51.320 --> 41:54.720
Then was there rehearsed another article
of his accusation in this manner.

41:55.820 --> 41:59.860
That John Hus, to confirm the heresy which
he had taught the common people out of

41:59.860 --> 42:04.700
Wycliffe's books, said that he wished his
soul to be in the same place where John

42:04.700 --> 42:06.040
Wycliffe's soul was.

42:07.000 --> 42:11.260
Whereunto John Hus answered that a dozen
years before any books of divinity of John

42:11.260 --> 42:16.260
Wycliffe's were in Bohemia, he did see
certain works of philosophy of his which

42:16.260 --> 42:18.840
he said did marvellously delight and
please him.

42:19.640 --> 42:24.420
And when he understood the good and godly
life of the said Wycliffe, he spake these

42:24.420 --> 42:24.900
words.

42:26.320 --> 42:30.660
This done, the said John Hus was committed
to the custody of the Archbishop of Riga.

42:31.440 --> 42:35.240
But before he was led away, the Cardinal
of Cambrai, calling him back again in the

42:35.240 --> 42:39.340
presence of the Emperor, said,
John Hus, I have heard you say that if you

42:39.340 --> 42:43.840
had not been willing of your own mind to
come unto Constance, neither the Emperor

42:43.840 --> 42:47.180
himself nor the King of Bohemia could have
compelled you to do it.

42:48.360 --> 42:52.800
Unto whom John Hus answered, Under your
license, most reverend father,

42:53.220 --> 42:57.760
I did say that there were in Bohemia a
great number of gentlemen and noblemen who

42:57.760 --> 43:02.260
did favour and love me, who also might
easily have kept me in some sure and

43:02.260 --> 43:07.280
secret place, that I should not have been
constrained to come unto this town of

43:07.280 --> 43:11.360
Constance, neither at the will of the
Emperor, neither of the King of Bohemia.

43:11.920 --> 43:17.280
With that the Cardinal of Cambrai,
even for very anger, began to change his

43:17.280 --> 43:22.920
colour, and despitefully said,
Do you not see the unshamefustedness of

43:22.920 --> 43:23.700
the man here?

43:25.380 --> 43:29.280
And as they were murmuring and whispering
on all parts, the Lord John de Clun,

43:29.400 --> 43:34.780
ratifying and confirming that which John
Hus had spoken, said, John Hus had spoken

43:34.780 --> 43:39.440
very well, for on my part, said he,
who in comparison of the great many

43:39.440 --> 43:46.000
others, am but of small force in the realm
of Bohemia, yet always, if I would have

43:46.000 --> 43:49.980
taken it in hand, I could have defended
him easily by the space of one year,

43:50.120 --> 43:54.140
even against all the force and power of
both these great and mighty kings.

43:55.300 --> 44:00.020
How much better might they have done it,
who are of more force or puissance than I

44:00.020 --> 44:03.660
am, and have stronger castles and places
than I have?

44:04.840 --> 44:10.800
After the Lord de Clun had spoken,
the Cardinal of Cambrai said, Let us leave

44:10.800 --> 44:15.900
this talk, and I tell you, John Hus,
and counsel you, that you submit yourself

44:15.900 --> 44:19.740
unto the sentence and mind of the council,
as you did promise in the prison.

44:20.540 --> 44:25.160
And if you will do so, it shall be greatly
both for your profit and honour.

44:25.960 --> 44:31.060
And the Emperor began to tell him the same
tale, saying, Forasmuch as divers have

44:31.060 --> 44:36.840
told us that we may not, or ought not,
of right to defend any man who is a

44:36.840 --> 44:41.480
heretic, or suspected of heresy,
therefore now we give you counsel,

44:41.940 --> 44:46.760
that you be not obstinate to maintain any
opinion, but that you do submit yourself

44:46.760 --> 44:51.540
unto the authority of the holy council,
which thing if you do, we will give order

44:51.540 --> 44:55.560
that the suffer you to depart in peace
with an easy penance.

44:56.260 --> 45:01.260
Which thing if you, contrarywise,
refuse to do, the presidents of the

45:01.260 --> 45:03.120
council shall proceed against you.

45:03.620 --> 45:08.140
And for our part, be ye well assured,
that we will sooner make the fire with our

45:08.140 --> 45:13.280
own hands to burn you withal, than we will
suffer any longer, that you shall maintain

45:13.280 --> 45:17.700
or use this stiffness of opinions,
which you have hitherto used.

45:18.400 --> 45:23.060
The morrow after, which was the eighth day
of June, the company assembled at the

45:23.060 --> 45:24.580
convent of the Franciscans.

45:25.400 --> 45:29.500
There though was John Huss brought,
and in his presence there were read the

45:29.500 --> 45:32.380
articles which, they said, were drawn out
of his books.

45:33.340 --> 45:36.960
Huss acknowledged all those that were
faithfully and truly collected and

45:36.960 --> 45:40.820
gathered to be his, of which sort there
were but very few.

45:42.100 --> 45:46.180
The articles drawn from the books of John
Huss, with his answers to the same.

45:47.440 --> 45:51.340
Peter never was, neither is the head of
the holy universal church.

45:51.560 --> 45:52.420
Answer.

45:52.960 --> 45:55.580
This article was drawn out of these words
of my book.

45:56.200 --> 46:00.640
All men do agree in this point,
that Peter had received of the rock of the

46:00.640 --> 46:05.300
church, which is Christ, humility,
poverty, steadfastness of faith,

46:05.880 --> 46:08.320
and consequently blessedness.

46:09.220 --> 46:12.860
Not as though the meaning of our Lord
Jesus Christ was, when he said,

46:13.560 --> 46:18.860
Upon this rock I will build my church,
that he would build every militant church

46:18.860 --> 46:22.700
upon the person of Peter, for Christ
should build his church upon the rock

46:22.700 --> 46:24.020
which is Christ himself.

46:24.600 --> 46:29.020
From thence Peter received his
steadfastness of faith, forasmuch as Jesus

46:29.020 --> 46:32.980
Christ is the only head and foundation of
every church, and not Peter.

