WEBVTT 00:01.350 --> 00:08.310 The History of Dr. Martin Luther With his Life and Doctrine Described Martin Luther, 00:08.770 --> 00:13.190 after he was grown in years, being born at Eiselben in Saxony, A.D. 00:13.490 --> 00:18.730 1483, was sent to the university, first of Magdeburg, then of Erfurt. 00:19.630 --> 00:25.430 In this university of Erfurt, there was a certain aged man in the convent of the 00:25.430 --> 00:31.250 Augustins, with whom Luther, being then of same order, a friar Augustin, had 00:31.250 --> 00:35.630 conference upon diverse things, especially touching remission of sins, 00:36.330 --> 00:41.870 which article the said aged father opened unto Luther, declaring that God's express 00:41.870 --> 00:46.010 commandment is that every man should particularly believe his sins to be 00:46.010 --> 00:52.010 forgiven him in Christ, and further said that this interpretation was confirmed by 00:52.010 --> 00:52.770 St. Bernard. 00:53.590 --> 00:57.970 This is the testimony that the Holy Ghost giveth thee in thy heart, saying, 00:58.690 --> 01:00.290 Thy sins are forgiven thee. 01:01.010 --> 01:06.010 For this is the opinion of the apostle, that man is freely justified by faith. 01:06.950 --> 01:11.310 By these words Luther was not only strengthened, but he was also instructed 01:11.310 --> 01:16.490 of the full meaning of St. Paul, who repeateth so many times this sentence, 01:16.990 --> 01:19.270 We are justified by faith. 01:20.250 --> 01:24.990 And having read the expositions of many upon this place, he then perceived, 01:25.470 --> 01:30.090 as well by the discourse of the old man, as by the comfort he received in his 01:30.090 --> 01:34.350 spirit, the vanity of those interpretations which he had read before 01:34.350 --> 01:35.710 of the schoolmen. 01:36.770 --> 01:42.070 And so, by little and little reading and comparing the sayings and examples of the 01:42.070 --> 01:47.450 prophets and apostles with continual invocation of God, the excitation of faith 01:47.450 --> 01:51.690 by force of prayer, he perceived that doctrine most evidently. 01:52.750 --> 01:58.650 Thus continued he his study at Erfurt the space of four years in the convent of the 01:58.650 --> 01:59.330 Augustans. 02:00.410 --> 02:05.390 About this time one, Storpiteus, a famous man, who had ministered his help 02:05.390 --> 02:09.930 to further the erection of a university in Wittenberg, being anxious to promote the 02:09.930 --> 02:14.530 study of divinity in this new university, when he had considered the spirit and 02:14.530 --> 02:19.410 towardness of Luther, called him from Erfurt to place him in Wittenberg, 02:19.530 --> 02:19.850 A.D. 02:20.130 --> 02:23.230 1508, and of his age the twenty-sixth. 02:24.370 --> 02:28.210 In the meanwhile, Luther intermitted no wit his study in theology. 02:29.730 --> 02:34.390 Three years after, he went to Rome, and returning the same year, he was graded 02:34.390 --> 02:39.150 doctor at the expense of the Elector Friedrich, Duke of Saxony. 02:39.730 --> 02:43.630 For he had heard him preach, well understood the quickness of his spirit, 02:44.310 --> 02:48.930 diligently considered the vehemency of his words, and had in singular admiration 02:48.930 --> 02:53.930 those profound matters which in his sermons he rightly and exactly explained. 02:54.850 --> 03:00.870 This degree Storpiteus, against his will, enforced upon him, saying merrily unto him 03:00.870 --> 03:04.370 that God had many things to bring to pass in his church by him. 03:05.110 --> 03:09.190 And though these words were spoken merrily, yet it came so to pass anon 03:09.190 --> 03:09.690 after. 03:10.870 --> 03:15.510 After this, Luther began to expound the epistle to the Romans and the Psalms, 03:15.710 --> 03:20.390 where he showed the difference betwixt the law and the gospel, and confounded the 03:20.390 --> 03:24.850 error that reigned then in the schools and sermons, namely, that men may merit 03:24.850 --> 03:29.730 remission of sins by their own works, and that they be just before God by 03:29.730 --> 03:32.710 outward discipline, as the Pharisees taught. 03:34.410 --> 03:38.870 Luther diligently reduced the minds of men to the Son of God, as John Baptist 03:38.870 --> 03:43.290 demonstrated the Lamb of God that took away the sins of the world, even so 03:43.290 --> 03:47.890 Luther, shining in the church, as the bright daylight after a long and 03:47.890 --> 03:52.630 dark night, expressly showed, that sins are freely remitted for the love of the 03:52.630 --> 03:56.310 Son of God, and that we ought faithfully to embrace this bountiful gift. 03:57.310 --> 04:02.170 His life was correspondent to his profession, and it plainly appeared that 04:02.170 --> 04:05.870 his words were no lip-labor but proceeded from the very heart. 04:06.810 --> 04:10.730 This admiration of his holy life much allured the hearts of his auditors. 04:11.950 --> 04:17.070 All this, while Luther altered nothing in the ceremonies, but precisely observed his 04:17.070 --> 04:18.370 rule among his fellows. 04:19.330 --> 04:23.130 He meddled in no doubtful opinions, but taught this only doctrine, 04:23.630 --> 04:27.950 as most principle of all other, to all men, opening and declaring the 04:27.950 --> 04:32.390 doctrine of repentance, of remission of sins, of faith, of true comfort to be 04:32.390 --> 04:33.830 sought in the cross of Christ. 04:34.590 --> 04:39.530 Every man received good taste of this sweet doctrine, and the learned conceived 04:39.530 --> 04:44.990 high pleasure to behold Jesus Christ, the prophets and apostles, to come forth 04:44.990 --> 04:46.430 into light out of darkness. 04:47.530 --> 04:52.770 It happened, moreover, about this time, that many were provoked by Erasmus' 04:52.930 --> 04:58.170 learned works to study the Greek and Latin tongues, who, having thus opened to them a 04:58.170 --> 05:02.790 more pleasant sort of learning than before, began to have in contempt the 05:02.790 --> 05:05.230 monks' barbarous and sophistical learning. 05:06.510 --> 05:11.530 Luther began to study the Greek and Hebrew tongues to this end, that having drawn the 05:11.530 --> 05:15.470 doctrine of the very fountains, he might form a more sound judgment. 05:16.890 --> 05:21.530 As Luther was thus occupied in Germany, which was A.D. 05:21.890 --> 05:28.530 1516, Leo X, who had succeeded after Julius II, was Pope of Rome, who, 05:28.690 --> 05:33.690 under pretense of war against the Turk, sent his pardons abroad through all 05:33.690 --> 05:38.390 Christian dominions, whereby he gathered together innumerable riches and treasure. 05:39.110 --> 05:43.890 The gatherers and collectors whereof persuaded the people that whosoever would 05:43.890 --> 05:48.830 give ten shillings should at his pleasure deliver one soul from the pains of 05:48.830 --> 05:54.830 purgatory, but if it were but one jot less than ten shillings, it would profit them 05:54.830 --> 05:55.190 nothing. 05:56.330 --> 06:00.730 This Pope's merchandise came also to Germany through the means of a certain 06:00.730 --> 06:06.330 Dominic friar named Tetzel, who most impudently caused the Pope's indulgences 06:06.330 --> 06:07.910 to be sold about the country. 06:08.690 --> 06:12.230 Whereupon Luther, much moved with the blasphemous sermons of this shameless 06:12.230 --> 06:17.010 friar, and having his heart earnestly bent with ardent desire to maintain true 06:17.010 --> 06:22.590 religion, published certain propositions concerning indulgences, and set them 06:22.590 --> 06:27.450 openly on the temple that joineth to the castle of Wittenberg the morrow after the 06:27.450 --> 06:29.250 feast of all saints, A.D. 06:29.670 --> 06:30.310 1517. 06:31.250 --> 06:35.810 This beggarly friar, hoping to obtain the Pope's blessing, assembled certain monks 06:35.810 --> 06:40.430 and sophistical divines of his convent, and forthwith commanded them to write 06:40.430 --> 06:41.850 something against Luther. 06:42.590 --> 06:47.670 And while he would not himself be dumb, he began to thunder against Luther, 06:47.850 --> 06:52.010 crying, Luther is a heretic and worthy to be persecuted with fire. 06:53.050 --> 06:58.090 He burned openly Luther's propositions and the sermon which he wrote of indulgences. 06:58.870 --> 07:03.970 This rage and furnished fury of this friar enforced Luther to treat more amply of the 07:03.970 --> 07:08.890 cause and to maintain the truth, and thus rose the beginnings of this 07:08.890 --> 07:09.390 controversy. 07:10.370 --> 07:14.770 The good Duke Frederick was one, of all the princes of our time, 07:14.850 --> 07:17.970 that loved best quietness and common tranquillity. 07:18.490 --> 07:23.150 So he neither encouraged nor supported Luther, but often discovered outwardly the 07:23.150 --> 07:26.550 heaviness and sorrow which he bare in his heart fearing greater dissensions. 07:27.370 --> 07:31.330 But being a wise prince, and following the counsel of God's rule, and well 07:31.330 --> 07:35.750 deliberating thereupon, he thought with himself that the glory of God was to be 07:35.750 --> 07:37.350 preferred above all things. 07:38.250 --> 07:42.570 Neither was he ignorant what blasphemy it was, horribly condemned of God, 07:43.050 --> 07:44.910 obstinately to repugn the truth. 07:46.390 --> 07:51.590 Wherefore he did as a godly prince should do, he obeyed God, committing himself to 07:51.590 --> 07:53.690 His holy grace and omnipotent protection. 