WEBVTT 00:20.820 --> 00:23.500 Welcome to the program. 00:24.300 --> 00:29.980 We call this program the Historical Facts. 00:30.000 --> 00:34.440 From the Reformation to modern times. 00:35.220 --> 00:40.960 And it is really important that we understand history. 00:41.180 --> 00:47.380 Because if we do not understand history, we are doomed to repeat history as the 00:47.380 --> 00:48.540 saying goes. 00:49.280 --> 00:55.560 And in particular, to understand the history that is so well documented from 00:55.560 --> 01:00.220 the time of the Reformation right up to modern times. 01:00.360 --> 01:02.820 This is most important that we do this. 01:03.120 --> 01:10.060 I am very privileged to have with me today Pastor Bill O'Carroll, who is well known 01:10.060 --> 01:12.660 in Biblical studies and historical studies. 01:12.940 --> 01:21.620 And it is a joy to have him here again to speak now about the Reformation times 01:21.620 --> 01:23.100 right to modern times. 01:23.260 --> 01:24.580 So, welcome Bill. 01:24.580 --> 01:25.300 Thank you Richard. 01:25.440 --> 01:26.240 It is a pleasure to be here. 01:26.900 --> 01:33.960 So it is hard to overestimate the importance of knowing history. 01:35.920 --> 01:42.300 There is a fairly widespread ignorance of history, even things that are well known. 01:42.980 --> 01:47.680 There is a well known history, for example, of the Second World War. 01:48.280 --> 01:55.040 But the people involvement with the dictators during the Second World War is 01:55.040 --> 01:56.520 not well known. 01:57.320 --> 02:05.400 So it is important that we document and give the historical facts and that we do 02:05.400 --> 02:10.320 this right from the time of the Reformation up to modern times. 02:11.020 --> 02:16.820 I know that it will be a joy to share these things with you and an encouragement 02:17.500 --> 02:26.060 and a warning that if we do not understand the facts of history, we are destined to 02:26.060 --> 02:32.440 be overtaken and overtaken in particular by the Church of Rome, who tries to 02:32.440 --> 02:33.740 rewrite history. 02:34.560 --> 02:43.000 Now I want to begin by having Bill here explain for us what was the response of 02:43.000 --> 02:49.820 the Catholic Church to the remarkable success that the Reformers had at the time 02:49.820 --> 02:50.460 of the Reformation. 02:50.800 --> 02:57.800 How did the Catholic Church respond and just what happened after the Reformation? 02:59.820 --> 03:06.700 Well, Richard, as you well know, the response of Roman Catholicism to the 03:06.700 --> 03:15.740 biblical faith of the Reformers was vicious and it was called, in the history 03:15.740 --> 03:20.220 of books, it is called the Counter-Reformation, against, counter, 03:20.500 --> 03:22.060 against the Reformation. 03:22.820 --> 03:28.040 It was advanced principally through the political and educational influence of the 03:28.040 --> 03:30.860 Jesuit order of Romanism. 03:31.660 --> 03:39.440 This religious society was founded by Ignatius of Loyola in the year 1530 A.D. 03:39.480 --> 03:45.160 and recognized officially by the Pope at that time, Pope Paul III, ten years later, 03:45.240 --> 03:45.860 a decade later. 03:46.500 --> 03:54.280 The Jesuits, in a very uncompromising, very militant manner, led a movement to 03:54.280 --> 03:59.820 restore Roman Catholicism to the position it had had before the Reformation. 04:00.040 --> 04:05.800 They became known as the Pope's Shock Troops, the Pope's Army, to restore 04:05.800 --> 04:08.220 Catholicism to what it once was. 04:09.180 --> 04:16.200 Ignatius, the founder of this order, his most important endeavor, his purpose 04:16.200 --> 04:27.680 was to, again, lock down both the Holy Roman Empire, various countries that made 04:27.680 --> 04:32.700 up the Holy Roman Empire, into unquestioning obedience to the Roman 04:32.700 --> 04:33.500 Catholic Church. 04:33.860 --> 04:37.920 That was the purpose, to put them into unquestioning obedience, which means 04:37.920 --> 04:39.660 unquestioning obedience, of course, to the Pope. 04:40.320 --> 04:48.080 His primary tactic was to train his men, the Jesuits, to excellence in various 04:48.080 --> 04:59.620 skills and professions, and their intent was primarily to convert the children of 04:59.620 --> 05:02.980 Bible believers back to Catholicism. 