46:34.220 --> 46:38.460
If he that is called the vicar of Jesus
Christ do follow Christ in his life,

46:39.080 --> 46:40.700
then he is his true vicar.

46:41.820 --> 46:48.020
But if so be he do walk in contrary paths
and ways, then he is the messenger of

46:48.020 --> 46:52.760
Antichrist, and the enemy and adversary of
St. Peter, and of our Lord Jesus Christ,

46:53.160 --> 46:55.460
and also the vicar of Judas Iscariot.

46:56.640 --> 46:57.080
Answer.

46:57.480 --> 46:59.080
The words of my book are these.

46:59.960 --> 47:04.640
If he who is called the vicar of St. Peter
walk in the ways of Christian virtues

47:04.640 --> 47:09.620
aforesaid, we do believe verily that he is
the true vicar and true bishop of the

47:09.620 --> 47:10.760
church which he ruleth.

47:11.500 --> 47:17.140
But if he walk in contrary paths and ways,
then he is the messenger of Antichrist,

47:17.760 --> 47:21.220
contrary both to St. Peter and to our Lord
Jesus Christ.

47:21.920 --> 47:26.940
And therefore St. Bernard, in his fourth
book, did write in this sort unto Pope

47:26.940 --> 47:32.920
Eugene, Thou delightest and walkest in
great pride and arrogancy, being

47:32.920 --> 47:35.060
gorgeously and sumptuously arrayed.

47:35.820 --> 47:39.860
What fruit or profit do thy flock or sheep
receive by thee?

47:40.700 --> 47:45.800
If I durst say it, these be rather the
pastures and feedings of devils than of

47:45.800 --> 47:46.120
sheep.

47:47.340 --> 47:50.260
St. Peter and St. Paul did not so.

47:50.720 --> 47:56.040
Wherefore thou seemest by these thy doings
to succeed Constantine, and not St. Peter.

47:57.200 --> 48:01.860
It followeth after in my book,
that if the manner and fashion of his life

48:01.860 --> 48:07.260
and living be contrary to that which St.
Peter used, or that he be given to avarice

48:07.260 --> 48:13.640
and covetousness, then is he the vicar of
Judas Iscariot, who loved and chose the

48:13.640 --> 48:18.120
reward of iniquity, and did set out to
sail the Lord Jesus Christ?

48:19.440 --> 48:23.840
The papal dignity hath his original,
from the emperors of Rome.

48:25.040 --> 48:28.060
Answer, mark well what my words are.

48:28.800 --> 48:33.100
The preeminence and institution of the
pope is sprung and come of the emperor's

48:33.100 --> 48:34.300
power and authority.

48:35.380 --> 48:39.820
For Constantine granted this privilege
unto the bishop of Rome, and others after

48:39.820 --> 48:40.980
him confirmed the same.

48:41.920 --> 48:46.860
That like as Augustus, for the outward and
temporal goods bestowed upon the church,

48:47.320 --> 48:50.340
is counted always the most high king above
all others.

48:51.140 --> 48:55.500
So the bishop of Rome should be called the
principal father above all other bishops.

48:56.720 --> 49:01.880
No man would reasonably affirm,
without revelation, either of himself or

49:01.880 --> 49:05.000
of any other, that he is the head of any
particular church.

49:05.880 --> 49:09.220
Answer, I confess it to be written in my
book.

49:10.440 --> 49:15.600
The pope's power as vicar is but vain and
nothing worth, if he do not confirm and

49:15.600 --> 49:19.340
address his life according to Jesus
Christ, and follow the manners of St.

49:19.460 --> 49:19.680
Peter.

49:20.820 --> 49:27.140
Answer, it is thus in my book,
that it is meet and expedient that he who

49:27.140 --> 49:32.400
is ordained vicar should address and frame
himself in manners and conditions to the

49:32.400 --> 49:34.820
authority of him who did put him in place.

49:35.660 --> 49:39.860
The cardinals are not the manifest and
true successors of the other apostles of

49:39.860 --> 49:43.460
Jesus Christ, if they live not according
to the fashion of the apostles,

49:43.880 --> 49:46.660
keeping the commandments and ordinances of
the Lord Jesus.

49:47.880 --> 49:50.980
Answer, it is thus written in my book.

49:52.080 --> 49:57.240
A heretic ought not to be committed to the
secular powers to be put to death,

49:57.720 --> 50:02.820
for it is sufficient only that he abide
and suffer the ecclesiastical censure.

50:04.240 --> 50:06.200
Answer, these are my words.

50:06.820 --> 50:10.000
They might be ashamed of their cruel
sentence and judgment, especially

50:10.000 --> 50:15.420
forasmuch as Jesus Christ, bishop both of
the Old and New Testaments, would not

50:15.420 --> 50:20.480
judge such as were disobedient by civil
judgment, neither condemn them to bodily

50:20.480 --> 50:21.000
death.

50:21.840 --> 50:25.920
A heretic ought first to be instructed and
taught with Christian love and gentleness

50:25.920 --> 50:26.860
by the Holy Scriptures.

50:27.720 --> 50:32.380
But if there were any who, after gentle
and loving admonitions and instructions,

50:32.640 --> 50:37.000
would not cease from their stiffness of
opinions, but obstinately resist against

50:37.000 --> 50:42.080
the truth, such, I say, ought to suffer
corporal or bodily punishment.

50:43.520 --> 50:47.720
As soon as John Hus had spoken those
things, the judges read in his book a

50:47.720 --> 50:51.980
certain clause, wherein he seemed
grievously to inveigh against them who

50:51.980 --> 50:56.960
delivered a heretic unto the secular
power, not being confuted or convicted of

50:56.960 --> 51:01.540
heresy, and compared them unto the high
priests, scribes, and Pharisees,

51:01.760 --> 51:06.840
who said unto Pilate, It is not lawful for
us to put any man to death, and delivered

51:06.840 --> 51:07.920
Christ unto him.

51:08.540 --> 51:13.360
And yet notwithstanding, according unto
Christ's own witness, they were greater

51:13.360 --> 51:14.680
murderers than Pilate.