07:54.330 --> 07:58.370 And although Maximilian the Emperor, Charles, King of Spain, and Pope Julius 07:58.370 --> 08:02.810 had given commandment to the said Duke Frederick, that he should inhibit Luther 08:02.810 --> 08:08.390 from all place and liberty of preaching, yet the Duke, considering with himself the 08:08.390 --> 08:12.110 preaching and writing of Luther, and weighing diligently the testimonies 08:12.110 --> 08:16.210 and places of the Scripture by him alleged, would not withstand the thing 08:16.210 --> 08:17.710 which he judged sincere. 08:18.590 --> 08:23.190 And yet neither did he this, trusting to his own judgment, but was very anxious to 08:23.190 --> 08:27.890 hear the judgment of others who were both aged and learned, in the number of whom 08:27.890 --> 08:32.610 was Erasmus, whom the Duke desired to declare to him his opinion touching the 08:32.610 --> 08:37.190 matter of Martin Luther, protesting that he would rather the ground should open and 08:37.190 --> 08:41.710 swallow him than he would bear with any opinions which he knew to be contrary to 08:41.710 --> 08:42.850 manifest truth. 08:44.150 --> 08:49.750 Erasmus began jestingly and merrily to answer the Duke's request, saying that in 08:49.750 --> 08:54.410 Luther were two great faults, first, that he would touch the bellies of monks, 08:54.890 --> 08:57.530 the second, that he would touch the Pope's crown. 08:58.470 --> 09:02.490 Then opening his mind plainly to the Duke, he said that Luther did well in detecting 09:02.490 --> 09:06.830 errors, that reformation was very necessary in the church, adding moreover 09:06.830 --> 09:08.930 that the effect of his doctrine was true. 09:10.570 --> 09:13.830 Furthermore, the same Erasmus, in the following year, wrote to the 09:13.830 --> 09:17.490 Archbishop of Mence, a certain epistle touching the cause of Luther. 09:18.530 --> 09:22.570 The world is burdened with men's institutions and with the tyranny of 09:22.570 --> 09:23.630 begging friars. 09:24.530 --> 09:28.210 Once it was counted a heresy when a man repugned against the Gospels. 09:28.910 --> 09:32.330 Now he that dissenteth from Thomas Aquinas is a heretic. 09:33.370 --> 09:37.550 Whatsoever doth not like them, whatsoever they understand not, 09:37.990 --> 09:39.130 that is heresy. 09:40.010 --> 09:46.310 To know Greek is heresy, or to speak more finely than they do, that is heresy. 09:47.190 --> 09:51.230 The godly and faithful Christians, closed in monasteries, understanding 09:51.230 --> 09:56.250 images ought to be eschewed, began to abandon that wretched thraldom in which 09:56.250 --> 09:57.010 they were detained. 09:58.530 --> 10:04.710 Luther held especially in contempt these horned bishops of Rome, who arrogantly and 10:04.710 --> 10:08.970 impudently affirmed that St. Peter had not the charge alone to teach the gospel, 10:09.210 --> 10:13.050 but also to govern common wills and exercise civil jurisdiction. 10:13.950 --> 10:19.610 He exhorted every man to render unto God that appertained unto God, and to Caesar 10:19.610 --> 10:24.270 that belonged unto Caesar, and said that all should serve God. 10:25.150 --> 10:29.850 After that, Tetzel, the aforesaid friar, with his fellow monks and friarly fellows, 10:30.010 --> 10:33.650 had cried out with open mouth against Luther in maintaining the pope's 10:33.650 --> 10:38.170 indulgences, and that Luther again, in defense of his cause, had set up 10:38.170 --> 10:43.010 propositions against the open abuses of the same, marvel it was to see how soon 10:43.010 --> 10:47.950 these propositions were sparkled abroad in sundry and far places, and how greedily 10:47.950 --> 10:51.350 they were caught up in the hands of divers both far and near. 10:52.430 --> 10:58.450 Not long after, steppeth up one Sylvester de Priro, a Dominic friar, who first began 10:58.450 --> 11:02.450 to publish abroad a certain impudent and railing dialogue against Luther, 11:03.270 --> 11:05.510 unto whom he answered, out of the Scriptures. 11:06.870 --> 11:12.410 Then was Martin Luther cited, the 7th of August, by one Hieron, bishop of Ascoli, 11:12.730 --> 11:13.790 to appear at Rome. 11:15.070 --> 11:20.290 About which time Thomas Cajetan, cardinal, the pope's legate, was then lega 11:20.290 --> 11:24.990 at the city of Augsburg, who before had been sent down in commission with certain 11:24.990 --> 11:27.310 mandates from Pope Leo unto that city. 11:28.230 --> 11:31.590 The University of Wittenberg, understanding of Luther's citation, 11:31.990 --> 11:35.450 effsoons directed letters to the pope in Luther's behalf. 11:36.270 --> 11:41.190 Also another letter they sent to Carolus Miletitius, the pope's chamberlain, 11:41.370 --> 11:42.330 being a German-born. 11:43.130 --> 11:47.410 Furthermore, good Frederick ceased not to solicit that the cause of Luther might be 11:47.410 --> 11:51.490 freed from Rome, and removed to Augsburg in the hearing of the cardinal. 11:52.350 --> 11:57.110 Cajetan, at the suit of the duke, wrote unto the pope, from whom he received 11:57.110 --> 12:02.850 this answer, that he had cited Luther to appear personally before him at Rome, 12:03.130 --> 12:08.330 by Hieron, bishop of Ascoli, auditor of the chamber, which bishop diligently had 12:08.330 --> 12:09.610 done what was commanded him. 12:10.450 --> 12:16.070 But Luther, abusing and condemning the gentleness offered, did not only refuse to 12:16.070 --> 12:20.830 come, but also became more bold and stubborn, continuing or rather increasing 12:20.830 --> 12:24.550 in his former heresy, as by his writings did appear. 12:25.290 --> 12:29.490 Wherefore, he would that the cardinal should cite and call up the said Luther to 12:29.490 --> 12:34.270 appear at the city of Augsburg before him, adjoining with all the aid of the princes 12:34.270 --> 12:38.910 of Germany, and of the emperor, if need required, so that when the said 12:38.910 --> 12:43.730 Luther should appear, he should lay hand upon him and commit him to safe custody, 12:44.210 --> 12:46.810 and after, he should be brought up to Rome. 12:48.010 --> 12:51.770 And if he perceived him to come to any knowledge or amendment of his fault, 12:52.390 --> 12:56.650 he should release him and restore him to the church again, or else he should be 12:56.650 --> 13:02.330 interdicted with all other his adherents, abettors, and maintainers, of whatsoever 13:02.330 --> 13:06.310 state or condition they were, whether they were dukes, marquesses, earls, 13:06.310 --> 13:07.350 or barons. 13:08.150 --> 13:13.090 Against all which persons and degrees he willed him to extend the same curse and 13:13.090 --> 13:16.610 malediction, only the person of the emperor accept it. 13:17.390 --> 13:21.790 Interdicting by the censure of the church all such lands, lordships, towns, 13:21.950 --> 13:26.030 tenements, and villages, as should minister any harbor to the said Luther, 13:26.590 --> 13:29.030 and were not obedient unto the sea of Rome. 13:30.210 --> 13:34.510 Contrarywise, to all such as showed themselves obedient, he should promise 13:34.510 --> 13:36.150 full remission of all their sins. 13:37.410 --> 13:41.410 Likewise, the pope directed other letters also at the same time to Duke Frederick, 13:41.750 --> 13:44.470 with many grievous words, complaining against Luther. 13:45.150 --> 13:49.890 The cardinal, thus being charged with injunctions from Rome, according to his 13:49.890 --> 13:54.690 commission, sendeth with all speed for Luther to appear at Augsburg before him. 13:55.610 --> 13:59.070 About the beginning of October, Martin Luther, yielding his obedience to 13:59.070 --> 14:03.870 the church of Rome, came to Augsburg at the cardinal's sending, at the charges of 14:03.870 --> 14:08.810 the noble Prince Elector, and also with his letters of commendation, where he 14:08.810 --> 14:13.630 remained three days before he came to his speech, for so it was provided by his 14:13.630 --> 14:18.350 friends that he should not enter talk with the cardinal before a sufficient warrant 14:18.350 --> 14:22.150 or safe conduct was obtained of the emperor Maximilian. 14:23.010 --> 14:27.590 This being obtained, effsoons he entered, offering himself to the speech of the 14:27.590 --> 14:31.750 cardinal, and was there received of the cardinal very gently, who, according to 14:31.750 --> 14:35.850 the pope's commandment, propounded unto Martin Luther three things, to wit, 14:36.350 --> 14:41.290 one, that he should repent and revoke his errors, two, that he should promise from 14:41.290 --> 14:46.130 that time forward to refrain from the same, three, that he should refrain from 14:46.130 --> 14:49.250 all things that might by any means trouble the church. 14:50.510 --> 14:55.490 When Martin Luther required to be informed wherein he had erred, the legate answered 14:55.490 --> 14:59.790 that he had held and taught that the merits of Christ are not the treasure of 14:59.790 --> 15:04.530 indulgences or pardons, and that faith is necessary to him that receiveth the 15:04.530 --> 15:04.890 sacrament. 15:06.150 --> 15:09.810 Furthermore, Luther protested that merits of Christ are not committed unto men, 15:10.270 --> 15:13.990 that the pope's voice is to be heard when he speaketh agreeable to the Scriptures, 15:14.630 --> 15:18.130 that the pope may err, and that he ought to be reprehended. 