05:03.420 --> 05:06.760 They wanted to convert adults, of course, as well, but their primary 05:06.760 --> 05:11.560 focus was the children, just as the great, famous, but great in the bad sense, 05:11.680 --> 05:18.560 but the famous dictators of history, Lenin, Stalin, Hitler, go on and on, 05:19.500 --> 05:24.680 are on record as saying, give me the children, and I will own the society. 05:26.340 --> 05:31.260 And so that's what the Jesuits wanted to do, get the children, particularly the 05:31.260 --> 05:37.040 rulers' children, the various rulers, the important people in society. 05:37.720 --> 05:41.760 They became the tutors and teachers to these children, because of their 05:41.760 --> 05:45.160 excellence in their studies and in their various fields. 05:46.060 --> 05:51.500 Their intent, again, lead the nations back to the old captivity, to papal Rome. 05:52.220 --> 05:59.320 Now, in some countries, principally Spain and Italy, the Reformation had not taken 05:59.320 --> 06:06.540 hold significantly, and the Jesuits were able to swoop in and solidify the hold 06:06.540 --> 06:12.420 that Roman Catholicism had on the heads of states of those nations and nation-states 06:12.420 --> 06:13.400 and the people. 06:14.380 --> 06:20.340 In other countries, however, for example, Poland, and I'm proud to have some Polish 06:20.340 --> 06:26.100 heritage, the Reformation had established, had taken hold tremendously, and 06:26.100 --> 06:30.240 established, in fact, schools and colleges, Protestant schools, Protestant 06:30.240 --> 06:30.720 colleges. 06:31.300 --> 06:37.080 The Jesuits still relentlessly sought to undermine what had been achieved in the 06:37.080 --> 06:39.240 expansion of biblical faith, of the true gospel. 06:40.160 --> 06:45.280 That was their successful tactic then, and this isn't just history, it's still 06:45.280 --> 06:45.660 today. 06:46.660 --> 06:53.140 Many people were, and still are, won over to Catholicism through parents 06:53.140 --> 06:57.720 sending their children to private Catholic schools and universities where they're 06:57.720 --> 06:58.980 given a Catholic education. 06:59.720 --> 07:05.240 We have the case today, many fine, Bible-believing Protestant parents will 07:05.240 --> 07:11.240 send their children to a Catholic school, and then they're surprised when the 07:11.240 --> 07:17.760 children either convert to Catholicism or certainly pick up many ideas that are 07:17.760 --> 07:18.900 foreign to Scripture. 07:19.340 --> 07:20.540 That's where they learned it. 07:23.940 --> 07:31.020 See, the Jesuits' intention, then and now, is to indoctrinate populations. 07:32.100 --> 07:38.680 They accomplished this not so much by overtly teaching Catholic doctrine, 07:39.960 --> 07:45.660 but they interpret, through their school systems, every subject matter from an 07:45.660 --> 07:50.060 underlying doctrinal viewpoint that is standard Roman Catholicism. 07:50.980 --> 07:56.640 As always, it's always rather the Catholic viewpoint that's predominantly taught and 07:56.640 --> 08:01.760 promoted in these schools, even in our day of so-called dialogue with Catholics, 08:01.880 --> 08:04.000 that some Protestants have fallen into that trap. 08:04.640 --> 08:08.860 Furthermore, if the students are not converted to Catholicism, they are 08:08.860 --> 08:13.260 rendered less effective in their biblical witnessing, in their biblical faith, 08:13.380 --> 08:14.880 because of their Catholic training. 08:15.320 --> 08:16.560 That's why it's so insidious. 08:17.420 --> 08:21.260 That's why Bible-believers have absolutely no business sending their children to 08:21.260 --> 08:22.260 Catholic institutions. 08:22.480 --> 08:23.740 Absolutely no business doing that. 08:25.100 --> 08:31.520 Now, another means which Ignatius taught to draw people back into the Catholic 08:31.520 --> 08:35.080 Church, or for the first time, was a well-thought-out program of 08:35.080 --> 08:38.260 self-mastery and self-discipline. 