WEBVTT 00:19.860 --> 00:23.020 CHURCH HISTORY by EUSEBIUS OF CAESAREA. 00:23.340 --> 00:25.200 TRANSLATED BY ARTHUR CUSHMAN MCGUIRE. 00:25.200 --> 00:29.540 Book 4, Part 3, Chapters 17-23. 00:31.400 --> 00:32.880 Chapter 17. 00:33.400 --> 00:36.020 The Martyrs Whom Justin Mentions in His Own Work. 00:37.060 --> 00:42.360 The same man, before his conflict, mentions in his first apology others that 00:42.360 --> 00:46.480 suffered martyrdom before him, and most fittingly records the following 00:46.480 --> 00:46.940 events. 00:47.940 --> 00:53.860 He writes thus, A certain woman lived with a dissolute husband, she herself too 00:53.860 --> 00:56.020 having formerly been of the same character. 00:56.820 --> 01:00.940 But when she came to the knowledge of the teachings of Christ, she became temperate, 01:01.320 --> 01:05.420 and endeavored to persuade her husband likewise to be temperate, repeating the 01:05.420 --> 01:09.560 teachings, and declaring the punishment in eternal fire which shall come upon those 01:09.560 --> 01:12.740 who do not live temperately and conformably to right reason. 01:14.740 --> 01:19.740 But he, continuing in the same excesses, alienated his wife by his conduct, 01:19.740 --> 01:25.340 for she finally, thinking it wrong to live as a wife with a man who, contrary to the 01:25.340 --> 01:30.120 law of nature and right, sought every possible means of pleasure, desired to be 01:30.120 --> 01:31.040 divorced from him. 01:32.600 --> 01:37.180 And when she was earnestly entreated by her friends, who counseled her still to 01:37.180 --> 01:41.200 remain with him, on the ground that her husband might sometime give hope of 01:41.200 --> 01:44.680 amendment, she did violence to herself and remained. 01:46.260 --> 01:50.500 But when her husband had gone to Alexandria, and was reported to be 01:50.500 --> 01:54.520 conducting himself still worse, she, in order that she might not, 01:54.620 --> 01:59.440 by continuing in wedlock, and by sharing his board and bed, become a partaker in 01:59.440 --> 02:04.760 his lawlessness and impiety, gave him what we call a bill of divorce and left him. 02:06.340 --> 02:11.240 But her noble and excellent husband, instead of rejoicing as he ought to have 02:11.240 --> 02:14.960 done, that she had given up those actions which she had formerly recklessly 02:14.960 --> 02:19.120 committed with the servants and hirelings, when she delighted in drunkenness and in 02:19.120 --> 02:23.740 every vice, and that she desired him likewise to give them up, when she had 02:23.740 --> 02:27.980 gone from him contrary to his wish, brought an accusation concerning her, 02:28.260 --> 02:29.800 declaring that she was a Christian. 02:31.460 --> 02:35.920 And she petitioned you, the emperor, that she might be permitted first to set 02:35.920 --> 02:39.960 her affairs in order, and afterwards, after the settlement of her affairs, 02:40.320 --> 02:42.460 to make her defence against the accusation. 02:42.840 --> 02:44.040 And this you granted. 02:45.940 --> 02:50.420 But he who had once been her husband, being no longer able to prosecute her, 02:50.800 --> 02:54.940 directed his attacks against a certain Ptolemaeus, who had been her teacher in 02:54.940 --> 02:58.460 the doctrines of Christianity, and whom Urbisius had punished. 02:59.240 --> 03:01.920 Against him he proceeded in the following manner. 03:03.060 --> 03:07.900 He persuaded a centurion who was his friend to cast Ptolemaeus into prison, 03:08.180 --> 03:11.860 and to take him and ask him this only, whether he were a Christian. 03:12.500 --> 03:16.640 And when Ptolemaeus, who was a lover of truth, and not of a deceitful and false 03:16.640 --> 03:21.300 disposition, confessed that he was a Christian, the centurion bound him and 03:21.300 --> 03:23.600 punished him for a long time in the prison. 03:24.820 --> 03:29.380 And finally, when the man was brought before Urbisius, he was likewise asked 03:29.380 --> 03:31.940 this question only, whether he were a Christian. 03:32.560 --> 03:36.720 And again, conscious of the benefits which he enjoyed through the teaching of Christ, 03:37.120 --> 03:39.500 he confessed his schooling in divine virtue. 