51:15.260 --> 51:20.280
For he, said Christ, who hath delivered me
unto thee, hath committed the greatest

51:20.280 --> 51:20.860
offence.

51:21.960 --> 51:25.780
Then the cardinals and bishops made a
great noise, and demanded of John Hus,

51:25.900 --> 51:30.860
saying, Who are they that thou dost
compare unto the Pharisees?

51:31.580 --> 51:36.640
Then he said, All those who deliver up any
innocent unto the civil sword,

51:37.120 --> 51:41.080
as the scribes and Pharisees delivered
Jesus Christ unto Pilate.

51:42.460 --> 51:47.400
He that is excommunicated by the pope,
if he refuse and forsake the judgment of

51:47.400 --> 51:51.060
the pope and the general counsel,
and appealeth unto Jesus Christ,

51:51.420 --> 51:56.100
after he hath made his appellation,
all the excommunications and curses of the

51:56.100 --> 51:58.380
pope cannot annoy or hurt him.

51:59.560 --> 52:05.900
Answer I did make my complaint in my book,
that they had both done me, and such as

52:05.900 --> 52:10.600
favoured me, great wrong, and that they
refused to hear me in the pope's court.

52:11.400 --> 52:15.840
For after the death of one pope I did
appeal to his successor, and all that did

52:15.840 --> 52:16.700
profit me nothing.

52:17.400 --> 52:20.560
And therefore, last of all, I have
appealed to the head of the church,

52:20.720 --> 52:25.200
my Lord Jesus Christ, for he is much more
excellent and better than any pope,

52:25.800 --> 52:29.860
to discuss and determine matters and
causes, forasmuch as he cannot err,

52:30.280 --> 52:35.040
neither yet deny justice to him that doth
ask or require it in a just cause,

52:35.540 --> 52:37.280
neither can he condemn the innocent.

52:38.580 --> 52:43.120
The minister of Christ, living according
to his law, and having the knowledge and

52:43.120 --> 52:47.160
understanding of the Scriptures,
and an earnest desire to edify the people,

52:47.480 --> 52:51.800
ought to preach, notwithstanding the
pretended excommunication of the pope.

52:52.260 --> 52:57.120
And moreover, if the pope, or any other
ruler, do forbid any priest or minister so

52:57.120 --> 53:03.980
disposed to preach, that he ought not to
obey him, answer, These are my words,

53:04.480 --> 53:08.540
that, albeit the excommunication,
were either threatened or come out against

53:08.540 --> 53:12.740
him in such thought that a Christian ought
not to do the commandments of Christ,

53:13.180 --> 53:17.460
it appeareth by the words of St. Peter and
the other apostles, that we ought rather

53:17.460 --> 53:19.080
to obey God than man.

53:20.320 --> 53:25.240
Whereupon it followeth, that the minister
of Christ, living according unto this law,

53:25.560 --> 53:29.120
ought to preach, notwithstanding any
pretended excommunication.

53:29.960 --> 53:35.120
For God hath commanded us to preach and
testify unto the people, whereby it is

53:35.120 --> 53:38.280
evident that if the pope, or any other
ruler of the church, do command any

53:38.280 --> 53:42.980
minister disposed to preach not to preach,
they ought not to obey him.

53:44.420 --> 53:49.700
They objected unto him, that he had said,
that such kind of excommunications were

53:49.700 --> 53:50.460
rather blessings.

53:51.580 --> 53:57.460
Verily, said John Huss, even so I do now
say again, that every excommunication,

53:57.600 --> 54:03.060
by which a man is unjustly excommunicated,
is unto him a blessing before God.

54:03.980 --> 54:08.300
No Christian ought to doubt, but that a
man sufficiently instructed in learning is

54:08.300 --> 54:13.540
more bound to counsel and instruct the
ignorant, to teach those who are in doubt,

54:13.860 --> 54:18.760
to chastise those who are unruly,
and to remit and forgive those that do him

54:18.760 --> 54:21.700
injury, than to do any other works of
mercy.

54:22.560 --> 54:26.640
There is no spark of appearance,
that there ought to be one head in the

54:26.640 --> 54:31.440
spirituality, to rule the church,
which should be always conversant with the

54:31.440 --> 54:32.260
militant church.

54:33.180 --> 54:35.080
Answer, I do grant it.

54:35.640 --> 54:39.940
Christ is the head of the spirituality,
ruling and governing the militant church

54:39.940 --> 54:44.260
by much more and greater necessity than
Caesar ought to rule the temporality.

54:45.120 --> 54:49.100
Forasmuch as Christ, who sitteth on the
right hand of God the Father, doth

54:49.100 --> 54:51.900
necessarily rule the militant church as
head.

54:53.860 --> 54:58.400
Christ would better rule His church by His
true apostles, dispersed throughout the

54:58.400 --> 55:00.940
whole world, without such monstrous heads.

55:02.320 --> 55:05.140
Answer, It is in my book as here
followeth.

55:06.020 --> 55:11.120
We do verily believe that Christ Jesus is
the head over every church, ruling the

55:11.120 --> 55:16.040
same without lack or default, pouring upon
the same a continual motion and sense.

55:16.920 --> 55:21.440
The church in the time of the apostles was
far better ruled and governed than now is.

55:22.300 --> 55:27.300
And what doth hinder that Christ should
not now rule the same better, by His true

55:27.300 --> 55:31.060
disciples, without such monstrous heads as
have been of late?

55:33.540 --> 55:36.800
When the articles were read over,
together with their testimonies,

55:36.860 --> 55:41.880
the Cardinal of Cambrai, calling unto John
Hus, said, Thou hast heard what grievous

55:41.880 --> 55:46.240
and horrible crimes are laid against thee,
and what a number of them there are.

55:46.940 --> 55:50.760
And now it is thy part to devise with
thyself what thou wilt do.

55:51.480 --> 55:53.540
Two ways are set before thee by the
council.

55:54.140 --> 55:58.920
First, that thou do meekly submit thyself
unto the judgment of the council,

55:59.060 --> 56:03.400
that whatsoever shall be there determined,
thou wilt patiently bear and suffer the

56:03.400 --> 56:03.660
same.