08:39.040 --> 08:43.840 His principal book was called Spiritual Exercises, and that was intended to teach 08:43.840 --> 08:50.080 people how to deny themselves completely, and how to reach a mystical union with 08:50.080 --> 08:50.500 God. 08:51.900 --> 08:54.700 And that's a works-righteousness approach, of course. 08:55.640 --> 09:01.660 The self-denial and reaching this so-called mystical union with God, 09:01.900 --> 09:03.800 it's a works-righteousness. 09:04.760 --> 09:08.260 The child of that is existentialism and de-orthodoxy. 09:09.560 --> 09:16.560 His conviction, we're talking about Loyola Ignatius, his conviction was that 09:16.560 --> 09:22.160 self-denial and these mystical experiences would lead to full obedience to the Roman 09:22.160 --> 09:26.280 Church, because they'd done that for Ignatius of Loyola himself. 09:27.300 --> 09:34.780 The populations that are not grounded in the Bible are notoriously superstitious. 09:34.780 --> 09:40.460 I once heard it said that if you don't believe in the God of the Bible, 09:41.160 --> 09:45.320 it's not that you won't believe in anything, it's that you will believe in 09:45.320 --> 09:45.940 anything. 09:46.680 --> 09:47.840 It's superstitions. 09:48.440 --> 09:51.440 And because populations that aren't grounded in the Bible, they don't have any 09:51.440 --> 09:55.860 sure knowledge of God through Jesus Christ and his written Word, the Bible, 09:56.520 --> 09:58.640 mysticism has a great appeal to these people. 09:59.180 --> 10:02.960 And so Ignatius was able to play off of that as well, and the Catholic Church does 10:02.960 --> 10:06.960 that all the time, particularly as these people face their future. 10:07.860 --> 10:12.400 To such people that are adrift in spiritual darkness, the Catholic Church 10:12.400 --> 10:17.480 offers the spiritual authority of the Pope and his visible rituals to give them a 10:17.480 --> 10:19.500 sense of stability. 10:22.240 --> 10:28.360 Then Catholicism offers people the thrill of mystical experiences in place of 10:28.360 --> 10:29.360 spiritual truth. 10:29.920 --> 10:33.920 Truly, Catholicism is an utterly deceptive organization. 10:35.060 --> 10:41.500 Now by the mid-17th century, the Society of Jesus, as the Jesuit order was called, 10:41.820 --> 10:45.660 had thousands of members across Europe, all across Europe. 10:46.520 --> 10:52.560 Their mission then and now has been the eradication of the efforts of the 10:52.560 --> 10:53.080 Reformation. 10:53.860 --> 10:59.180 Over the next few centuries, the Jesuits became the papacy's most powerful force to 10:59.180 --> 11:00.360 affect Western culture. 11:01.340 --> 11:06.820 The Jesuits have had a strong political influence with Catholic monarchies across 11:06.820 --> 11:07.260 Europe. 11:07.440 --> 11:10.240 It's an indisputable matter of history. 11:11.120 --> 11:16.740 They've led the main counter-Reformation efforts for four centuries by upholding 11:16.740 --> 11:24.460 papal authority, restoring the sacramental system, promoting this mysticism with all 11:24.460 --> 11:29.740 these superstitions to those nations, many nations, that had been touched by the 11:29.740 --> 11:31.540 biblical principles of the Reformation. 11:32.200 --> 11:38.020 Much of what papal Rome has achieved since the Reformation, and in modern times, 11:38.540 --> 11:42.240 has been due to the planning and strategy of the Jesuits. 11:43.740 --> 11:51.320 Yes, this is quite true that the Jesuits succeeded right across Europe and they 11:51.320 --> 11:59.400 were quite successful even in places like Poland, where they really stamped out what 11:59.400 --> 12:01.600 had been biblical faith growing in Poland. 12:02.540 --> 12:10.980 But nonetheless, while papal Rome was advancing, a fact of history really 12:10.980 --> 12:20.280 brought an end to what had been one of their main ways of advancing over the 12:20.280 --> 12:20.660 years. 