03:41.100 --> 03:45.480 For whoever denies that he is a Christian either denies because he despises 03:45.480 --> 03:49.620 Christianity, or he avoids confession because he is conscious that he is 03:49.620 --> 03:54.240 unworthy and an alien to it, neither of which is the case with the true Christian. 03:55.960 --> 04:00.960 And when Urbisius commanded that he be led away to punishment, a certain Lucius, 04:01.140 --> 04:06.020 who was also a Christian, seeing judgment so unjustly passed, said to Urbisius, 04:06.460 --> 04:10.280 Why have you punished this man who is not an adulterer, nor a fornicator, 04:10.480 --> 04:15.220 nor a murderer, nor a thief, nor a robber, nor has been convicted of committing any 04:15.220 --> 04:18.560 crime at all, but has confessed that he bears the name of Christian? 04:19.100 --> 04:24.440 You do not judge, O Urbisius, in a manner befitting the emperor Pius, or the 04:24.440 --> 04:27.400 philosophical son of Caesar, or the sacred senate. 04:29.300 --> 04:34.460 And without making any other reply, he said to Lucius, Thou also seemest to me 04:34.460 --> 04:35.460 to be such a one. 04:35.760 --> 04:40.080 And when Lucius said, Certainly, he again commanded that he too should be 04:40.080 --> 04:41.140 led away to punishment. 04:42.060 --> 04:46.540 But he professed his thanks, for he was liberated, he added, from such wicked 04:46.540 --> 04:49.860 rulers, and was going to the good father and king, God. 04:50.340 --> 04:53.840 And still a third, having come forward, was condemned to be punished. 04:55.300 --> 05:00.540 To this, Justin fittingly and consistently adds the words which we quoted above, 05:00.680 --> 05:05.660 saying, I too, therefore, expect to be plotted against by some one of those whom 05:05.660 --> 05:07.260 I have named, etc. 05:09.420 --> 05:10.540 Chapter 18. 05:11.080 --> 05:13.560 The Works of Justin Which Have Come Down to Us. 05:15.360 --> 05:20.140 This writer has left us a great many monuments of a mind educated and practiced 05:20.140 --> 05:24.800 in divine things, which are replete with profitable matter of every kind. 05:25.420 --> 05:29.800 To them we shall refer the studious, noting as we proceed those that have come 05:29.800 --> 05:30.600 to our knowledge. 05:32.320 --> 05:36.600 There is a certain discourse of his in defense of our doctrine addressed to 05:36.600 --> 05:41.100 Antoninus, surnamed the pious, and to his sons and to the Roman senate. 05:41.900 --> 05:46.460 Another work contains his second apology in behalf of our faith, which he offered 05:46.460 --> 05:50.060 to him who was the successor of the emperor mentioned and who bore the same 05:50.060 --> 05:54.520 name, Antoninus Verus, the one whose times we are now recording. 05:56.260 --> 06:01.140 Also another work against the Greeks, in which he discourses at length upon most 06:01.140 --> 06:05.640 of the questions at issue between us and the Greek philosophers, and discusses the 06:05.640 --> 06:06.480 nature of demons. 06:07.120 --> 06:10.360 It is not necessary for me to add any of these things here. 06:11.840 --> 06:16.280 And still another work of his against the Greeks has come down to us, to which he 06:16.280 --> 06:17.820 gave the title refutation. 06:18.580 --> 06:23.140 And besides these another on the sovereignty of God, which he establishes 06:23.140 --> 06:26.740 not only from our scriptures, but also from the books of the Greeks. 06:28.360 --> 06:34.120 Still further, a work entitled salties and another disputation on the soul, 06:34.440 --> 06:38.100 in which after propounding various questions concerning the problem under 06:38.100 --> 06:43.520 discussion, he gives the opinions of Greek philosophers, promising to refute it and 06:43.520 --> 06:45.640 to present his own view in another work. 06:47.300 --> 06:52.260 He composed also a dialogue against the Jews, which he held in the city of Ephesus 06:52.260 --> 06:56.300 with Tripho, a most distinguished man among the Hebrews of that day. 06:56.880 --> 07:01.060 In it he shows how the divine grace urged him on to the doctrine of the faith, 07:01.400 --> 07:06.000 and with what earnestness he had formerly pursued philosophical studies and how 07:06.000 --> 07:08.200 ardent a search he had made for the truth. 07:09.620 --> 07:14.020 And he records of the Jews in the same work that they were plotting against the 07:14.020 --> 07:17.240 teaching of Christ, asserting the same things against Tripho. 