56:04.720 --> 56:09.360
Which thing if thou wilt do, we will treat
and handle thee with as great humanity,

56:09.640 --> 56:11.240
love, and gentleness as we may.

56:12.320 --> 56:16.220
But if as yet thou art determined to
defend any of those articles which we have

56:16.220 --> 56:20.520
propounded unto thee, and dost desire or
require to be further heard thereupon,

56:20.740 --> 56:23.280
we will not deny thee power and license
thereunto.

56:23.880 --> 56:28.320
But this thou shalt well understand,
that here are such manner of men,

56:28.520 --> 56:32.920
so clear in understanding and knowledge,
and having such firm and strong reasons

56:32.920 --> 56:36.980
and arguments against thy articles,
that I fear it will be to thy great hurt,

56:37.280 --> 56:38.240
detriment, and peril.

56:39.960 --> 56:44.820
Unto whom, with a lowly countenance,
John Hus answered, Most Reverend Fathers,

56:45.560 --> 56:50.760
I have often said that I came hither of
mine own free will, not to the intent

56:50.760 --> 56:55.480
obstinately to defend anything,
but that if in anything I should seem to

56:55.480 --> 57:00.460
have conceived a perverse or evil opinion,
I would meekly and patiently be content to

57:00.460 --> 57:01.900
be reformed and taught.

57:02.800 --> 57:07.020
Whereupon I desire that I may have yet
further liberty to declare my mind,

57:07.440 --> 57:11.960
whereof, except I shall allege most firm
and strong reasons, I will willingly

57:11.960 --> 57:14.200
submit myself as you require.

57:15.520 --> 57:20.340
Then said the Cardinal of Cambrai,
For as much then as thou dost submit

57:20.340 --> 57:23.740
thyself unto the grace of this council,
this is decreed.

57:24.220 --> 57:28.440
First, that thou shalt humbly and meekly
confess thyself to have erred in these

57:28.440 --> 57:30.620
articles which are alleged and brought
against thee.

57:31.140 --> 57:35.500
Secondly, that thou shalt promise by an
oath, that from henceforth thou shalt not

57:35.500 --> 57:39.760
hold or teach any of these articles,
and last of all, that thou shalt openly

57:39.760 --> 57:41.340
recant all these articles.

57:42.440 --> 57:47.040
Upon which sentence, when many others have
spoken their minds at length, John Hus

57:47.040 --> 57:51.900
said, I most humbly desire you all,
even for his sake who is the God of us

57:51.900 --> 57:56.960
all, that I be not compelled to do the
thing which my conscience doth strive

57:56.960 --> 58:01.820
against, or which I cannot do without
danger of eternal damnation, that is,

58:02.100 --> 58:06.700
that I should make revocation by oath to
all the articles which are alleged against

58:06.700 --> 58:06.920
me.

58:07.420 --> 58:12.800
But if there be any man who can teach me
contrarywise unto them, I will willingly

58:12.800 --> 58:14.500
perform that which you desire.

58:15.600 --> 58:19.880
Then said the Cardinal of Florence,
John Hus, you shall have a form of

58:19.880 --> 58:24.240
abjuration, which shall be gentle and
tolerable enough, written and delivered

58:24.240 --> 58:28.500
unto you, and then you will easily and
soon determine with yourself whether you

58:28.500 --> 58:29.480
will do it or no.

58:30.440 --> 58:35.800
But John Hus constantly answered as
before, insomuch that they said he was

58:35.800 --> 58:37.200
obstinate and stubborn.

58:38.260 --> 58:42.740
Thus they were all so grievous and
troublesome unto him that he waxed faint

58:42.740 --> 58:47.660
and weary, for he had passed all the night
before without sleep through the pain of

58:47.660 --> 58:48.120
his teeth.

58:49.000 --> 58:53.400
The Archbishop of Riga, unto whom John Hus
was committed, commanded that he should be

58:53.400 --> 58:54.860
carried again safely to prison.

58:55.940 --> 58:59.380
Then John de Clombe following him did not
a little comfort him.

59:00.200 --> 59:04.280
No tongue can express what courage he
received by the short talk which he had

59:04.280 --> 59:08.980
with him when, in so great a broil and
grievous hatred, he saw himself forsaken

59:08.980 --> 59:09.740
of all men.

59:10.900 --> 59:15.580
After that John Hus was carried away,
the Emperor began to exhort the Presidents

59:15.580 --> 59:19.780
of the Council in this manner following,
You have heard the manifold and grievous

59:19.780 --> 59:23.860
crimes which are laid against John Hus,
which are not only proved by manifest and

59:23.860 --> 59:27.920
strong witnesses, but also confessed by
him, of which every one of them,

59:28.180 --> 59:31.900
by my judgment and advice, hath deserved
and is worthy of death.

59:33.240 --> 59:37.700
Therefore, except he do recant them all,
I judge and think meet that he be punished

59:37.700 --> 59:38.360
with fire.

59:39.320 --> 59:43.580
The day before his condemnation,
which was the sixth of July, the Empress

59:43.580 --> 59:49.000
Sigismund sent unto him four bishops,
accompanied with Lords Wenceslas de Duber

59:49.000 --> 59:53.520
and John de Clombe, that they should learn
of him what he did intend to do.

59:54.760 --> 59:58.180
When he was brought out of prison unto
them, John de Clombe began first to speak

59:58.180 --> 01:00:03.020
unto him, saying, Master John Hus,
I am a man unlearned, neither am I able to

01:00:03.020 --> 01:00:04.960
counsel you, being a man of understanding.

01:00:05.860 --> 01:00:09.720
Notwithstanding, I do require you,
if you know yourself guilty of any of

01:00:09.720 --> 01:00:14.100
those errors which are laid against you,
that you will not be ashamed to alter your

01:00:14.100 --> 01:00:14.540
mind.

01:00:15.420 --> 01:00:19.720
If, contrarywise, I would not that you
should do anything against your

01:00:19.720 --> 01:00:23.560
conscience, but rather suffer any
punishment, then deny that which you have

01:00:23.560 --> 01:00:24.640
known to be the truth.