12:20.800 --> 12:28.020 And that was their fact that they were a civil power and that they had papal states 12:28.020 --> 12:34.240 and that they controlled people not simply as a religious organization but through 12:34.240 --> 12:41.120 civil law, because they were recognized to be a civil state and they had power over 12:41.120 --> 12:42.520 princes and kings. 12:43.460 --> 12:51.820 And so this actually came to an end and it was one of Napoleon's generals who brought 12:51.820 --> 12:52.680 it to an end. 12:53.680 --> 13:00.320 Napoleon's generals came into Italy and into Rome and into the Vatican itself and 13:00.320 --> 13:05.400 they removed Pope Pius VI from his papal throne. 13:06.060 --> 13:12.800 Not only was he physically taking off his papal throne, but they removed his civil 13:12.800 --> 13:13.400 power. 13:15.040 --> 13:22.580 His right to territory as a civil power was taken from him by force of arms. 13:23.240 --> 13:28.620 This really brought an end to the Holy Roman Empire. 13:29.780 --> 13:40.400 The empire had ruled for many centuries across Europe and Rome being the one to 13:40.400 --> 13:43.260 dictate the rules for the emperor. 13:44.260 --> 13:50.820 And it is amazing how it all fell by Napoleon's general. 13:52.020 --> 14:00.700 And we had the demise of Romanism as a civil power that happened in 1798. 14:01.520 --> 14:03.320 And it was complete. 14:03.520 --> 14:06.180 It was the end of civil power as such. 14:07.600 --> 14:16.240 And it was with the demise of this civil power that Rome had counted on for so many 14:16.240 --> 14:28.840 years that we had an amazing attempt to reestablish the power and glory of Rome, 14:29.260 --> 14:35.040 even though it now lacked one of its main weapons of being civil power. 14:35.840 --> 14:43.900 And there was one pope who was remarkable in this endeavor to restore the papacy to 14:43.900 --> 14:45.980 some of its power and glory. 14:46.560 --> 14:48.860 And it was Pope Pius IX. 14:49.220 --> 14:54.620 He is often known in the history books as Pio Nono, the Italian name, Pius IX. 14:55.340 --> 15:03.200 And he ruled in the Catholic Church for a long, long time from 1846 to 1878. 15:04.240 --> 15:09.540 And it was a time of nationalism across Europe, and even in Italy itself. 15:10.000 --> 15:15.600 Italy had become an independent republic, much to the displeasure of the pope who 15:15.600 --> 15:19.520 fought against the fact that Italy was going to be independent. 15:20.360 --> 15:23.760 It became an independent republic in 1849. 15:25.680 --> 15:32.560 And now the papacy had neither territory itself, it had not civil power, 15:32.880 --> 15:39.980 and where it had ruled from in Italy, it didn't even have a place that they 15:39.980 --> 15:45.480 could call its own, to be a civil, to be recognized as a civil state. 15:46.100 --> 15:53.420 The papacy had really lost a lot, but not in the mind of Pius IX. 15:54.000 --> 16:00.600 He set about to restore power and glory to the Roman Church. 16:01.320 --> 16:05.060 And he had an intent behind what he did. 16:05.500 --> 16:09.600 First of all, his intent was to proclaim a dogma. 16:11.140 --> 16:14.680 A dogma called papal infallibility. 16:15.440 --> 16:21.380 The dogma that the pope is infallible in all matters that he speaks on faith and 16:21.380 --> 16:21.940 morals. 16:22.360 --> 16:25.460 That he has a divine prerogative, infallibility. 16:26.540 --> 16:34.040 Now this was something that had been unknown even in tradition of the Catholic 16:34.040 --> 16:34.540 Church. 16:35.320 --> 16:43.900 There were famous Catholic historians such as Dollinger and Bernard Hastert who 16:43.900 --> 16:51.280 showed that not only was this teaching not in scripture, but there was no traces of 16:51.280 --> 16:55.780 it in any of the history of the Catholic Church or in the traditions. 16:55.940 --> 16:57.160 It was never claimed. 16:58.120 --> 17:07.320 Nonetheless, while his own historians argued against it, and while there was no 17:07.320 --> 17:14.080 mention of it in scripture, Pius IX set about to establish this as a dogma. 17:14.700 --> 17:23.040 And he got it proclaimed as a dogma in 1870 at what was the First Vatican 17:23.040 --> 17:23.740 Council. 