15:18.870 --> 15:22.610 Moreover, he showed that in the matter of faith, not only the general counsel, 15:22.770 --> 15:27.430 but also every faithful Christian is above the pope if he lean to better authority 15:27.430 --> 15:28.550 and reason. 15:29.430 --> 15:31.450 But the cardinal would hear no Scriptures. 15:32.190 --> 15:33.670 He disputed without Scriptures. 15:34.330 --> 15:39.670 He devised glosses and expositions of his own head, Luther being rejected from the 15:39.670 --> 15:44.330 speech and sight of the cardinal after six days' waiting, departed by the advice of 15:44.330 --> 15:49.170 his friends, and returned unto Wittenberg, leaving an appellation to the bishop of 15:49.170 --> 15:53.850 Rome from the cardinal, which he caused openly to be affixed before his departure. 15:54.590 --> 16:00.090 Cajetan writeth to Duke Frederick a sharp and a biting letter, in which he exhorteth 16:00.090 --> 16:04.930 the duke, that as he tendereth his own honour and safety, and regardeth the 16:04.930 --> 16:10.170 favour of the high bishop, he will send Luther up to Rome, or expel him out of his 16:10.170 --> 16:10.830 dominions. 16:12.150 --> 16:16.790 To this letter of the cardinal the duke answereth, purging both Luther and 16:16.790 --> 16:22.210 himself, Luther, in that he, following his conscience, grounded upon the word of God, 16:22.610 --> 16:26.170 would not revoke that for an error which could be proved no error. 16:27.170 --> 16:32.970 And himself he excuseth thus, that whereas it is required of him to banish him his 16:32.970 --> 16:38.090 country, or to send him up to Rome, it would be little honesty for him so to 16:38.090 --> 16:42.750 do, and less conscience, unless he knew just cause why he should so do. 16:43.690 --> 16:47.710 Which if the cardinal would or could declare unto him, there should lack 16:47.710 --> 16:50.830 nothing in him which were the part of a Christian prince to do. 16:52.110 --> 16:58.150 And therefore he desired him to be a mean unto the bishop of Rome, that innocency 16:58.150 --> 17:02.650 and truth be not oppressed before the crime or error be lawfully convicted. 17:03.890 --> 17:07.970 This done, the duke sendeth the letter of the cardinal unto Martin Luther, 17:08.450 --> 17:13.070 who answered to the prince, I am not so much grieved for mine own cause, 17:13.750 --> 17:17.650 as that you should sustain for my matter any danger or peril. 17:18.510 --> 17:22.590 And therefore seeing there is no place nor country which can keep me from the malice 17:22.590 --> 17:27.690 of mine adversaries, I am willing to depart hence, and to forsake my country, 17:28.890 --> 17:31.410 whithersoever it shall please the Lord to lead me. 17:32.410 --> 17:36.430 Here no doubt was the cause of Luther in great danger, being now brought to this 17:36.430 --> 17:41.550 strait, that both Luther was ready to fly the country, and the duke again was as 17:41.550 --> 17:46.330 much afraid to keep him, had not the marvellous providence of God, who had this 17:46.330 --> 17:50.410 matter in guiding, provided a remedy where the power of man did fail. 17:50.930 --> 17:55.390 By stirring up the whole university of Wittenberg, who seeing the cause of truth 17:55.390 --> 18:00.250 thus to decline, with a full and general consent addressed their letters unto the 18:00.250 --> 18:05.030 prince in defence of Luther and of his cause, making their humble suit unto him, 18:05.330 --> 18:10.050 that he of his princely honour would not suffer innocency, and the simplicity of 18:10.050 --> 18:14.170 truth so clear as is the Scripture, to be foiled and oppressed by mere 18:14.170 --> 18:17.010 violence of certain malignant flatterers about the pope. 18:18.070 --> 18:21.830 By the occasion of these letters, the duke began more seriously to consider 18:21.830 --> 18:26.670 the cause of Luther, to read his works and to hearken to his sermons, whereby through 18:26.670 --> 18:31.690 God's holy working he grew to knowledge and strength, perceiving in Luther's 18:31.690 --> 18:33.430 quarrel more than he did before. 18:34.170 --> 18:36.330 This was about the beginning of December, A.D. 18:36.670 --> 18:37.270 1518. 18:38.750 --> 18:43.050 Pope Leo, in the meantime, had sent forth new indulgences with a new edict, 18:43.430 --> 18:46.930 wherein he declared this to be the Catholic doctrine of the Holy Mother 18:46.930 --> 18:51.450 Church of Rome, Prince of all other churches, that bishops of Rome, 18:51.810 --> 18:56.310 who are successors of Peter and vicars of Christ, have this power and authority 18:56.310 --> 19:02.030 given to release and dispense, also to grant indulgences available both 19:02.030 --> 19:07.890 for the living and for the dead lying in the pains of purgatory, and this doctrine 19:07.890 --> 19:12.350 to be charged to be received of all faithful Christian men under pain of the 19:12.350 --> 19:15.810 great curse and utter separation from all holy church. 19:16.570 --> 19:22.110 This popish decree and indulgence as a new merchandise or ale stake to get money, 19:22.550 --> 19:26.170 being set up in all quarters of Christendom for the Holy Father's 19:26.170 --> 19:30.130 advantage, came also to be received in Germany about the month of December. 19:30.970 --> 19:34.390 Luther, hearing how they went about in Rome to pronounce against him, 19:34.490 --> 19:39.710 provided a certain appellation conceived in due form of law, wherein he appealeth 19:39.710 --> 19:41.430 from the pope to the general council. 19:42.850 --> 19:46.610 When Pope Leo perceived that neither his pardons would prosper to his mind, 19:47.310 --> 19:52.190 nor that Luther could be brought to Rome to essay how to come to his purpose by 19:52.190 --> 19:56.930 crafty allurements, he sent his chamberlain, Carolus Miltitius, 19:57.170 --> 20:02.630 who was a German, into Saxony to Duke Frederick with a golden rose after the 20:02.630 --> 20:08.130 usual ceremony accustomed every year to be presented to him, with secret letters also 20:08.130 --> 20:13.530 to certain noblemen of the duke's council, to solicit the pope's cause, and to remove 20:13.530 --> 20:15.950 the duke's mind, if it might be, from Luther. 20:16.910 --> 20:21.290 But before Miltitius approached into Germany, Maximilian the Emperor, 20:21.830 --> 20:24.090 deceased in the month of January A.D. 20:24.610 --> 20:25.130 1519. 20:26.330 --> 20:31.030 At that time, two there were who stood for the election, to wit, Francis the French 20:31.030 --> 20:36.030 king, and Charles, king of Spain, who was also duke of Austria and duke of 20:36.030 --> 20:36.410 Burgundy. 20:37.470 --> 20:41.190 Through the means of Frederick Prince Elector, who having the offer of 20:41.190 --> 20:47.450 preferment, refused the same, the election fell to Charles, called Charles V., 20:47.450 --> 20:51.250 surnamed Prudence, which was about the end of August. 20:52.150 --> 20:56.930 In the month of June before, there was a public disputation ordained at Leipzig, 20:57.190 --> 21:02.250 which is a city under the dominion of George, duke of Saxony, uncle to Duke 21:02.250 --> 21:02.690 Frederick. 21:03.950 --> 21:08.210 This disputation began through the occasion of John Aecius, a friar, 21:08.670 --> 21:11.850 and Andreas Karolstadt, doctor of Wittenberg. 21:12.530 --> 21:15.950 This Aecius had impugned certain propositions of Martin Luther, 21:16.050 --> 21:19.370 which he had written the year before touching the Pope's pardons. 21:20.270 --> 21:23.870 Against him, Karolstadt wrote in defense of Luther. 21:24.570 --> 21:29.710 Aecius again, to answer Karolstadt, set forth an apology, which apology 21:29.710 --> 21:31.970 Karolstadt confuted by writing. 21:32.790 --> 21:38.190 Upon this began the disputation, with safe conduct granted by Duke George 21:38.190 --> 21:41.810 to all and singular persons that would resort to the same. 21:42.710 --> 21:47.430 To this disputation came Martin Luther, not thinking to dispute in any manner, 21:47.590 --> 21:49.990 but only to hear what there was said and done. 21:51.150 --> 21:55.650 But, having free liberty granted by the duke, Luther was provoked and forced 21:55.650 --> 21:57.870 against his will to dispute with Aecius. 21:58.770 --> 22:02.630 The matter of their controversy was about the authority of the Bishop of Rome. 22:03.550 --> 22:09.170 Luther, before, had set forth in writing this doctrine, that they that do attribute 22:09.170 --> 22:14.090 the preeminency to the Church of Rome have no foundation but out of the Pope's 22:14.090 --> 22:18.790 decrees, which decrees he affirmed to be contrary to the Holy Scriptures. 22:19.790 --> 22:24.690 Against this assertion, Aecius set up a contrary conclusion, saying that they that 22:24.690 --> 22:29.890 succeeded in the see and faith of Peter were always received for the successes of 22:29.890 --> 22:32.110 Peter and vicars of Christ on earth. 22:32.870 --> 22:36.750 He contended that the supremacy of the Bishop of Rome was founded and grounded 22:36.750 --> 22:37.930 upon God's law. 22:39.030 --> 22:43.570 Upon this question, the disputation did continue the space of five days, 22:44.250 --> 22:49.370 during all which season Aecius very unhonestly and uncourteously demeaned 22:49.370 --> 22:54.810 himself, studying by all means how to bring his adversary into the hatred of the 22:54.810 --> 22:57.290 auditors and into the danger of the Pope. 22:57.870 --> 23:00.170 The reasons of Aecius were these. 