01:00:25.640 --> 01:00:31.620
Unto whom John Hus, turning himself with
lamentable tears, said, Verily I do take

01:00:31.620 --> 01:00:35.720
the most high guard for my witness,
that I am ready with my heart and mind,

01:00:36.100 --> 01:00:40.200
if the council can teach me any better by
the holy Scripture to alter my purpose.

01:00:41.080 --> 01:00:45.580
Then one of the bishops who sat by,
said unto him, that he would never be so

01:00:45.580 --> 01:00:49.700
arrogant, that he would prefer his own
mind before the judgment of the whole

01:00:49.700 --> 01:00:50.060
council.

01:00:51.080 --> 01:00:56.680
To whom John Hus answered, If he who is
the least in all this council can convict

01:00:56.680 --> 01:01:01.580
me of error, I will, with an humble heart
and mind, perform whatsoever the council

01:01:01.580 --> 01:01:02.580
shall require of me.

01:01:03.540 --> 01:01:08.220
Mark, said the bishops, how obstinately he
doth persevere in his errors!

01:01:09.280 --> 01:01:12.800
And when they had thus talked,
they commanded the keepers to carry him

01:01:12.800 --> 01:01:13.680
again to prison.

01:01:14.600 --> 01:01:19.100
The next day after, which was Saturday,
the sixth day of July, there was a general

01:01:19.100 --> 01:01:23.600
session holden of the princes and lords,
both of the ecclesiastical and temporal

01:01:23.600 --> 01:01:28.660
estates, in the head church of the city of
Constance, the emperor Sigismund being

01:01:28.660 --> 01:01:30.980
president in his imperial robes and habit.

01:01:31.520 --> 01:01:36.380
In the midst whereof, there was made a
certain high place, being square about,

01:01:36.700 --> 01:01:41.320
like a table, and hard by it there was a
desk of wood, on which the vestments

01:01:41.320 --> 01:01:46.420
pertaining unto priesthood were laid for
this cause, that before John Hus should be

01:01:46.420 --> 01:01:50.940
delivered over unto the civil power,
he should be openly spoiled of his

01:01:50.940 --> 01:01:51.740
priestly ornaments.

01:01:52.960 --> 01:01:56.760
When John Hus was brought thither,
he fell down upon his knees and prayed a

01:01:56.760 --> 01:01:57.380
long time.

01:01:58.940 --> 01:02:02.360
The proctor of the council required that
they might proceed unto the definitive

01:02:02.360 --> 01:02:02.800
sentence.

01:02:03.900 --> 01:02:08.320
Then a certain bishop, who was appointed
one of the judges, repeated those articles

01:02:08.320 --> 01:02:09.680
which we have before remembered.

01:02:10.620 --> 01:02:15.100
John Hus went about briefly, with a word
or two, to answer unto every one of them.

01:02:15.700 --> 01:02:20.260
But as often as he was about to speak,
the cardinal of Cambrai commanded him to

01:02:20.260 --> 01:02:24.780
hold his peace, saying, Hereafter you
shall answer all together, if you will.

01:02:25.480 --> 01:02:30.420
Then said John Hus, How can I at once
answer all these things which are alleged

01:02:30.420 --> 01:02:32.480
against me, when I cannot remember them
all?

01:02:33.440 --> 01:02:37.140
Then said the cardinal of Florence,
We have heard these sufficiently.

01:02:38.300 --> 01:02:42.540
But when John Hus, for all that,
would not hold his peace, they sent the

01:02:42.540 --> 01:02:44.740
officers, who should force him thereunto.

01:02:45.860 --> 01:02:49.460
Then began he to entreat, pray,
and beseech them, that they would hear

01:02:49.460 --> 01:02:53.600
him, that such as were present might not
credit or believe those things to be true

01:02:53.600 --> 01:02:54.800
which were reported of him.

01:02:55.820 --> 01:02:59.900
But when all this would nothing prevail,
he, kneeling down upon his knees,

01:03:00.060 --> 01:03:03.260
committed the whole matter unto God and
the Lord Jesus Christ.

01:03:04.100 --> 01:03:08.500
O Lord Jesus Christ, whose word is openly
condemned here in this council,

01:03:08.760 --> 01:03:14.160
unto Thee again I do appeal, Who,
when Thou wast evil and treated of Thine

01:03:14.160 --> 01:03:19.940
enemies, didst appeal unto God Thy Father,
committing Thy cause unto a most just

01:03:19.940 --> 01:03:25.180
judge, that by Thy example we also,
being oppressed with the manifest wrongs

01:03:25.180 --> 01:03:27.140
and injuries, should flee unto Thee.

01:03:28.500 --> 01:03:31.920
When he had spoken these words,
one of them, who was appointed judge,

01:03:32.060 --> 01:03:33.780
read the definitive sentence against him.

01:03:35.060 --> 01:03:40.420
Forasmuch as one John Hus, the disciple of
John Whitcliffe, hath taught, preached,

01:03:40.600 --> 01:03:45.080
and affirmed the articles of Whitcliffe,
which were condemned by the church of God,

01:03:45.700 --> 01:03:49.960
especially resisting in his open sermons,
and also with his adherents and

01:03:49.960 --> 01:03:53.540
accomplices in the schools, the
condemnation of said articles of

01:03:53.540 --> 01:03:57.940
Whitcliffe, and hath declared him,
the said Whitcliffe, for the favor and

01:03:57.940 --> 01:04:02.000
commendation of his doctrine before the
whole multitude of the clergy and people,

01:04:02.380 --> 01:04:05.880
to be a Catholic man and a true
evangelical doctor.

01:04:06.900 --> 01:04:11.660
Wherefore, this most sacred and holy
council of Constance doth condemn and

01:04:11.660 --> 01:04:16.420
reprove all those books which the said
John Hus wrote, and doth decree,

01:04:17.160 --> 01:04:21.580
that they all shall be solemnly and openly
burned in the presence of the clergy and

01:04:21.580 --> 01:04:26.900
people of the city of Constance and
elsewhere, adding, moreover, that all his

01:04:26.900 --> 01:04:31.660
doctrine is worthy to be despised and
eschewed of all faithful Christians.