07:17.640 --> 07:21.000 Not only did you not repent of the wickedness which you had committed, 07:21.360 --> 07:25.560 but you selected at that time chosen men, and you sent them out from Jerusalem 07:25.560 --> 07:29.820 through all the land to announce that the godless heresy of the Christians had made 07:29.820 --> 07:33.500 its appearance, and to accuse them of those things which all that are ignorant 07:33.500 --> 07:38.360 of us say against us, so that you become the causes not only of your own injustice 07:38.360 --> 07:40.780 but also of all other men's. 07:42.460 --> 07:47.540 He writes also that even down to his time prophetic gifts shone in the church. 07:48.160 --> 07:52.340 And he mentions the apocalypse of John, saying distinctly that it was the 07:52.340 --> 07:52.740 apostles. 07:53.580 --> 07:58.300 He also refers to certain prophetic declarations and accuses Tripho on the 07:58.300 --> 08:00.620 ground that the Jews had cut them out of the scripture. 08:01.540 --> 08:05.300 A great many other works of his are still in the hands of many of the brethren. 08:06.920 --> 08:11.500 And the discourses of the man were thought so worthy of study even by the ancients 08:11.500 --> 08:15.600 that Irenaeus quotes his words, for instance, in the fourth book of his 08:15.600 --> 08:18.440 work against heresies, where he writes as follows. 08:18.960 --> 08:23.740 And Justin Wells says in his work against Marcion that he would not have believed 08:23.740 --> 08:27.200 the Lord himself if he had preached another god besides the Creator. 08:27.780 --> 08:32.360 And again in the fifth book of the same work he says, and Justin Wells said that 08:32.360 --> 08:36.580 before the coming of the Lord, Satan never dared to blaspheme God because 08:36.580 --> 08:38.700 he did not yet know his condemnation. 08:40.260 --> 08:44.520 These things I have deemed it necessary to say for the sake of stimulating the 08:44.520 --> 08:46.720 studious to peruse his works with diligence. 08:47.300 --> 08:48.740 So much concerning him. 08:50.780 --> 08:51.980 Chapter 19. 08:52.540 --> 08:56.780 The rulers of the churches of Rome and Alexandria during the reign of Verus. 08:58.280 --> 09:03.520 In the eighth year of the above-mentioned reign, Soter succeeded Anicetus as bishop 09:03.520 --> 09:07.880 of the Church of Rome, after the latter had held office eleven years in all. 09:08.460 --> 09:13.080 But when Saladion had presided over the church of Alexandria for fourteen years, 09:13.480 --> 09:15.540 he was succeeded by Agrippinus. 09:17.440 --> 09:18.420 Chapter 20. 09:18.960 --> 09:21.460 The rulers of the church of Antioch. 09:22.120 --> 09:26.780 At that time also in the church of Antioch, Theophilus was well known as the 09:26.780 --> 09:27.880 sixth from the apostles. 09:28.500 --> 09:33.400 For Cornelius, who succeeded Hero, was the fourth, and after him Eros, 09:33.660 --> 09:36.200 the fifth in order, had held the office of bishop. 09:38.220 --> 09:39.300 Chapter 21. 09:39.700 --> 09:43.140 The ecclesiastical writers that flourished in those days. 09:44.020 --> 09:48.460 At that time their flourished in the church Hegesippus, whom we know from what 09:48.460 --> 09:52.940 has gone before, and Dionysius, bishop of Corinth, and another bishop, 09:53.160 --> 09:58.480 Pinnitus of Crete, and besides these Philip, and Apollinarius, and Melito, 09:58.940 --> 10:02.680 and Musanus, and Modestus, and finally Irenaeus. 10:03.540 --> 10:08.400 From them has come down to us in writing the sound and orthodox faith received from 10:08.400 --> 10:09.480 apostolic tradition. 10:11.720 --> 10:12.760 Chapter 22. 10:13.500 --> 10:15.780 Hegesippus and the events which he mentions. 10:17.220 --> 10:21.520 Hegesippus, in the five books of memoirs which have come down to us, has left a 10:21.520 --> 10:23.560 most complete record of his own views. 10:24.140 --> 10:28.100 In them he states that on a journey to Rome he met a great many bishops, 10:28.600 --> 10:31.140 and that he received the same doctrine from all. 10:31.680 --> 10:35.900 It is fitting to hear what he says after making some remarks about the epistle of 10:35.900 --> 10:37.340 Clement to the Corinthians. 10:38.200 --> 10:40.260 His words are as follows. 