23:00.810 --> 23:04.670 Forasmuch as the Church, being a civil body, cannot be without a head, 23:05.190 --> 23:09.950 therefore as it standeth with God's law that other civil regiments should not be 23:09.950 --> 23:15.570 destitute of their head, so is it by God's law requisite that the Pope should be the 23:15.570 --> 23:17.530 head of the universal Church of Christ. 23:18.430 --> 23:23.610 To this Martin Luther answered that he confesseth and granteth the Church not to 23:23.610 --> 23:28.030 be headless so long as Christ is alive, who is the only head of the Church. 23:28.650 --> 23:33.290 Neither doth the Church require any other head beside Him, forasmuch as it is a 23:33.290 --> 23:35.330 spiritual kingdom, not earthly. 23:36.430 --> 23:38.750 Then came Aecius to the place of St. Matthew. 23:39.470 --> 23:42.810 Thou art Peter, and upon this rock will I build my church. 23:43.550 --> 23:48.030 To this was answered that this was a confession of faith, and that Peter there 23:48.030 --> 23:51.330 representeth the person of the whole universal Church. 23:52.170 --> 23:56.010 Also that Christ in that place meaneth Himself to be the rock. 23:57.530 --> 24:02.510 Likewise they came to the place of St. John, feed my sheep. 24:03.390 --> 24:08.090 Which words Aecius alleged to be spoken properly and peculiarly to Peter alone? 24:09.230 --> 24:14.690 Martin answered that after these words spoken, equal authority was given to all 24:14.690 --> 24:19.550 the apostles, where Christ saith unto them, Receive ye the Holy Ghost, 24:19.870 --> 24:22.990 whose sins soever ye remit, they are remitted. 24:24.050 --> 24:29.410 After this, Aecius came to the authority of the Council of Constance, alleging this 24:29.410 --> 24:35.370 amongst other articles, that it standeth upon necessity of our salvation to believe 24:35.370 --> 24:39.510 the Bishop of Rome to be Supreme Head of the Church, alleging, moreover, 24:39.810 --> 24:44.050 that in the same Council it was debated and discussed that the General Council 24:44.050 --> 24:45.110 could not err. 24:46.250 --> 24:50.730 Whereunto Martin Luther again did answer discreetly, saying, that of what authority 24:50.730 --> 24:55.330 that Council of Constance is to be esteemed, he left to other men's 24:55.330 --> 24:55.630 judgments. 24:56.390 --> 25:01.750 This is most certain, said he, that no council hath authority to make new 25:01.750 --> 25:02.770 articles of faith. 25:03.730 --> 25:08.530 The next year, which was 1520, the friars and doctors of Louvain and also 25:08.530 --> 25:13.550 of Cologne condemned the books of Luther as heretical, against whom Luther again 25:13.550 --> 25:18.390 effectually defended himself and charged them with obstinate violence and malicious 25:18.390 --> 25:19.010 impiety. 25:20.030 --> 25:25.070 After this, within few days, flashed out from Rome the thunderbolt of Pope Leo 25:25.070 --> 25:26.810 against the said Luther. 25:28.610 --> 25:33.030 Another book also Luther wrote, addressed to the nobility of Germany, 25:33.590 --> 25:37.810 in which he impuneth and shaketh the three principal walls of the Papists. 25:38.850 --> 25:39.370 1. 25:39.890 --> 25:45.890 No temporal or profane magistrate hath any power upon the spirituality, but these 25:45.890 --> 25:47.230 have power over the other. 25:48.490 --> 25:48.770 2. 25:49.590 --> 25:54.510 Where any place of Scripture being in controversy is to be decided, no man may 25:54.510 --> 25:58.890 expound the Scripture, or be judged thereof, but only the Pope. 26:00.130 --> 26:00.690 3. 26:01.190 --> 26:06.070 When any counsel is brought against them, they say that no man hath authority to 26:06.070 --> 26:07.910 call a counsel, but only the Pope. 26:08.750 --> 26:13.550 Moreover, in the aforesaid book, Diver's Other Matters, he handleth and 26:13.550 --> 26:19.390 discourseth, that the pride of the Pope is not to be suffered, what money goeth out 26:19.390 --> 26:23.690 of Germany yearly to the Pope, amounting to the sum of three millions of 26:23.690 --> 26:29.230 florins, that the Emperor is not under the Pope, that priests may have wives, 26:29.770 --> 26:34.830 that liberty ought not to be restrained in meats, that willful poverty and begging 26:34.830 --> 26:40.990 ought to be abolished, what misfortunes Sigismund the Emperor sustained for not 26:40.990 --> 26:46.150 keeping faith and promise with John, Hass, and Jerome, that heretics should be 26:46.150 --> 26:50.750 convinced not by fire and faggot, but by evidence of Scripture and God's 26:50.750 --> 26:55.210 Word, and that the first teaching of children ought to begin with the gospel. 26:56.290 --> 27:00.870 In this year, moreover, followed, not long after, the coronation of the new 27:00.870 --> 27:04.650 Emperor Charles V, which was in the month of October at A. 27:04.770 --> 27:10.190 La Chapelle, after which coronation Pope Leo sent again to Duke Frederick two 27:10.190 --> 27:16.450 cardinals, his legates, of whom one was Hiram Aleander, who after a few words of 27:16.450 --> 27:21.430 high commendation first premised to the Duke, touching his noble progeny, 27:21.970 --> 27:26.510 and other his famous virtues, made two requests unto him in the Pope's name, 27:27.110 --> 27:31.610 first, that he would cause all books of Luther to be burned, secondly, 27:31.850 --> 27:36.030 that he would either see the said Luther there to be executed, or else would make 27:36.030 --> 27:39.710 him sure and send him up to Rome, unto the Pope's presence. 27:40.790 --> 27:45.610 These two requests seemed very strange unto the Duke, who, answering the 27:45.610 --> 27:50.910 cardinal, said that he, being long absent from thence about other public affairs, 27:51.590 --> 27:55.690 could not tell what there was done, neither did he communicate with the doings 27:55.690 --> 27:56.070 of Luther. 27:57.050 --> 28:02.210 As for himself, he was always ready to do his duty, first in sending Luther to 28:02.210 --> 28:06.810 Cajetan, the cardinal at the city of Augsburg, and afterwards at the Pope's 28:06.810 --> 28:11.370 commandment, would have sent him away out of his dominion, had not Miltitius, 28:11.510 --> 28:16.050 the Pope's own chamberlain, given contrary counsel to retain him still in his own 28:16.050 --> 28:20.510 country, fearing lest he might do more harm in other countries where he was less 28:20.510 --> 28:20.830 known. 28:22.110 --> 28:27.330 Forasmuch as the cause of Luther was not yet heard before the Emperor, he desired 28:27.330 --> 28:32.330 the said legates to be amean to the Pope's holiness, that certain learned persons of 28:32.330 --> 28:36.890 gravity and upright judgment might be assigned to have the determination of this 28:36.890 --> 28:42.810 matter, and that his error might first be known before he were made a heretic or his 28:42.810 --> 28:47.490 books burned, which being done, when he should see his error by manifest 28:47.490 --> 28:52.390 and sound testimonies of Scripture, Luther should find no favor at his hands. 28:53.370 --> 28:56.330 Then the cardinals took the books of Luther and openly burned them. 28:57.290 --> 29:01.170 Luther hearing this, in like manner, called all the multitude of students and 29:01.170 --> 29:05.510 learned men in Wittenberg, and there, taking the Pope's decrees, and the bull 29:05.510 --> 29:10.470 lately sent down against him, openly and solemnly, accompanied with a great number 29:10.470 --> 29:15.270 of people following him, set them likewise on fire, which was the 10th of December, 29:15.730 --> 29:16.030 A.D. 29:16.270 --> 29:16.870 1520. 29:18.170 --> 29:22.210 A little before these things thus passed, between the Pope and Martin Luther, 29:22.870 --> 29:27.130 the Emperor had commanded an assembly of the states of all the empire to be holden 29:27.130 --> 29:33.510 at the city of Worms, the sixth day of January next ensuing, in which assembly, 29:33.510 --> 29:37.910 through the means of Duke Frederick, the Emperor gave forth that he would have 29:37.910 --> 29:39.790 the cause of Luther brought before him. 29:40.750 --> 29:44.870 Upon the sixth of March, the Emperor, through the instigation of Duke Frederick, 29:45.070 --> 29:49.770 directed his letters unto Luther, signifying that forasmuch as he had set 29:49.770 --> 29:54.370 abroad certain books, he, therefore, by the advice of his peers and princes 29:54.370 --> 29:58.570 about him, had ordained to have the cause brought before him in his own hearing, 29:59.130 --> 30:02.590 and therefore he granted him license to come and return home again. 30:03.490 --> 30:08.230 And that he might safely and quietly so do, he promised unto him, by public faith 30:08.230 --> 30:13.050 and credit, in the name of the whole empire, his passport and safe conduct. 30:13.590 --> 30:18.290 Wherefore he willed him effsoons to make his repair unto him, and to be there 30:18.290 --> 30:21.730 present on the twenty-first day after the receipt thereof. 30:22.870 --> 30:28.350 Martin Luther, after he had been first accursed at Rome upon Maundy Thursday by 30:28.350 --> 30:33.250 the Pope's censure, shortly after Easter speedeth his journey toward Worms, 30:33.330 --> 30:37.850 where the said Luther, appearing before the Emperor and all the states of Germany, 30:38.450 --> 30:42.230 constantly stuck to the truth, defended himself, and answered his 30:42.230 --> 30:42.910 adversaries. 