01:04:32.560 --> 01:04:38.260
This sacred synod doth straightly command
that diligent inquisition be made for such

01:04:38.260 --> 01:04:43.360
treaties and works, and that such as are
found, be consumed with fire.

01:04:45.440 --> 01:04:50.100
Wherefore, this most sacred and holy synod
determineth, pronounceth, declareth,

01:04:50.240 --> 01:04:55.800
and decreeth, that John Hus was and is a
true and manifest heretic, and that he

01:04:55.800 --> 01:05:01.220
hath preached openly errors and heresies,
despising the keys of the church and

01:05:01.220 --> 01:05:02.840
ecclesiastical censures.

01:05:04.120 --> 01:05:08.840
In the which his error, he hath continued
with a mind altogether indurate and

01:05:08.840 --> 01:05:13.480
hardened by the space of many years,
much offending the faithful Christians by

01:05:13.480 --> 01:05:17.560
his obstinacy and stubbornness,
when he made his appeal unto the Lord

01:05:17.560 --> 01:05:20.160
Jesus Christ as the most high judge.

01:05:20.920 --> 01:05:26.860
Whereupon the said synod judgeth him to be
condemned as a heretic, and reproveth the

01:05:26.860 --> 01:05:30.880
said appeal as injurious, offensive,
and done in derision unto the

01:05:30.880 --> 01:05:36.320
ecclesiastical jurisdiction, and judgeth
the said Hus, not only to have seduced the

01:05:36.320 --> 01:05:40.420
Christian people by his writings and
preachings, neither to have been a true

01:05:40.420 --> 01:05:44.940
preacher of the gospel of Christ,
but also to have been an obstinate and

01:05:44.940 --> 01:05:50.780
stiff-necked person, such as one as doth
not desire to return again to the lap of

01:05:50.780 --> 01:05:56.120
our holy mother the church, neither to
abjure the errors and heresies which he

01:05:56.120 --> 01:05:58.280
hath openly preached and defended.

01:05:59.240 --> 01:06:03.600
Wherefore this most sacred counsel
decreeth that the said John Hus shall be

01:06:03.600 --> 01:06:07.620
deposed and degraded from his priestly
orders and dignity.

01:06:09.560 --> 01:06:14.000
While these things were thus read,
John Hus, albeit he was forbidden to

01:06:14.000 --> 01:06:17.080
speak, notwithstanding did often interrupt
them.

01:06:17.560 --> 01:06:21.200
And especially when he was reproved of
obstinacy, he said with a loud voice,

01:06:21.660 --> 01:06:27.640
I was never obstinate, but as always
heretofore, even so now again I desire to

01:06:27.640 --> 01:06:29.040
be taught by the holy Scriptures.

01:06:29.880 --> 01:06:33.340
When his books were condemned,
he said, Wherefore have you condemned

01:06:33.340 --> 01:06:36.660
those books when you have not proved that
they were contrary to the Scriptures?

01:06:37.520 --> 01:06:40.740
And oftentimes, looking up unto heaven,
he prayed.

01:06:42.140 --> 01:06:46.200
When the sentence and judgment were ended,
kneeling down upon his knees, he said,

01:06:46.980 --> 01:06:51.500
Lord Jesus Christ, forgive mine enemies by
whom Thou knowest that I am falsely

01:06:51.500 --> 01:06:55.480
accused, and that they have used false
witness and slanders against me.

01:06:56.000 --> 01:06:59.020
Forgive them, I say, for Thy great mercy's
sake.

01:07:00.060 --> 01:07:03.720
This his prayer, the greater part,
and especially the chief of the priests,

01:07:04.040 --> 01:07:05.240
did deride and mock.

01:07:06.180 --> 01:07:10.700
At last the seven bishops who were chosen
out to degrade him of his priesthood

01:07:10.700 --> 01:07:13.840
commanded him to put on the garments
pertaining unto priesthood.

01:07:15.040 --> 01:07:19.180
When he came to the putting on of the alb,
he called to his remembrance the white

01:07:19.180 --> 01:07:23.020
vesture which Herod put on Jesus Christ,
to mock him withal.

01:07:23.720 --> 01:07:28.200
So likewise in all other things he did
comfort himself by the example of Christ.

01:07:29.160 --> 01:07:35.040
When he had now put on all his priestly
vestures, the bishops exhorted him that he

01:07:35.040 --> 01:07:38.740
should yet alter his purpose and provide
for his honor and salvation.

01:07:39.760 --> 01:07:45.760
Then he, being full of tears, spake unto
the people in this sort, These lords and

01:07:45.760 --> 01:07:50.560
bishops do exhort and counsel me,
that I should here confess before you all

01:07:50.560 --> 01:07:56.280
that I have erred, which thing to do,
if it were such as might be done with the

01:07:56.280 --> 01:08:01.300
infamy and reproach of man only,
they might peradventure easily persuade me

01:08:01.300 --> 01:08:01.840
thereunto.

01:08:02.860 --> 01:08:07.740
But now truly I am in the sight of the
Lord my God, without whose great ignominy,

01:08:08.300 --> 01:08:12.720
and grudge of mine own conscience,
I can by no means do that which they

01:08:12.720 --> 01:08:13.520
require of me.

01:08:14.560 --> 01:08:17.220
With what countenance then should I behold
the heavens?

01:08:17.860 --> 01:08:22.420
with what face should I look upon them,
whom I have taught, whereof there is a

01:08:22.420 --> 01:08:27.200
great number, if through me it should come
to pass that those things which they have

01:08:27.200 --> 01:08:31.920
hitherto known to be most certain and
sure, should now be made uncertain?

01:08:32.880 --> 01:08:37.520
Should I by this my example astonish or
trouble so many souls, so many

01:08:37.520 --> 01:08:42.240
consciences, endued with the most firm and
certain knowledge of the Scriptures and

01:08:42.240 --> 01:08:46.660
gospel of our Lord Jesus Christ,
and His most pure doctrine, armed against

01:08:46.660 --> 01:08:48.240
all the assaults of Satan?