17:24.860 --> 17:32.740 And so this was the first way that Pius IX sought to re-establish. 17:32.900 --> 17:38.050 And now he centralized things that churches could look to, an infallible 17:38.050 --> 17:41.290 authority that the Pope himself was infallible. 17:41.810 --> 17:47.430 He could not make any mistake or error in matters of faith and morals. 17:48.930 --> 17:58.950 Then Pius IX was very clever because he saw that he needed to have the papacy to 17:58.950 --> 18:04.570 be in full command of all the bishops across Europe. 18:06.430 --> 18:12.110 And it had been a tradition in most European countries that it was the people, 18:13.650 --> 18:19.550 the ordinary people of the churches that got together with their clergy to elect 18:19.550 --> 18:26.090 who should be bishops in the different areas of the different parts of the 18:26.090 --> 18:27.770 church, even the Church of Rome. 18:28.290 --> 18:35.730 It was the privilege of the local churches to say who was to be their bishop or their 18:35.730 --> 18:36.090 leader. 18:37.370 --> 18:39.930 Pius IX was very clever and said no, this has to end. 18:40.570 --> 18:46.010 And he claimed to have authority to appoint bishops and of course later on to 18:46.010 --> 18:53.170 appoint archbishops and cardinals so that power would be centralized in Rome. 18:54.730 --> 19:03.110 And he was successful and this became also decrees of the Vatican Council. 19:03.590 --> 19:11.370 One, that bishops were to be appointed by the Bishop of Rome, the Pope. 19:11.790 --> 19:12.890 He had authority. 19:13.630 --> 19:21.050 And so the claim for people infallibility and the claim, the successful claim that 19:21.050 --> 19:28.210 was brought about under Pius IX, that the popes alone appoint bishops, 19:29.730 --> 19:32.230 and later archbishops and cardinals. 19:32.430 --> 19:35.050 So this centralized power. 19:36.430 --> 19:44.850 And these two factors greatly enhanced the Church of Rome even when they had no civil 19:44.850 --> 19:45.470 power. 19:46.610 --> 19:56.370 And it became even more emphatic under the successor to Pius IX. 19:57.130 --> 19:59.790 The successor was Pius X. 20:00.550 --> 20:04.970 And he set about to appoint bishops and cardinals to bring about all the different 20:04.970 --> 20:11.330 laws of the Catholic Church into one code called the Code of Canon Law. 20:12.010 --> 20:19.110 And this was established so that the Church of Rome had the Code of Canon Law 20:19.110 --> 20:21.710 from 1917 onwards. 20:22.730 --> 20:28.490 And this really centralized power that the Roman Church was organized absolutely 20:28.490 --> 20:30.670 under the dictates of the Pope. 20:31.810 --> 20:38.130 And what he said, not only for the people of Rome, but for other churches. 20:38.970 --> 20:45.410 Their claim and their laws of how churches were to be organized down to details of 20:45.410 --> 20:49.710 clerical dress and on and on, all in the Code of Canon Law. 20:50.130 --> 20:57.510 This became known and publicized to the world in 1917. 20:57.510 --> 20:57.770 And this was the first time that the Roman Catholic Church was changing. 20:58.470 --> 21:03.630 Then there came a historical fact that wants to change Romanism. 21:03.850 --> 21:06.170 And I'd like that you would speak about this historical fact. 21:06.290 --> 21:07.250 Certainly will. 21:07.590 --> 21:08.170 Certainly will. 21:09.150 --> 21:14.250 Historical fact is the Lateran Treaty in 1929. 21:14.610 --> 21:20.610 This really establishes how the Roman Catholicism, the Catholic Church, 21:20.650 --> 21:22.050 became a modern nation. 21:22.490 --> 21:26.010 Now we think about the Roman Catholic Church, a lot of people say, what are you 21:26.010 --> 21:26.810 talking about a nation? 21:27.090 --> 21:28.270 That's a religion. 21:28.550 --> 21:29.410 It's a church. 21:30.030 --> 21:31.790 Well, it's far more than that. 21:31.910 --> 21:32.550 It is a nation. 21:33.190 --> 21:39.130 As we'll see, it has ambassadors in 174 countries around the world. 21:39.410 --> 21:43.130 It has established itself, it governs itself as a nation.