30:43.910 --> 30:48.130 Luther was lodged, well entertained, and visited by many earls, barons, 30:48.390 --> 30:52.450 knights of the order, gentlemen, priests, and the commonality, who 30:52.450 --> 30:54.410 frequented his lodging until night. 30:56.130 --> 31:01.110 He came, contrary to the expectation of many, as well adversaries as others. 31:02.310 --> 31:06.170 His friends deliberated together, and many persuaded him not to adventure 31:06.170 --> 31:10.250 himself to such a present danger, considering how these beginnings answered 31:10.250 --> 31:14.570 not the faith of promise made, who, when he had heard their whole 31:14.570 --> 31:21.010 persuasion and advice, answered in this wise, As touching me, since I am sent for, 31:21.390 --> 31:26.610 I am resolved and certainly determined to enter Worms, in the name of our Lord Jesus 31:26.610 --> 31:27.230 Christ. 31:27.670 --> 31:33.270 Yea, although I knew there were as many devils to resist me, as there are tiles to 31:33.270 --> 31:35.130 cover the houses in Worms. 31:36.010 --> 31:40.710 The next day, after his repair, a gentleman named Ulrich of Pappenheim, 31:41.190 --> 31:45.030 Lieutenant-General of the Men-at-Arms of the Empire, was commanded by the Emperor 31:45.030 --> 31:49.410 before dinner to repair to Luther, and to enjoin him at four o'clock in the 31:49.410 --> 31:53.650 afternoon to appear before the Imperial Majesty, the Prince's Electors, 31:54.130 --> 31:58.710 Dukes, and other Estates of the Empire, to understand the cause of his sending 31:58.710 --> 32:02.970 for, whereunto he willingly agreed, as his duty was. 32:03.810 --> 32:08.770 And after four o'clock, Ulrich of Pappenheim and Caspar Sturm, the Emperor's 32:08.770 --> 32:13.330 Herald, who conducted Martin Luther from Wittenberg to Worms, came for Luther, 32:13.950 --> 32:18.030 and accompanied him through the gardens of the Knights of the Road's Place to the 32:18.030 --> 32:19.590 Earl Palatine's Palace. 32:20.650 --> 32:25.810 Unless the people that thronged in should molest him, he was led by secret stairs to 32:25.810 --> 32:27.950 the place where he was appointed to have audience. 32:29.070 --> 32:33.770 Yet many, who perceived the pretense, violently rushed in and were resisted, 32:33.910 --> 32:34.730 albeit in vain. 32:35.650 --> 32:39.250 Many ascended the galleries because they desired to behold Luther. 32:40.610 --> 32:44.850 Thus, standing before the Emperor, the Electors, Dukes, Earls, and all the 32:44.850 --> 32:50.290 Estates of the Empire assembled there, he was first advertised by Ulrich of 32:50.290 --> 32:54.750 Pappenheim to keep silence, until such time as he was required to speak. 32:55.790 --> 33:00.270 Then John Achias, above mentioned, who then was the Bishop of Treves, 33:00.430 --> 33:05.730 General Official, with a loud voice, said, Martin Luther, the sacred and 33:05.730 --> 33:09.610 invincible Imperial Majesty, hath enjoined, by the consent of all the 33:09.610 --> 33:14.090 Estates of the Holy Empire, that thou shouldest be appealed before the throne of 33:14.090 --> 33:18.370 his Majesty, to the end I might demand of thee these two points. 33:19.210 --> 33:23.630 First, whether thou confessest these books here, for he showed a heap of Luther's 33:23.630 --> 33:27.850 books written in the Latin and German tongues, and which are in all places 33:27.850 --> 33:33.270 dispersed, entitled with thy name, be thine, and thou dost affirm them to be 33:33.270 --> 33:33.990 thine or not. 33:34.670 --> 33:38.910 Secondly, whether thou wilt recant and revoke them, and all that is contained in 33:38.910 --> 33:42.450 them, or rather meanest to stand to what thou hast written. 33:43.170 --> 33:48.450 Luther answered, I humbly beseech the Imperial Majesty to grant me liberty and 33:48.450 --> 33:52.850 leisure to deliberate, so that I might satisfy the interrogation made unto me, 33:53.310 --> 33:57.510 without prejudice of the word of God, and peril of mine own soul. 33:58.590 --> 34:00.670 Whereupon the princes began to deliberate. 34:01.230 --> 34:05.470 This done, Achias, the prolocutor, pronounced what was their resolution, 34:05.690 --> 34:11.710 saying, The Emperor's Majesty of his mere clemency granteth thee one day to meditate 34:11.710 --> 34:17.010 for thine answer, so that tomorrow, at this instant hour, thou shalt repair to 34:17.010 --> 34:21.650 exhibit thine opinion, not in writing, but to pronounce the same with lively 34:21.650 --> 34:22.110 voice. 34:23.030 --> 34:26.150 This done, Luther was led to his lodging by the herald. 34:27.450 --> 34:31.510 The next day the herald brought him from his lodging to the Emperor's court, 34:31.510 --> 34:36.170 where he abode till six o'clock, for that the princes were occupied in 34:36.170 --> 34:41.270 grave consultations, abiding there and being environed with a great number of 34:41.270 --> 34:44.650 people, and almost smothered for the press that was there. 34:45.650 --> 34:50.530 Then after, when the princes were set, and Luther entered, Achias the official 34:50.530 --> 34:57.030 spake in this manner, Answer now to the Emperor's demand, Wilt thou maintain all 34:57.030 --> 35:01.850 thy books which thou hast acknowledged, or evoke any part of them, and submit 35:01.850 --> 35:02.430 thyself? 35:03.490 --> 35:07.690 Martin Luther answered, modestly and lowly, and yet not without some stoutness 35:07.690 --> 35:09.630 of stomach and Christian constancy. 35:10.610 --> 35:14.730 Considering your sovereign majesty and your honors require a plain answer, 35:15.270 --> 35:20.250 this I say and profess as resolutely as I may, without doubting or sophistication, 35:21.090 --> 35:26.850 that if I be not convinced by testimonies of the Scripture, for I believe not the 35:26.850 --> 35:30.950 Pope, neither his general counsels, which have erred many times, and have been 35:30.950 --> 35:37.210 contrary to themselves, my conscience is so bound and captive in these Scriptures 35:37.210 --> 35:42.090 and the Word of God, that I will not, nor may not, revoke any manner of thing, 35:43.010 --> 35:47.130 considering it is not godly or lawful to do anything against conscience. 35:47.950 --> 35:49.510 Hereupon I stand and rest. 35:49.990 --> 35:51.830 I have not what else to say. 35:52.390 --> 35:53.830 God have mercy upon me. 35:54.710 --> 35:59.410 The princes consulted together upon this answer given by Luther, and when they had 35:59.410 --> 36:04.530 diligently examined the same, the prolocutor began to repel him thus. 36:05.470 --> 36:09.550 The Emperor's majesty requireth of thee a simple answer, either negative or 36:09.550 --> 36:14.430 affirmative, whether thou mindest to defend all thy works as Christian or no. 36:15.950 --> 36:20.750 Then Luther, turning to the Emperor and the nobles, besought them not to force or 36:20.750 --> 36:24.370 compel him to yield against his conscience, confirm with the holy 36:24.370 --> 36:28.790 Scriptures, without manifest arguments alleged to the contrary by his 36:28.790 --> 36:29.550 adversaries. 36:30.490 --> 36:32.130 I am tied by the Scriptures. 36:33.590 --> 36:39.190 Night now approaching, the lords arose and departed, and after Luther had taken his 36:39.190 --> 36:44.310 leave of the Emperor, divers Spaniards scorned and scoffed the good man in the 36:44.310 --> 36:49.230 way going toward his lodging, hallooing and whooping after him a long while. 36:50.130 --> 36:53.650 Upon the Friday following, when the princes, electors, dukes, and other 36:53.650 --> 36:57.270 estates were assembled, the Emperor sent to the holy body of the council a certain 36:57.270 --> 36:58.470 letter as followeth. 36:59.090 --> 37:05.070 Our predecessors, who truly were Christian princes, were obedient to the Romish 37:05.070 --> 37:08.050 church, which Martin Luther impuneth. 37:08.670 --> 37:12.750 And therefore, inasmuch as he is not determined to call back his errors in any 37:12.750 --> 37:18.930 one point, we cannot, without great infamy and stain of honor, degenerate from the 37:18.930 --> 37:23.870 examples of our elders, but will maintain the ancient faith and give aid to the sea 37:23.870 --> 37:24.390 of Rome. 37:25.170 --> 37:29.950 And further, we be resolved to pursue Martin Luther and his adherents by 37:29.950 --> 37:35.810 excommunication, and by other means that may be devised to extinguish his doctrine. 