01:08:48.860 --> 01:08:53.400
I will never do it, neither commit any
such kind of offense, that I should seem

01:08:53.400 --> 01:08:58.360
more to esteem this vile carcass appointed
unto death than their health and

01:08:58.360 --> 01:08:58.920
salvation.

01:08:59.980 --> 01:09:03.380
Then one of the bishops took away the
chalice from him, which he held in his

01:09:03.380 --> 01:09:08.300
hand, saying, O cursed Judas, why hast
thou forsaken the counsel and ways of

01:09:08.300 --> 01:09:08.640
peace?

01:09:09.360 --> 01:09:12.700
We take away from thee this chalice of thy
salvation.

01:09:14.120 --> 01:09:19.280
But John Hus received this curse in this
manner, I trust unto God the Father

01:09:19.280 --> 01:09:23.860
omnipotent, and my Lord Jesus Christ,
for whose sake I do suffer these things,

01:09:24.280 --> 01:09:28.380
that He will not take away the chalice of
His redemption, but have a steadfast and

01:09:28.380 --> 01:09:32.380
firm hope that this day I shall drink
thereof in His kingdom.

01:09:33.300 --> 01:09:36.540
Then followed the other bishops in order,
who every one of them took away the

01:09:36.540 --> 01:09:41.520
vestments from him which they had put on,
each one of them giving him their curse,

01:09:42.120 --> 01:09:46.040
whereunto John Hus answered that he did
willingly embrace and hear those

01:09:46.040 --> 01:09:48.720
blasphemies for the name of our Lord Jesus
Christ.

01:09:49.980 --> 01:09:53.160
At last they came to the raising of his
shaven crown.

01:09:54.120 --> 01:09:58.260
But before the bishops would go in hand
with it, there was a great contention

01:09:58.260 --> 01:10:03.140
between them with what instrument it
should be done, with a razor or with a

01:10:03.140 --> 01:10:03.880
pair of shears.

01:10:04.960 --> 01:10:08.920
In the mean season John Hus, turning
himself toward the emperor, said,

01:10:09.240 --> 01:10:14.940
I marvel that for as much as they be all
of like cruel mind, yet they cannot agree

01:10:14.940 --> 01:10:16.460
upon their kind of cruelty.

01:10:17.940 --> 01:10:22.300
At last they agreed to cut off the skin of
the crown of his head with a pair of

01:10:22.300 --> 01:10:22.740
shears.

01:10:23.780 --> 01:10:28.880
And when they had done that, they added
these words, Now hath the church taken

01:10:28.880 --> 01:10:31.820
away all her ornaments and privileges from
him.

01:10:32.480 --> 01:10:38.100
Now there resteth nothing else but that he
be delivered over unto the secular power.

01:10:39.140 --> 01:10:43.380
But before they did that, there yet
remained another knack of reproach,

01:10:43.780 --> 01:10:48.540
for they caused to be made a certain crown
of paper almost a cubit deep, on which

01:10:48.540 --> 01:10:53.620
were painted three devils of wonderfully
ugly shape, and this title set over their

01:10:53.620 --> 01:10:55.580
heads, Herasiaca.

01:10:56.900 --> 01:11:02.520
Which when he saw, he said, My Lord Jesus
Christ for my sake did wear a crown of

01:11:02.520 --> 01:11:02.920
thorns.

01:11:03.640 --> 01:11:09.340
Why should not I then for his sake again
wear this light crown, be it ever so

01:11:09.340 --> 01:11:10.160
ignominious?

01:11:10.980 --> 01:11:12.860
Truly I will do it, and that willingly.

01:11:13.800 --> 01:11:17.620
And when it was set upon his head,
the bishop said, Now we commit thy soul

01:11:17.620 --> 01:11:18.300
unto the devil.

01:11:18.960 --> 01:11:24.120
But I, said John Hus, lifting his eyes up
towards the heavens, do commend into thy

01:11:24.120 --> 01:11:28.960
hands, O Lord Jesus Christ, my spirit,
which thou hast redeemed.

01:11:30.160 --> 01:11:34.940
These contumelious approbries thus ended,
the bishops turning themselves towards the

01:11:34.940 --> 01:11:40.000
emperor said, This most sacred synod of
Constance leaveth now John Hus,

01:11:40.260 --> 01:11:45.080
who hath no more any office in the church
of God, unto the civil judgment and power.

01:11:45.880 --> 01:11:50.100
Then the emperor commanded Louis,
Duke of Bavaria, who stood before him in

01:11:50.100 --> 01:11:54.200
his robes, holding the golden apple with
the cross in his hand, that he should

01:11:54.200 --> 01:11:58.580
receive John Hus of the bishops,
and deliver him unto them who should do

01:11:58.580 --> 01:12:03.880
the execution, by whom, as he was led to
the place of execution before the church

01:12:03.880 --> 01:12:07.880
doors, he saw his books burning,
whereat he smiled and laughed.

01:12:08.920 --> 01:12:14.080
And all men that passed by he exhorted,
not to think that he should die for any

01:12:14.080 --> 01:12:18.920
error or heresy, but only for the hatred
and ill-will of his adversaries who had

01:12:18.920 --> 01:12:21.500
charged him with most false and unjust
crimes.

01:12:22.280 --> 01:12:25.220
All the whole city, in a manner being in
armour, followed him.

01:12:26.060 --> 01:12:30.960
The place appointed for the execution was
before the Gottlieben gate, between the

01:12:30.960 --> 01:12:33.140
gardens and the gates of the suburbs.

01:12:33.960 --> 01:12:37.600
When John Hus was come thither,
kneeling down upon his knees and lifting

01:12:37.600 --> 01:12:41.780
his eyes up unto heaven, he prayed,
and said certain psalms, and especially

01:12:41.780 --> 01:12:44.220
the thirty-first and fifty-first psalms.