10:53.160 --> 11:00.720 And when I had come to Rome, I remained there until Anicetus, whose deacon was 11:00.720 --> 11:01.420 Eleutherus. 11:01.420 --> 11:06.020 And Anicetus was succeeded by Soter, and he by Eleutherus. 11:06.620 --> 11:11.660 In every succession, and in every city, that is held which is preached by the law, 11:11.820 --> 11:13.120 and the prophets, and the Lord. 11:14.580 --> 11:18.920 The same author also describes the beginnings of the heresies which arose in 11:18.920 --> 11:21.020 his time in the following words. 11:21.460 --> 11:26.040 And after James the just had suffered martyrdom, as the Lord had also on the 11:26.040 --> 11:30.780 same account, Simeon, the son of the Lord's uncle, Clopas, was appointed the 11:30.780 --> 11:31.400 next bishop. 11:32.180 --> 11:36.260 All proposed him as second bishop because he was a cousin of the Lord. 11:36.920 --> 11:41.160 Therefore they called the church a virgin, for it was not yet corrupted by vain 11:41.160 --> 11:42.000 discourses. 11:43.340 --> 11:48.080 But Thebuthus, because he was not made bishop, began to corrupt it. 11:48.580 --> 11:53.660 He also was sprung from the seven sects among the people, like Simon, from whom 11:53.660 --> 11:58.780 came the Simonians, and Cleobius, from whom came the Cleobians, and 11:58.780 --> 12:03.420 Doscythius, from whom came the Doscythians, and Gorthius, from whom came 12:03.420 --> 12:07.800 the Gortheni, and Masbothius, from whom came the Masbothians. 12:08.240 --> 12:12.980 From them sprang the Menandrianists, and Marcionists, and Carpocratians, 12:13.200 --> 12:16.800 and Valentinians, and Basilidians, and Saturnilians. 12:17.600 --> 12:21.360 Each introduced privately and separately his own peculiar opinion. 12:21.360 --> 12:26.980 From them came false Christs, false prophets, false apostles, who divided the 12:26.980 --> 12:31.140 unity of the church by corrupt doctrines uttered against God and against his 12:31.140 --> 12:31.640 Christ. 12:33.000 --> 12:37.820 The same writer also records the ancient heresies which arose among the Jews, 12:38.200 --> 12:39.340 in the following words. 12:39.720 --> 12:44.340 There were, moreover, various opinions in the circumcision among the children of 12:44.340 --> 12:44.760 Israel. 12:45.320 --> 12:49.160 The following were those that were opposed to the tribe of Judah and the Christ. 12:49.580 --> 12:55.900 Essenes, Galileans, Hemerobaptists, Masbothians, Samaritans, Sadducees, 12:56.180 --> 12:56.900 Pharisees. 12:58.280 --> 13:02.740 And he wrote of many other matters, which we have in part already mentioned, 13:03.160 --> 13:05.700 introducing the accounts in their appropriate places. 13:06.300 --> 13:11.040 And from the Syriac Gospel according to the Hebrews, he quotes some passages in 13:11.040 --> 13:15.540 the Hebrew tongue, showing that he was a convert from the Hebrews, and he mentions 13:15.540 --> 13:18.960 other matters as taken from the unwritten tradition of the Jews. 13:20.620 --> 13:25.580 And not only he, but also Irenaeus and the whole company of the ancients called the 13:25.580 --> 13:27.900 Proverbs of Solomon all virtuous wisdom. 13:28.420 --> 13:32.540 And when speaking of the books called Apocrypha, he records that some of them 13:32.540 --> 13:35.180 were composed in his day by certain heretics. 13:35.740 --> 13:37.880 But let us now pass on to another. 13:39.700 --> 13:45.380 Chapter 23 Dionysius, Bishop of Corinth, and the epistles which he wrote. 13:46.800 --> 13:51.520 And first we must speak of Dionysius, who was appointed bishop of the church in 13:51.520 --> 13:55.760 Corinth, and communicated freely of his inspired labors not only to his own 13:55.760 --> 14:00.100 people, but also to those in foreign lands, and rendered the greatest service 14:00.100 --> 14:03.220 to all in the Catholic epistles which he wrote to the churches. 