37:36.870 --> 37:40.350 Nevertheless, we will not violate our faith which we have promised him, 37:40.630 --> 37:44.230 but mean to give order for his safe return to the place whence he came. 37:45.730 --> 37:49.950 During this time, divers princes, earls, barons, knights of the order, 37:50.290 --> 37:55.450 gentlemen, priests, monks, with others of the laity and common sort visited him. 37:56.470 --> 38:00.250 All these were present at all hours in the Emperor's court, and could not be 38:00.250 --> 38:01.810 satisfied with the sight of him. 38:02.870 --> 38:07.670 Also there were bills set up, some against Luther and some, as it seemed, 38:07.770 --> 38:08.150 with him. 38:09.830 --> 38:13.770 Notwithstanding, many supposed, and especially such as well conceived the 38:13.770 --> 38:20.210 matter, that this was subtly done by his enemies, that thereby occasion might be 38:20.210 --> 38:25.210 offered to infringe the safe conduct given him which the Roman ambassadors with all 38:25.210 --> 38:27.190 diligence endeavored to bring to pass. 38:28.110 --> 38:32.390 John Achaeus, the archbishop's official, in the presence of the Emperor's 38:32.390 --> 38:36.630 secretary, said unto Luther in his lodging, by the commandment of the 38:36.630 --> 38:41.710 Emperor, that since he had been admonished by the imperial majesty, the electors, 38:41.970 --> 38:46.050 princes, and estates of the empire, and that notwithstanding he would not 38:46.050 --> 38:50.890 return to unity in concord, it remained that the Emperor, as advocate of the 38:50.890 --> 38:53.050 Catholic faith, should proceed further. 38:53.920 --> 38:58.590 And it was the Emperor's ordinance that he should within twenty-one days return 38:58.590 --> 39:03.630 boldly under safe conduct, and be safely guarded to the place whence he came. 39:04.650 --> 39:08.730 So that in the meanwhile he stirred no commotion among the people in his journey, 39:09.330 --> 39:11.190 either in conference or by preaching. 39:12.190 --> 39:18.150 Luther, hearing this, answered very modestly and Christianly, Even as it hath 39:18.150 --> 39:22.710 pleased God, so is it come to pass, the name of the Lord be blessed. 39:23.590 --> 39:27.990 He thanked most humbly the Emperor's majesty and all the princes and estates of 39:27.990 --> 39:33.010 the empire that they had given to him benign and gracious audience, and granted 39:33.010 --> 39:35.030 him safe conduct to come and return. 39:36.070 --> 39:40.630 Finally, he desired none other of them than a reformation according to the sacred 39:40.630 --> 39:46.150 word of God, and consonancy of holy Scriptures, which effectually in his heart 39:46.150 --> 39:46.790 he desired. 39:47.450 --> 39:51.490 Otherwise he was preset to suffer all chances for the imperial majesty, 39:51.890 --> 39:57.630 as life and death, goods, fame, and reproach, reserving nothing to himself 39:57.630 --> 40:02.390 but only the word of God, which he would constantly confess to the latter end. 40:03.450 --> 40:07.890 The morrow after, which was April the twenty-sixth, after he had taken his leave 40:07.890 --> 40:12.190 of such as supported him, and of the benevolent friends that oftentimes visited 40:12.190 --> 40:16.730 him, and had broken his fast, at ten o 'clock he departed from Worms, 40:17.170 --> 40:19.690 accompanied with such as required thither with him. 40:20.810 --> 40:25.210 It was not long after this, but the Emperor, to purchase favor with the Pope, 40:25.710 --> 40:30.670 because he was not yet confirmed in his empire, directeth out a solemn writ of 40:30.670 --> 40:35.590 outlawry against Luther and all of them that took his part, commanding the said 40:35.590 --> 40:40.230 Luther, wheresoever he might be gotten, to be apprehended and his books burned. 40:41.450 --> 40:45.210 In the meantime, Duke Frederick conveyed Luther a little out of sight secretly, 40:45.710 --> 40:49.090 by the help of certain noblemen, whom he well knew to be faithful and 40:49.090 --> 40:51.590 trusty unto him, in that behalf. 40:52.350 --> 40:57.110 There, Luther being close and out of company, wrote divers epistles and certain 40:57.110 --> 41:04.270 books, among which he dedicated one to his company of Augustine friars, entitled De 41:04.270 --> 41:09.610 abrogoda missa, which friars, the same time being encouraged by him, began to lay 41:09.610 --> 41:11.010 down their private masses. 41:11.970 --> 41:16.330 Duke Frederick, fearing lest that would breed some great stir or tumult, 41:16.550 --> 41:20.790 caused the judgment of the University of Wittenberg to be asked in the matter. 41:22.150 --> 41:26.230 It was showed to the Duke that he should do well to command the use of the masses 41:26.230 --> 41:30.770 to be abrogated through his dominion, and though it could not be done without 41:30.770 --> 41:36.210 tumult, yet that was no let why the course of true doctrine should be stayed, 41:36.730 --> 41:40.050 neither ought such disturbance to be imputed to the doctrine taught, 41:40.490 --> 41:44.550 but to the adversaries, who willingly and wickedly kick against the truth, 41:44.990 --> 41:48.090 whereof Christ also giveth us forewarning before. 41:49.570 --> 41:54.450 For fear of such tumults, therefore, we ought not to surcease from that which 41:54.450 --> 41:59.150 we know is to be done, but constantly must go forward in defense of God's truth, 41:59.710 --> 42:03.650 howsoever the world doth esteem us, or rage against it. 42:04.470 --> 42:09.650 It happened about the same time that King Henry VIII wrote against Luther, 42:10.370 --> 42:15.110 in which book, first, he reproveth Luther's opinion about the pope's pardons, 42:15.550 --> 42:20.690 secondly, he defendeth the supremacy of the Bishop of Rome, thirdly, he laboureth 42:20.690 --> 42:24.170 to refel all his doctrine of the sacraments of the church. 42:25.350 --> 42:30.610 This book, albeit carried the king's name in the title, yet it was another that 42:30.610 --> 42:33.510 ministered the motion, another that framed the style. 42:34.210 --> 42:38.150 But whosoever had the labour of this book, the king had the thanks and the reward, 42:38.570 --> 42:42.870 for the Bishop of Rome gave to the said King Henry, and to his successors forever, 42:43.490 --> 42:47.150 the style and title of Defender of the Faith. 42:48.630 --> 42:52.510 Shortly after this, Pope Leo was stricken with sudden fever and died shortly, 42:52.510 --> 42:57.830 being of the age of forty-seven years, albeit some suspect that he died of 42:57.830 --> 42:58.210 poison. 42:59.470 --> 43:04.550 Successor to him was Pope Adrian VI, schoolmaster sometime to Charles the 43:04.550 --> 43:04.870 Emperor. 43:05.670 --> 43:10.370 This Adrian was a German-born, brought up at Louvain, and as in learning, 43:10.770 --> 43:15.450 he exceeded the common sort of popes, so in moderation of life and manners he 43:15.450 --> 43:20.730 seemed not altogether so intemperate as some other popes have been, and yet, 43:21.310 --> 43:26.110 like a right pope, nothing denigrating from his sea, he was a mortal enemy 43:26.110 --> 43:28.350 against Martin Luther and his partakers. 43:29.450 --> 43:34.570 In his time, shortly after the Council of Worms was broken up, another assembly of 43:34.570 --> 43:39.790 the princes, nobles, and states of Germany was appointed by the Emperor at Nuremberg, 43:39.910 --> 43:40.210 A.D. 43:40.610 --> 43:41.210 1522. 43:42.550 --> 43:46.990 Unto this assembly the said Adrian sent his letters with an instruction unto his 43:46.990 --> 43:51.650 legate Cherigatus to inform him what causes to allege against Luther. 43:53.050 --> 43:58.310 Pope Adrian VI to the renowned princes of Germany and to the peers of the Roman 43:58.310 --> 43:58.810 Empire. 44:08.000 --> 44:10.880 Fox's Book of Martyrs John Fox 44:14.670 --> 44:21.430 We hear that Martin Luther, a new razor up of old and damnable heresies, first after 44:21.430 --> 44:26.790 the fatherly advertisements of the sea apostolic, then after the sentence also of 44:26.790 --> 44:31.330 condemnation awarded against him, and lastly after the imperial decree of 44:31.330 --> 44:36.490 our well-beloved son Charles, elect Emperor of the Romans and Catholic King of 44:36.490 --> 44:42.090 Spain, being divulged through the whole nation of Germany, yet hath neither been 44:42.090 --> 44:47.430 by order restrained, nor of himself hath refrained from his madness begun, 44:47.850 --> 44:53.810 but daily more and more ceaseth not to disturb and replenish the world with new 44:53.810 --> 44:59.950 books fraught full of errors, heresies, contumalies, and sedition, and to infect 44:59.950 --> 45:05.150 the country of Germany and other regions about with this pestilence, and 45:05.150 --> 45:10.430 endeavoreth still to corrupt simple souls and manners of men with the poison of his 45:10.430 --> 45:16.650 pestiferous tongue, and, which is worst of all, hath for his forters and supporters 45:16.650 --> 45:22.110 not of the vulgar sort only, but also divers personages of the nobility, 45:22.730 --> 45:27.630 insomuch that they have begun also to invade the goods of priests contrary to 45:27.630 --> 45:31.310 the obedience which they owe to ecclesiastical and temporal persons, 45:31.770 --> 45:36.950 and now also at last have grown unto civil war and dissension among themselves. 45:38.370 --> 45:43.870 Do you not consider, O princes and people of Germany, that these be but prefaces and 45:43.870 --> 45:48.530 preambles to those evils and mischiefs which Luther, with the sect of his 45:48.530 --> 45:51.330 Lutherans, do intend and purpose hereafter? 45:52.190 --> 45:56.530 Do you not see plainly and perceive with your eyes that this defending of the 45:56.530 --> 46:01.430 verity of the gospel, first begun by the Lutherans to be pretended, is now manifest 46:01.430 --> 46:05.650 to be but an invention to spoil your goods which they have long intended? 46:06.330 --> 46:11.110 Or do you think that these sons of iniquity do tend to any other thing than 46:11.110 --> 46:15.510 under the name of liberty to supplant obedience, and so to open a general 46:15.510 --> 46:18.310 license to every man to do what him listeth? 