01:12:45.020 --> 01:12:49.380
And they who stood hard by heard him
oftentimes in his prayer, with a merry and

01:12:49.380 --> 01:12:54.500
cheerful countenance, repeat this verse,
Into thy hands, O Lord, I commend my

01:12:54.500 --> 01:12:54.920
spirit.

01:12:55.600 --> 01:12:59.520
Which thing, when the lay people beheld
who stood next unto him, they said,

01:13:00.120 --> 01:13:05.060
What he hath done before we know not,
but now we see and hear that he doth speak

01:13:05.060 --> 01:13:07.300
and pray very devoutly and godly.

01:13:08.700 --> 01:13:13.540
A certain priest, sitting on horseback in
a green gown drawn about with red silk,

01:13:13.640 --> 01:13:17.420
said, He ought not to be heard,
because he is a heretic.

01:13:18.380 --> 01:13:22.820
In the meantime, while John Hus prayed,
as he bowed his neck backwards to look

01:13:22.820 --> 01:13:26.760
upward unto heaven, the crown of paper
fell off from his head upon the ground.

01:13:27.860 --> 01:13:32.380
Then one of the soldiers, taking it up
again, said, Let us put it again upon his

01:13:32.380 --> 01:13:36.560
head, that he may be burned with his
masters the devils whom he hath served.

01:13:46.090 --> 01:13:48.730
Fox's Book of Martyrs by John Fox

01:13:52.920 --> 01:13:57.440
When by the commandment of the tormentors
he was risen up from the place of his

01:13:57.440 --> 01:14:01.880
prayer, with a loud voice he said,
Lord Jesus Christ, help me, that with a

01:14:01.880 --> 01:14:06.600
constant and patient mind I may suffer
this cruel and ignominious death,

01:14:06.900 --> 01:14:10.840
whereupon I am condemned for the preaching
of Thy most holy gospel and word.

01:14:11.900 --> 01:14:15.080
Then as before he declared the cause of
his death unto the people.

01:14:16.060 --> 01:14:20.060
In the mean season the hangman stripped
him of his garments, and turning his hands

01:14:20.060 --> 01:14:24.180
behind his back tied him fast unto the
stake with ropes that were made wet.

01:14:25.080 --> 01:14:30.060
And whereas by chance he was turned
towards the east, certain cried out that

01:14:30.060 --> 01:14:32.700
he should not look towards the east,
for he was a heretic.

01:14:33.300 --> 01:14:35.580
So he was turned towards the west.

01:14:36.240 --> 01:14:40.820
Then was his neck tied with a chain unto
the stake, which chain, when he beheld,

01:14:41.260 --> 01:14:46.020
smiling he said, that he would willingly
receive the same for Jesus Christ's sake.

01:14:46.740 --> 01:14:49.380
Who he knew was bound with a far worse
chain.

01:14:50.140 --> 01:14:54.800
Under his feet they set two faggots,
a mixing straw withal, and so from the

01:14:54.800 --> 01:14:58.000
feet up to the chain he was enclosed round
about with wood.

01:14:59.360 --> 01:15:04.120
But before the wood was set on fire,
Louis, Duke of Bavaria, and another

01:15:04.120 --> 01:15:08.080
gentleman with him, who was the son of
Clement, came and exhorted John Hus,

01:15:08.720 --> 01:15:12.340
that he would yet be mindful of his
salvation and renounce his errors.

01:15:12.820 --> 01:15:17.200
To whom he said, What error should I
renounce, when I know myself guilty of

01:15:17.200 --> 01:15:17.540
none?

01:15:18.620 --> 01:15:22.940
For this was the principal end and purpose
of my doctrine, that I might teach all men

01:15:22.940 --> 01:15:26.800
repentance and remission of sins,
according to the verity of the gospel of

01:15:26.800 --> 01:15:27.520
Jesus Christ.

01:15:28.500 --> 01:15:32.400
Wherefore, with a cheerful mind and
courage, I am here ready to suffer death.

01:15:33.380 --> 01:15:36.520
When he had spoken these words,
they left him, and shaking hands together,

01:15:36.640 --> 01:15:36.980
departed.

01:15:37.900 --> 01:15:41.280
Then the fire was kindled, and John Hus
began to sing with a loud voice,

01:15:41.740 --> 01:15:45.480
Jesus Christ, the Son of the living God,
have mercy upon me.

01:15:46.700 --> 01:15:51.560
And when he began to say the same the
third time, the wind drove the flame so

01:15:51.560 --> 01:15:53.140
upon his face that it choked him.

01:15:53.760 --> 01:15:57.580
Yet notwithstanding, he moved a while
after, by the space that a man might

01:15:57.580 --> 01:15:59.940
almost say three times the Lord's prayer.

01:16:01.040 --> 01:16:04.420
When all the wood was consumed,
the upper part of the body was left

01:16:04.420 --> 01:16:08.920
hanging in the chain, which they threw
down, stake and all, and making a new

01:16:08.920 --> 01:16:13.240
fire, burned it, the head being first cut
into small gobbets, that it might,

01:16:13.440 --> 01:16:16.120
the sooner, be consumed unto ashes.

01:16:16.680 --> 01:16:21.000
The heart, which was found amongst the
bowels, being well beaten with staves and

01:16:21.000 --> 01:16:25.380
clubs, was at last pricked upon a sharp
stick and roasted at a fire apart until it

01:16:25.380 --> 01:16:26.000
was consumed.

01:16:26.880 --> 01:16:30.880
Then with great diligence, gathering the
ashes together, they cast them into the

01:16:30.880 --> 01:16:34.720
river Rhine, that the least remnant of
that man should not be left upon the

01:16:34.720 --> 01:16:39.120
earth, whose memory notwithstanding cannot
be abolished out of the minds of the

01:16:39.120 --> 01:16:43.780
godly, neither by fire, neither by water,
neither by any kind of torment.

01:16:44.780 --> 01:16:50.060
This godly servant and martyr of Christ
was burned at Constance, the sixth day of

01:16:50.060 --> 01:16:51.820
the month of July, A.D.

01:16:52.560 --> 01:16:53.160
1415.