14:04.840 --> 14:09.580 Among these is the one addressed to the Lacedaemonians, containing instruction in 14:09.580 --> 14:14.460 the orthodox faith and an admonition to peace and unity, the one also addressed to 14:14.460 --> 14:18.980 the Athenians, exciting them to faith and to the life prescribed by the gospel, 14:19.500 --> 14:24.000 which he accuses them of esteeming lightly, as if they had almost apostatized 14:24.000 --> 14:28.500 from the faith since the martyrdom of their ruler Publius, which had taken place 14:28.500 --> 14:30.600 during the persecutions of those days. 14:32.040 --> 14:36.720 He mentions Quadratus also, stating that he was appointed their bishop after the 14:36.720 --> 14:40.760 martyrdom of Publius, and testifying that through his zeal they were brought 14:40.760 --> 14:43.080 together again and their faith revived. 14:43.560 --> 14:48.700 He records, moreover, that Dionysius the Areopagite, who was converted to the faith 14:48.700 --> 14:52.820 by the apostle Paul, according to the statement in the Acts of the Apostles, 14:53.160 --> 14:56.080 first obtained the episcopate of the church at Athens. 14:58.000 --> 15:03.640 And there is extant another epistle of his addressed to the Nicomedians, in which he 15:03.640 --> 15:07.980 attacks the heresy of Marcion and stands fast by the canon of the truth. 15:09.560 --> 15:14.120 Writing also to the church that is in Gortyna, together with the other parishes 15:14.120 --> 15:19.000 in Crete, he commends their bishop Philip, because of the many acts of fortitude 15:19.000 --> 15:23.800 which are testified to as performed by the church under him, and he warns them to be 15:23.800 --> 15:26.580 on their guard against the aberrations of the heretics. 15:28.520 --> 15:33.020 And writing to the church that is in Amastris, together with those in Pontus, 15:33.320 --> 15:38.480 he refers to Bacchylides and Elpistus as having urged him to write, and he adds 15:38.480 --> 15:42.800 explanations of passages of the divine scriptures and mentions their bishop 15:42.800 --> 15:44.100 Palmus by name. 15:44.580 --> 15:49.340 He gives them much advice also in regard to marriage and chastity, and commands 15:49.340 --> 15:54.200 them to receive those who come back again after any fall, whether it be delinquency 15:54.200 --> 15:55.060 or heresy. 15:56.500 --> 16:01.000 Among these is inserted also another epistle addressed to the Nocians, 16:01.280 --> 16:06.460 in which he exhorts Pinatus, bishop of the parish, not to lay upon the brethren a 16:06.460 --> 16:11.140 grievous and compulsory burden in regard to chastity, but to have regard to the 16:11.140 --> 16:12.300 weakness of the multitude. 16:14.220 --> 16:18.700 Pinatus, replying to this epistle, admires and commends Dionysius, 16:19.080 --> 16:23.960 but exhorts him in turn to impart sometime more solid food, and to feed the people 16:23.960 --> 16:27.820 under him, when he wrote again, with more advanced teaching, that they 16:27.820 --> 16:32.360 might not be fed continually on these milky doctrines, and imperceptibly grow 16:32.360 --> 16:34.740 old under a training calculated for children. 16:35.320 --> 16:39.700 In this epistle also, Pinatus' orthodoxy in the faith, and his care for the welfare 16:39.700 --> 16:43.980 of those placed under him, his learning and his comprehension of divine things, 16:44.220 --> 16:46.680 are revealed as in a most perfect image. 16:47.840 --> 16:52.640 There is extant also another epistle written by Dionysius to the Romans, 16:53.040 --> 16:55.980 and addressed to Soter, who was bishop at that time. 16:56.500 --> 17:01.320 We cannot do better than to subjoin some passages from this epistle, in which he 17:01.320 --> 17:04.900 commends the practice of the Romans which has been retained down to the persecution 17:04.900 --> 17:06.140 in our own days. 17:06.620 --> 17:08.360 His words are as follows. 17:43.580 --> 17:48.320 In this same epistle, he makes mention also of Clement's epistle to the 17:48.320 --> 17:52.440 Corinthians, showing that it had been the custom from the beginning to read it in 17:52.440 --> 17:53.000 the church. 17:53.560 --> 17:55.200 His words are as follows. 18:09.860 --> 18:15.060 The same writer also speaks as follows concerning his own epistles, alleging that 18:15.060 --> 18:16.060 they had been mutilated. 18:40.400 --> 18:46.240 There is extant in addition to these another epistle of Dionysius written to 18:46.240 --> 18:48.620 Chrysophora, a most faithful sister. 18:49.340 --> 18:53.020 In it he writes what is suitable, and imparts to her also the proper 18:53.020 --> 18:54.040 spiritual food. 18:54.580 --> 18:56.420 So much concerning Dionysius.