46:19.150 --> 46:24.190 They who refuse to render due obedience to priests, to bishops, yea, to the high 46:24.190 --> 46:28.830 bishop of all, and who daily before your own faces make their booties of church 46:28.830 --> 46:34.130 goods and of things consecrated to God, think ye that they will refrain their 46:34.130 --> 46:37.170 sacrilegious hands from the spoil of laymen's goods? 46:38.010 --> 46:42.070 Yea, that they will not pluck from you whatsoever they can wrap or reave? 46:42.790 --> 46:48.230 Nay, think you not contrary, but this miserable calamity will at length redound 46:48.230 --> 46:52.730 upon you, your goods, your houses, wives, children, dominions, possessions, 46:53.210 --> 46:57.690 and these your temples which you hallow and reverence, except you provide some 46:57.690 --> 46:59.630 speedy remedy against the same? 47:00.770 --> 47:04.830 Wherefore we require you, in virtue of that obedience which all Christians owe to 47:04.830 --> 47:10.210 God and blessed St. Peter, and to his vicar here on earth, that you confer your 47:10.210 --> 47:15.230 helping hands every man to quench this public fire, and endeavour and study, 47:15.570 --> 47:20.670 the best way ye can, how to reduce the said Martin Luther and all other forters 47:20.670 --> 47:26.030 of these tumults and errors, to better conformity and trade both of life and 47:26.030 --> 47:26.370 faith. 47:27.370 --> 47:32.170 And if they who be infected shall refuse to hear your admonitions, yet provide that 47:32.170 --> 47:37.370 the other part which yet remaineth sound by the same contagion be not corrupted. 47:38.290 --> 47:43.310 When this pestiferous canker cannot with supple and gentle medicines be cured, 47:43.850 --> 47:47.890 more sharp salves must be proved and fiery searings. 47:48.790 --> 47:54.210 The putrefied members must be cut off from the body, lest the sound parts also be 47:54.210 --> 47:54.670 infected. 47:55.450 --> 48:00.550 So God did cast down into hell the schismatical brethren Dathan and Abiram, 48:01.250 --> 48:05.870 and him that would not obey the authority of the priests, God commanded to be 48:05.870 --> 48:06.830 punished with death. 48:07.670 --> 48:12.350 So Peter, prince of the apostles, denounced sudden death to Ananias and 48:12.350 --> 48:14.450 Sapphora, who lied unto God. 48:15.230 --> 48:21.250 So the old and godly emperors commanded Jovinian and Priscillian as heretics to be 48:21.250 --> 48:21.670 beheaded. 48:22.470 --> 48:27.090 So St. Jerome wished, vigilant, as a heretic, to be given to the 48:27.090 --> 48:31.550 destruction of the flesh, that the spirit might be saved in the day of the Lord. 48:32.330 --> 48:37.170 So also did our predecessors in the council of Constance condemn to death John 48:37.170 --> 48:41.770 Hus and his fellow Jerome, who now appeareth to revive again in Luther. 48:42.290 --> 48:46.450 The worthy acts and examples of which forbears, if you shall imitate, 48:46.930 --> 48:52.070 we do not doubt but God's merciful clemency shall Ephsuns relieve His church. 48:53.170 --> 48:57.130 These instructions of the pope himself against Luther, I thought, Christian 48:57.130 --> 48:59.150 reader, to set before thine eyes. 48:59.430 --> 49:01.490 They cry, Heresy, heresy! 49:01.730 --> 49:03.310 but they prove no heresy. 49:03.310 --> 49:08.490 They inflame kings and princes against Luther, and yet they have no just cause 49:08.490 --> 49:08.950 wherefore. 49:09.610 --> 49:14.290 They charge Luther with disobedience, and none are so disobedient to magistrates 49:14.290 --> 49:15.690 and civil laws as they. 49:16.230 --> 49:20.830 They lay to his charge oppression and spoiling of laymen's goods, and who 49:20.830 --> 49:23.990 spoileth the laymen's livings so much as the pope? 49:24.970 --> 49:29.390 Now let us see what the princes answer to these aforesaid suggestions and 49:29.390 --> 49:30.930 instructions of Pope Adrian. 49:32.290 --> 49:36.850 The answer of the noble and reverent princes, and of the states of the sacred 49:36.850 --> 49:39.390 Roman Empire exhibited to the pope's ambassador. 49:40.470 --> 49:44.610 They understand that his holiness is afflicted with great sorrow for the 49:44.610 --> 49:49.450 prospering of Luther's sect, whereby innumerable souls committed to his charge 49:49.450 --> 49:50.950 are in danger of perdition. 49:51.610 --> 49:56.410 The Lord Lieutenant and other princes and states do answer that it is to them no 49:56.410 --> 49:58.750 less grief and sorrow than to his holiness. 49:59.690 --> 50:04.310 But why the sentence of the apostolic sea and the emperor's edict against Luther 50:04.310 --> 50:09.830 hath not been put in execution hitherto, there hath been causes great and urgent. 50:10.730 --> 50:15.110 As first, that great evils and inconveniences would thereupon ensue. 50:16.150 --> 50:19.890 For the greatest part of the people of Germany have always had this persuasion, 50:20.230 --> 50:24.950 and now, by reading Luther's books, are more therein confirmed that great 50:24.950 --> 50:28.830 grievances and inconveniences have come to this nation of Germany by the court of 50:28.830 --> 50:29.130 Rome. 50:30.010 --> 50:34.270 And therefore, if they should have proceeded with any rigor in executing the 50:34.270 --> 50:39.270 pope's sentence and the emperor's edict, the multitude would conceive and suspect 50:39.270 --> 50:43.250 in their minds this to be done for subverting the verity of the gospel, 50:43.890 --> 50:48.290 and for supporting and confirming the former abuses and grievances whereupon 50:48.290 --> 50:51.150 great wars and tumults no doubt would have ensued. 50:52.270 --> 50:57.550 Unless such abuses and grievances shall be faithfully reformed, there is no true 50:57.550 --> 51:01.410 peace and concord between the ecclesiastical and secular estates, 51:01.910 --> 51:07.370 nor any true extirpation of this tumult and errors in Germany that can be hoped. 51:08.610 --> 51:13.570 Whereas the pope's holiness desireth to be informed what way were best to take in 51:13.570 --> 51:18.750 resisting these errors of the Lutherans, what more present or effectual remedy can 51:18.750 --> 51:23.710 be had than this, that the pope's holiness, by the consent of the emperor's 51:23.710 --> 51:28.290 majesty, do summon a free Christian council in some convenient place of 51:28.290 --> 51:34.170 Germany, as at Strasbourg, or at Menz, or at Cologne, or at Metz, and that with 51:34.170 --> 51:39.210 as much speed as conveniently may be, in which council it may be lawful for 51:39.210 --> 51:42.770 every person that there shall have interest, either temporal or 51:42.770 --> 51:47.870 ecclesiastical, freely to speak and consult to the glory of God and health of 51:47.870 --> 51:51.990 souls and the public wealth of Christendom, without impeachment or 51:51.990 --> 51:56.650 restraint, whatsoever oath or other bond to the contrary notwithstanding. 51:57.670 --> 52:02.150 Yea, and it shall be every good man's part there to speak, not only freely, 52:02.730 --> 52:08.690 but to speak that which is true to the purpose, and to edifying, and to not 52:08.690 --> 52:13.430 pleasing or flattering, but simply and uprightly to declare his judgment without 52:13.430 --> 52:15.030 all fraud or guile. 52:16.590 --> 52:21.170 And as touching by what ways these errors and tumults of the German people may best 52:21.170 --> 52:25.210 be stayed and pacified in the meantime, the aforesaid Lord Lieutenant, 52:25.450 --> 52:30.750 with the other princes, thereupon have consulted and deliberated, that forasmuch 52:30.750 --> 52:35.030 as Luther and certain of his fellows be within the territory and dominion of the 52:35.030 --> 52:39.530 noble Duke Frederick, the said Lord Lieutenant and other states of the empire 52:39.530 --> 52:43.710 shall so labour the matter with the aforenamed Prince, Duke of Saxony, 52:44.170 --> 52:48.350 that Luther and his followers shall not write, set forth, or print anything, 52:48.790 --> 52:51.030 during the said mean space. 52:52.450 --> 52:57.170 That the said Lord Lieutenant and princes shall labour so with the preachers of 52:57.170 --> 53:01.570 Germany, that they shall not in their sermons teach or blow into the people's 53:01.570 --> 53:07.010 ears such matters, whereby the multitude may be moved to rebellion or uproar, 53:07.410 --> 53:08.810 or be induced into error. 53:09.470 --> 53:14.710 Also, that they shall move no contention or disputation among the vulgar sort. 53:15.290 --> 53:19.750 But whatsoever hangeth in controversy, the same they shall reserve to the 53:19.750 --> 53:21.590 determination of the council to come. 53:22.570 --> 53:27.270 The archbishops, bishops, and other prelates within their dioceses shall 53:27.270 --> 53:32.250 assign godly and learned men, having good judgment in the Scripture, who shall 53:32.250 --> 53:35.070 diligently and faithfully attend upon such preachers. 53:35.690 --> 53:39.810 And if they shall perceive the said preachers either to have erred or to have 53:39.810 --> 53:45.130 uttered any thing inconveniently, they shall godly, mildly, and modestly 53:45.130 --> 53:50.350 advertise and inform them thereof, in such thought that no man shall justly 53:50.350 --> 53:53.050 complain the truth of the gospel to be impeached. 53:53.910 --> 53:58.730 But if the preachers, continuing still in their stubbornness, shall refuse to be 53:58.730 --> 54:04.050 admonished, and will not desist from their lewdness, then shall they be restrained 54:04.050 --> 54:08.730 and punished by the ordinaries of the place, with punishment for the same 54:08.730 --> 54:09.230 convenient. 54:10.410 --> 54:15.210 Furthermore, the said princes and nobles shall provide and undertake, so much as 54:15.210 --> 54:19.930 shall be possible, that from henceforth no new book shall be printed, neither shall 54:19.930 --> 54:22.270 they privily or apately be sold. 54:23.130 --> 54:28.110 Also, order shall be taken amongst all potentates, that if any shall set out, 54:28.370 --> 54:33.250 sell, or print any new work, it shall first be seen and perused of certain 54:33.250 --> 54:39.010 godly, learned, and discreet men appointed for the same, so that if it be not 54:39.010 --> 54:42.730 admitted and approved by them, it shall not be permitted to be published. 54:43.570 --> 54:48.050 Finally, as concerning priests who contract matrimony, and religious men 54:48.050 --> 54:52.950 leaving their cloisters, the aforesaid princes do consider, that forasmuch as in 54:52.950 --> 54:57.710 the civil law there is no penalty for them ordained, they shall be referred to the 54:57.710 --> 55:01.950 canonical constitutions to be punished thereafter accordingly, that is, 55:02.030 --> 55:06.770 by the loss of their benefices and privileges, or other condign censures. 55:08.070 --> 55:12.870 Let us return to the story of Luther, of whom ye heard before, how he was kept 55:12.870 --> 55:17.190 secret and solitary for a time, by the advice and conveyance of certain 55:17.190 --> 55:20.090 nobles in Saxony, because of the emperor's edict. 55:20.630 --> 55:25.090 In the meantime, while Luther had thus absented himself out of Wittenberg, 55:25.630 --> 55:30.550 Andreas Karelstadt, proceeding more roughly and eagerly in causes of religion, 55:30.710 --> 55:33.330 had stirred up the people to throw down images in the temples. 55:34.670 --> 55:38.750 Luther reproved the rashness of Karelstadt, declaring that their 55:38.750 --> 55:43.570 proceedings herein were not orderly, but that pictures and images ought first 55:43.570 --> 55:48.070 to be thrown out of the hearts and consciences of men, and that the people 55:48.070 --> 55:53.670 ought first to be taught that we are saved before God, and please Him only by faith, 55:53.890 --> 55:55.690 and that images serve to no purpose. 55:56.370 --> 56:00.510 This done, and the people well instructed, there was no danger in images, 56:00.810 --> 56:02.750 but they would fall of their own accord. 56:03.670 --> 56:08.110 Not that he would maintain images to stand or to be suffered, but that this ought to 56:08.110 --> 56:13.050 be done by the magistrate, and not by force upon every private man's head, 56:13.510 --> 56:15.010 without order and authority. 56:15.830 --> 56:20.770 Albeit the church of Christ, praise be the Lord, is not unprovided of sufficient 56:20.770 --> 56:25.270 plenty of worthy and learned writers able to instruct in matters of doctrine. 56:26.090 --> 56:30.010 Yet in the chief points of our consolation, where the glory of Christ and 56:30.010 --> 56:34.110 the power of His passion and strength of faith are to be opened to our conscience, 56:34.570 --> 56:38.950 and where the soul, wrestling for death and life, standeth in need of serious 56:38.950 --> 56:43.470 consolation, the same may be said of Martin Luther, among all this other 56:43.470 --> 56:51.190 variety of writers, what St. Cyprian was wont to say of Tertullian, Da Magistrum, 56:51.690 --> 56:52.770 Give me my master. 56:53.690 --> 56:58.950 Those who write the lives of saints, use to describe and extol their holy life 56:58.950 --> 57:04.030 and godly virtues, and also to set forth such miracles as be wrought in them by 57:04.030 --> 57:07.570 God, whereof there lacketh no plenty in Martin Luther. 57:08.550 --> 57:13.550 What a miracle might this seem to be, for one man and a poor friar, creeping out 57:13.550 --> 57:18.270 of a blind cloister, to be set up against the Pope, the universal bishop, 57:18.550 --> 57:22.770 and God's mighty vicar on earth, to withstand all his cardinals, 57:23.150 --> 57:28.450 yea, and to sustain the malice and hatred of almost the whole world being set 57:28.450 --> 57:34.270 against him, and to work that against the said Pope, Cardinals, and Church of Rome, 57:34.690 --> 57:40.090 which no king nor emperor could ever do, yea, durst ever attempt, nor all the 57:40.090 --> 57:45.170 learned men before him could ever compass, which miraculous work of God, I account 57:45.170 --> 57:49.570 nothing inferior to the miracle of David overthrowing the great Goliath. 57:50.590 --> 57:55.350 Wherefore, if miracles do make a saint, after the Pope's definition, what lacketh 57:55.350 --> 57:59.790 in Martin Luther to make him a saint, who, standing openly against the Pope, 58:00.070 --> 58:04.710 Cardinals, and Prelates of the Church, in number so many, in power so terrible, 58:05.070 --> 58:09.870 in practice so crafty, having emperors and all the kings of the earth against him, 58:10.170 --> 58:14.010 who, teaching and preaching Christ the space of nine and twenty years, 58:14.110 --> 58:18.610 could, without touch of all his enemies, so quietly in his own country where he was 58:18.610 --> 58:20.810 born, die and sleep in peace. 58:21.690 --> 58:25.630 In which Martin Luther, first to stand against the Pope was a great miracle, 58:26.290 --> 58:31.430 to prevail against the Pope a greater, so to die untouched may seem greatest of 58:31.430 --> 58:34.970 all, especially having so many enemies as he had. 58:36.150 --> 58:40.770 As he was mighty in his prayers, so in his sermons God gave him such a 58:40.770 --> 58:44.630 grace, that when he preached, they who heard him thought every one his own 58:44.630 --> 58:47.490 temptation severally to be noted and touched. 58:48.170 --> 58:52.230 Whereof, when his friends demanded how that could be, mine own manifold 58:52.230 --> 58:56.330 temptation said he, and experiences are the cause thereof. 58:57.110 --> 59:01.770 For this thou must understand, good reader, that Luther from his tender 59:01.770 --> 59:05.810 years was much beaten and exercised with spiritual conflicts. 59:06.930 --> 59:11.890 Hieronymus Welleris, scholar and disciple of the said Martin Luther, recordeth that 59:11.890 --> 59:16.950 he oftentimes heard Luther his master thus report of himself, that he had been 59:16.950 --> 59:22.210 assaulted and vexed with all kinds of temptations, saving only one, which was 59:22.210 --> 59:23.370 with covetousness. 59:24.310 --> 59:28.770 With this vice he was never, said he, in all his life troubled, nor once 59:28.770 --> 59:29.190 tempted. 59:30.410 --> 59:34.930 Martin Luther, living to the year of his age sixty-three, continued writing and 59:34.930 --> 59:38.910 preaching about twenty-nine years, as touching the order of his death, 59:39.330 --> 59:43.510 the words of Melanchthon be these, given to his auditory at Wittenberg, 59:43.670 --> 59:43.970 A.D. 59:44.810 --> 59:45.370 1546. 59:46.470 --> 59:52.590 Wednesday last passed, and the seventeenth of February, Dr. Martin Luther sickened of 59:52.590 --> 59:57.730 his accustomed malady, to wit, of the oppression of humors in the orifice 59:57.730 --> 59:59.230 or opening of the stomach. 01:00:00.310 --> 01:00:05.530 This sickness took him after supper, with which he vehemently contending, 01:00:06.030 --> 01:00:10.610 required success into a bi-chamber, and there he rested on his bed two hours, 01:00:11.050 --> 01:00:13.050 all which time his pains increased. 01:00:14.070 --> 01:00:19.770 And as Dr. Jonas was lying in his chamber, Luther awaked, and prayed him to rise, 01:00:19.850 --> 01:00:23.850 and to call up Ambrose, his children's schoolmaster, to make a fire in another 01:00:23.850 --> 01:00:29.550 chamber, into which, when he was newly entered, Albert, Earl of Mansfield, 01:00:29.670 --> 01:00:33.470 with his wife and Diver's others at that instant, came into his chamber. 01:00:34.570 --> 01:00:38.410 Finally, feeling his fatal hour to approach, before nine o'clock in the 01:00:38.410 --> 01:00:42.910 morning, on the eighteenth of February, he commended himself to God with this 01:00:42.910 --> 01:00:49.170 devout prayer, My Heavenly Father, Eternal and Merciful God, Thou hast 01:00:49.170 --> 01:00:53.290 manifested unto me Thy dear Son, Our Lord Jesus Christ. 01:00:53.930 --> 01:00:59.350 I have taught Him, I have known Him, I love Him as my life, my health, 01:00:59.550 --> 01:01:04.210 and my redemption, whom the wicked have persecuted, maligned, and with injury 01:01:04.210 --> 01:01:06.930 afflicted, draw my soul to Thee. 01:01:07.870 --> 01:01:13.710 After this, he said, as ensueth thrice, I commend my spirit into Thy hands, 01:01:14.130 --> 01:01:16.390 Thou hast redeemed me, O God of truth. 01:01:17.130 --> 01:01:22.010 God so loved the world that He gave His only Son, and all those that believe in 01:01:22.010 --> 01:01:23.730 Him should have life everlasting. 01:01:24.770 --> 01:01:28.570 Having repeated oftentimes His prayers, he was called to God. 01:01:29.210 --> 01:01:35.590 So praying, his innocent ghost peaceably was separated from the earthly corpse.